The variation of Gibbs free energy in steel matrix composite of (Ti,Fe)-Al-C system was studied on the basis of solution thermodynamics theory. The thermodynamics model is established on the fact that pieces of TiFe alloy and pure Al are added into the FeC melt and heated up to 1600 ℃, then frozen to room temperature in the furnace after complete mixing and reaction. Calculated results show that the TiC is formed prior to the Fe₂Ti and Fe₃C,but Al₄C₃ and TiAl₃ can not be formated all the time. TiC is characterized by highest thermodynamics stability in this system. In the course of solidification, TiC is prior to be precipitated and it is possible to be followed by Fe₂Ti and Fe₃C. With the increase of C concentration,the possibilities of TiC、Fe₂Ti and Fe₃C formation are increased.

In order to study the performance of milling manners on sample particle size and polymdrphic transformation,30 wt% TiO2 was performed moist comminution experiment by planetary ballmill and novel ultrafine mill respectirvely with TiO2 of automobile pigment as experimental material. XRD analysis shows that nearly 90% anatase TiO2 transformed to rutile TiO2 after 6 h milling by novel mill, and the particle reached size of 22.9 nm. But the particle size only reached 86.5 nm after 20 h milling by planetary ballmill, and no polymorphic transformation was found. The results indicate that the special milling mechanism can not only obtain the nanoscale powders but also decrease polymorphic transformation temperature of TiO2 from 900 ℃ to below 100 ℃ by means of mechanochemistry effect.

A technical software platform with friendly interface specialized for the simulation of the hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) with synergic electric power supply(SEPS) system was established by redevelopment of HEV simulation software based on Advisor. The redeveloped software overcame the shortcoming of the Advisor which can not simulate the performance of the HEV with SEPS system composed of storage batteries and supercapacitors. The performance simulation was performed for the HEV with SEPS system and the simulated results were compared with those of the HEV with electrically supplied only by batteries or supercapacitors. Results showed that both the dynamic performance and the fuel economy of the HEV with SEPS system are improved.

To study the effect of the turbulent flow around 2 cars driving sidebyside on the traffic safety, the turbulent flow field was numerically simulated where the ground effect was imitated by the moving wall boundary condition and the rotating wheel effect was imitated by the rotating wall boundary condition. Taking 2 car models driving sidebyside with a side space of a car as an example, the velocity and pressure distributions on the car models surface were given. The velocity distributions in 3 typical sections and streamline distribution in the right car model wake were presented and discussed. The streamline distributions in the flow field around 2 cars with the side space of 0.1,0.3,0.5,1 and 2 times of car width were compared. The simulated aerodynamic force coefficients were compared with the wind tunnel test value of the single car model with stationary and rotating wheels. The analysis of the sideforce on the right car model showed that with the reducing side spaces, the rapidly increasing side forces push 2 cars to each other, and the safe side space should be 0.5~1.0 times of the car width for the driving and steering safety.

Facing the nonlinear feature of the vehicle, a dynamic surface controller algorithm for the adaptive cruise control(ACC) was established by introducing dynamic surface controller .Simulation program was compiled,and it was applyed to typical following condition and cutin condition . Simulation result shows that the controller can realize ACC under following condition and cutin condition with good stability, and the control result of the proposed algorithm is in agreement with the practised driver handling behavior.

In order to study the heat transfer characteristics of the twophase thermosyphon,its internal flow was analysed theoretically, a criterion affecting its working limit was deduced. By studying the heat transfer characteristics through experiments, an experiential formula of the equivalent heat transfer coefficient was established including the influences of the inclination, the hole number, the hole diameter and the heat flux density. Contrast experiments showed that the equivalent heat transfer coefficient of the open thermosyphon is above 85% of that of the closed one, and its total heat transfer quantity is above 90% of that of the closed one under the same working condition, but its cost is only about 50% of that of the closed thermosyphon.

The NOx emission from the lean burn gasoline engine may be reduced by the adsorberreduction catalytic converter. The effects of the lean and the rich mixture operating time duration tlean and trich as well as their ratio tlean/trich on the NOx emission and the fuel economy of a lean burn gasoline engine were investigated experimentally. The results show that with the decrease of the time ratio tlean/trich the CO and HC emissions and BSFC increase， but the NOx emission decreases. The increase of the time duration tleanand trich under constant ratio tlean/trich leads to decrease of BSFC and increase of NOx emission. Reducing the tleanand trich can improve the NOx emission from the engine with increased load.

An adaptive PID controller for energysaving of a hydraulic excavator based on the single neuron concept was designed on the basis of the fact that the single neuron features the PID characteristics. The online adjustments of the coefficients of proportion, integral and differential of the classical PID controller were realized by means of the selfstudy of the neurons, allowing the adaptive control for the powermatching of the hydraulic excavator. The simulation results showed that the single neuron PID adaptive controller is characterized by the strong robustness.

A mathematical model for the traction, the lateral stability and the power characteristic was built based on the analysis and calculation of the snowshoving resistance, the tangential traction and the power consumption of a oneway plough type snowshovel. The snowshoving characteristic of the snowshovel of the DQX roadsurface snowplough was simulated by the proposed model using the software compiled by the authors. The simulation results show that the snowplough design meets the claims made by the project contract and the selected chassis matches well the requirements of the snowshoving of the DQX snowplough. The measured results in the snowshoving tests are in agreement with the simulated ones.

A fuzzy prediction and control model for the surface roughness of cylinder traverse grinding was developed based on the experimental data and the expertise. A total of 12 variables which have effect on the grinding surface roughness were included, and the membership functions of the 7 major variables of them and their fuzzy rules were presented. The model can adjust the grinding parameters according to the variation of the grinding conditions and the workpiece parameters. Input of the model outputs into a fuzzy adaptive controller leads to the system to adjust realtimely the workpiece speed, getting the up to the requirements surface roughness. The experimental results showed that the developed fuzzy prediction and control model for the surface roughness is simple, effective and practical, and especially good for the nonlinear and multivariable conditions.

A new hierarchical fuzzy behaviorbased control approach of an autonomous robot was proposed, which focused on the design on coordination and fusion of these elementary fuzzy behaviors.The elementary behaviors were achieved by fuzzy reasoning scheme, and highlevel behaviors were composed of these primitive behaviors. Neural networks were used to select and fuse different behaviors like a person, so that the motion speed and rotational velocity of the mobile robot can change smoothly, because the sharp shift of different behavior would exacerbate the absolute position errors. The feasibility of the proposed design is validated by different simulation experiments.

Facing the disadvantage of parametric surface modeling,avioding to blend several parametric surfaces to model a 3D object, a C-C subdivision method with skirtremoving was introduced, and it was applied to blend bicubic Bspline surface for generating creases and sharp features effect.

Energy-spectrum entropy and subharmonic-harmonic rate methods were used to analyze speech based on speech sinusoidal model. Speech parameters being extracted according to least square method criterion, by introducing multiform quantization method and amplitude parameter fitting quantization model and using dynamic time warping techniques in the process of splitting vector quantization to fast search codebook, a variable-rate low bit rate wideband speech coding algorithm was proposed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is characterized by high precision,good real timeness ,and high synthesis speech quality,it also can reconstructed high quality speech in the presence of automobile and music background noises under the condition that speech coding rate and calculation complexity were reduced effectively.

The mechanism of springback fault occurring in the bending process of high strength steel (HSS) was researched and the precision of springback prediction was validated using the Benchmark presented at the NUMISHEET'2002 conference on the basis of the independently developed commercial CAE software KMAS. The flow chart of CAD/CAE/CAM for springback control and the die compensation technique for the typical bending structures based on KMAS software were presented. As an example， after the die design of a truck beam was modified, the springback value of the truck beam was decreased by 87% compared with that of the initial design，proving the suggested technique based on KMAS is efficient.

In order to solve the problem of pursuit and interception for flight vehicle, a fuzzy logic guidance law based on genetic algorithm was studied. The design of this law was on the basis of fuzzy logic theory, closing velocity and rate of LOS angle as input and control command of pursuer as output in the process of pursuit and interception. After the construction of proper fitness function, fuzzy partition number, parameter of membership functions and fuzzy inference rules were optimized through using genetic algorithm. The comparison of the performance for the designed guidance law with that of pure fuzzy logic guidance law and proportional guidance law widely used in practical engineering was conducted. Simulation results show that the proposed law is superior to the other two.

To obatain more ideal edge image for lane mark idenfitication, a lane mark identification and track method based on entropy maximization edge extraction was proposed. This method combined both onedimensional and twodimensional histogram entropy maximization partition methods, and image window variation technology was employed to partition the lane mark edge of the road image, then the lane mark parameters were acquired by the statistical method, finally the lane mark realtime track was performed by estabishing trapezoid areas of interest. Experimental results show that the proposed method is characterized by realiability, good robustness and realtimeness.

To overcome the weak point of less consideration on the system factors in the road transportation volume prediction approaches, a model based on the system dynamics was established to predict the road passenger and freight trausportation supplies and demands on the basis of analysis of the main influence factors of the road transportation system and their causalities. The proposed model was verified by simulation using the relevant statistical data of Jilin province road transportation volume and its feasibility and efficiency were proved.

In view of the idea that the bionic nonsmooth surface can reduce the viscous drag of a body, the drag reduction potential was investigated for the bodies of revolution by controlling the surface boundary layer structure to form a certain nonsmoothness. An orthogonal test scheme with 6 factors and 3 levels for each factor was used to evaluate the effect of 6 major influencing factors on the drag of the bodies of revolution. The nonsmooth bodies of revolution with spherical convex domes, spherical dimples and riblets were tested in comparison with the original smooth body in a wind tunnel under low speed, subsonic and supersonic conditions to get the drag reduction rates of the nonsmooth bodies as the test targets. The test results indicated that all 3 kinds of nonsmooth surfaces can reduce the drag of bodies of revolution, the maximal reduction rate is about 5%. The extremum difference analysis was used to determine the influence order of the factors and their optimal levels. The impact of the different bionic surfaces on the viscous forebody drag (including the skin friction and the shockwave drag) and the base drag of bodies of revolution were discussed.

In order to solve the adhesion problem of the tramcar, a flexible bionical tramcar was designed by using the flexible bionics technology. The model and on the spot tests were carried out to reduce the adhesion of coal on the tramcar. The relationships between coal moisture content, freezing time and working cycle for the flexible bionical tramcar and the traditional tramcar were studied under wet adhesion and freezing adhesion conditions. The test results showed that the flexible bionical tramcar can reduce significantly coal wet adhesion and freezing adhesion, and its antiadhesion rate can reach up to 95%.

A new method for direct extracting sodium phytate from cornsoaking, the byproduct produced in the process of corn fermentation, was provided. The extracting process was analyzed with orthogonal experiments. First, the cornsoaking water was passed through the anion exchange resin to adsorb phytic acid, while the impurities in the water were removed. Then, sodium hydroxide solution was used as desorbent to desorb the phytic acid, and the sodium phytate was formed by vaporizing and concentrating. Through analyzing the results of orthogonal experiments with data extreme difference method, the optimum technical parameters were determined as follows:The adsorption space velocity of raw material liquid is 3 h-1, the desorption space velocity of desorbent is 2 h-1 , the temperature of desorption is 35±2 ℃, and the concentration of desorbent is 6.5%. The repetitive experiments show that the experimental results are characterized by good repeatability.

A rapid assay for E.Coli 0157∶H7 has been developed by using an integrated portable SpreetaTMSPR biosensor. Avidinbiotin system was used to guarantee the detection accuracy. The assay is based on the adsorption of E.Coli 0157∶H7 antibody. Using the sandwich method of primary antibodyantigensecondary antibody to increase the antigen mass and to amplify the E.Coli 0157∶H7 detection signal. Adopting immunity colloid gold as secondary antibody, the antigen mass was significantly increased and detection signal was further enhanced. At the same time, the assay has prolonged the combination time of colloid gold antibody and microbe, then the detection signal was amplified further, thereby the detection limit has been extended from 106 cfu/mL to 101 cfu/mL.

The layout optimization of stiffeners for engine flywheel housing of a truck was discussed. In the layout optimization, the minimum weight of stiffeners was taken as the objective function with the stress constrain, the stiffeners was placed at the locations with high energy(or stress). To identify the element and efficiency so that the inefficiently elements of stiffeners can be removed, the sensitivity of the strain energy of stiffeners was introduced, and a search criterion for locations of stiffeners was given. In each iterative design, a high efficiency reanalysis method was used to reduce computational effort. Compared with traditional optimization,the proposed method can greatly reduce optimization effort and improve design precision.