吉林大学学报(医学版)

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附带咽喉枕囊气管导管对全身麻醉患者环杓关节脱位的预防作用及其效果评价

张霄,纪茗馨,单诗芮,张家豪,隋林聿,孙旭芳   

  1. 吉林大学第二医院麻醉科,吉林 长春 130022

Preventive effect of endotracheal tube with laryngopharynx pillow cuff on cricoarytenoid joint dislocation in patients under general anesthesia and its effectiveness evaluation

Xiao ZHANG,Mingxin JI,Shirui SHAN,Jiahao ZHANG,Linyu SUI,Xufang SUN   

  1. Department of Anesthesiology,Second Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China

摘要:

目的 观察附带咽喉枕囊(LPC)的气管导管在全身麻醉患者中应用的临床效果,为气管插管预防环杓关节脱位提供新方法。 方法 选取择期行全身麻醉经口气管插管术、符合纳入标准的患者48例。根据头颈部体位分为去枕水平仰卧位(SWOP)组(n=12)、垫枕水平仰卧位(SWP)组(n=12)、垂头仰卧位(TP)组(n=12)和侧头仰卧位(HSP)组(n=12)。每组同一患者在气管插管后相继接受2种处理措施,分为干预处理组(LPC充气)和对照处理组(LPC未充气,代表气管导管目前的使用方法),其中TP组1例和HSP组2例中止试验,共45例患者成功纳入本研究。采用电子纤维咽喉镜观察并记录各组患者不同头颈部体位下气管导管LPC经2种处理方法后气管导管与声门后联合环杓关节部位的位置关系。评估指标为观察咽喉部气管导管是否从声门后联合环杓关节部位抬离和气管导管对环杓关节的挤压程度,计算各组患者气管导管抬离发生率和气管导管对环杓关节挤压程度百分率。 结果 在同一头颈部体位组内,与对照处理组比较,干预处理组患者气管导管抬离发生率均明显升高(P<0.05),气管导管对环杓关节挤压程度百分率均明显降低(P<0.05)。对照处理组和干预处理组中,各头颈部体位组患者气管导管抬离发生率和气管导管对环杓关节挤压程度百分率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 在4种头颈部体位下,气管导管的LPC充气时均可使气管导管从声门后联合环杓关节部位抬离,可以有效解除或降低气管导管对环杓关节挤压损伤和机械性摩擦损伤。

关键词: 气管导管, 咽喉枕囊, 环杓关节脱位, 声门后联合, 挤压损伤, 摩擦损伤

Abstract:

Objective To observe the clinical effect of tracheal tube with an attached laryngeal pillow cushion (LPC) in the patients under general anesthesia, and to provide new methods for the preventing arytenoid dislocation during tracheal intubation. Methods Forty-eight patients scheduled for elective oral tracheal intubation under general anesthesia and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Based on the head and neck positions, the patients were divided into supine without pillow (SWOP) group (n=12), supine with pillow (SWP) group (n=12), trendelenburg position (TP) group (n=12), and head side position (HSP) group (n=12). The patient in the following groups underwent two sequential treatments after tracheal intubation: intervention group (LPC-inflated) and control group (LPC uninflated, representing the current method of tracheal tube use). One patient in TP group and two patients in HSP group rminated the experiment so, a total of 45 patients were successfully included in this study. Electronic fiber laryngoscopy was used to observe and record the positional relationship between the endotracheal tube LPC and the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area under different head and neck positions after two treatments. The evaluation indicators were whether the tracheal tube was lifted from the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area and the degree of compression of the tracheal tube on the arytenoid joint. The incidence of tracheal tube lift-off and the percentage of compression degree on cricoarytenoid joint of the patients in various groups were calculated. Results Within the same head and neck position group, compared with control group, the incidence of endotracheal tube lift-off of the patients in intervention group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the percentage of compression degree of endotracheal tube on the arytenoid joint was significantly decreased (P<0.05). control and intervention groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of endotracheal tube lift-off and the percentage of compression degree on arytenoid joint of the patients in various head and neck positions groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the four head and neck positions, inflating the LPC of the tracheal tube can lift the tracheal tube from the posterior commissure arytenoid joint area, effectively relieving or reducing the compression and mechanical friction injuries to the arytenoid joint.

Key words: Endotracheal tube, Laryngeal pillow cushion, Arytenoid dislocation, Posterior commissure, Compression injury, Friction injury

中图分类号: 

  • R612