西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190295

吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1358-1372.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190295

• 整装勘查区矿床成因与成矿作用研究专辑 • 上一篇下一篇

西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式

董志国^1,2,3, 张连昌^1,2,3, 董飞羽^1,2,3, 张帮禄^1,2,3, 谢月桥⁴, 查斌⁴, 彭自栋^1,2, 王长乐^1,2

1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所/中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室, 北京 100029;
2. 中国科学院地球科学研究院, 北京 100029;
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
4. 新疆地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队, 新疆喀什 844000

收稿日期:2019-12-21 出版日期:2020-09-26 发布日期:2020-09-29
通讯作者: 张连昌(1959-),男,研究员,主要从事矿床地质和地球化学方面的研究,E-mail:lczhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn E-mail:lczhang@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
作者简介:董志国(1994-),男,博士研究生,主要从事沉积型锰矿床方面的研究,E-mail:dongzhiguo@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1703242）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0604001）；中国地质调查局项目（DD20190166-19）

Geological Characteristics, Ore-Controlling Factors and Metallogenic Model of Muhu Manganese Deposit in West Kunlun, China

Dong Zhiguo^1,2,3, Zhang Lianchang^1,2,3, Dong Feiyu^1,2,3, Zhang Banglu^1,2,3, Xie Yueqiao⁴, Zha Bin⁴, Peng Zidong^1,2, Wang Changle^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
2. Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
4. No.2 Geological Party of the Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and Development, Kashi 844000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2019-12-21 Online:2020-09-26 Published:2020-09-29
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1703242),National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0604001) and Mineral Survey Project of China Geological Survey (DD20190166-19)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 穆呼锰矿床位于西昆仑造山带玛尔坎苏锰矿带东段，研究程度相对薄弱。穆呼锰矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组，自下而上可分为角砾灰岩、钙质杂砂岩和含炭质泥灰岩3个岩性段，具有完整的海侵层序特征，反映了由逐步断陷到稳定沉积的盆地演化过程。锰矿层赋存于第三岩性段炭质泥灰岩中，矿石矿物主要为化学组分纯净的泥晶菱锰矿。根据详细的矿相学观察并综合前人研究成果，笔者认为菱锰矿是初始沉淀的锰（氢）氧化物与有机质通过成岩反应形成的。这种成矿机制需要3个基本条件：丰富的锰质来源、氧化还原分层的海水和有机质的大量埋藏。在穆呼一带，有利于满足以上条件的主要控矿因素包括：伸展拉张的构造背景、强烈的海底热液活动、海侵事件和温暖潮湿的古气候。笔者根据w（Ba）-w（P₂O₅）图解并结合区域对比分析，初步认为穆呼锰矿床的成矿模式可能属于最小含氧量带扩张型。

关键词: 成矿模式, 控矿因素, 菱锰矿, 穆呼锰矿床, 玛尔坎苏锰矿带, 西昆仑造山带

Abstract: Muhu manganese deposit is located in the eastern end of Malkansu manganese ore belt in the west Kunlun orogenic belt, and research for this deposit is relatively weak. The ore-bearing strata of Muhu manganese deposit is the Upper Carboniferous Kalaatehe Formation, which can be divided into three members from the bottom to the top: Breccia limestone, calcareous greywacke, and carbonaceous marlstone. This typical transgressive sequence reflects the basin evolution from gradual faulting to stable sedimentation. The manganese orebodies occur in carbonaceous marlstone in the upper part of Kalaatehe Formation, and are mainly composed of fine-grained pure rhodochrosite. Based on the detailed mineralogical observation and the previous research advance, we suggest that the rhodochrosite in Muhu formed as a result of manganese oxides reduction by organic matter during burial diagenetic reaction. Three basic conditions are needed for this metallogenic mechanism: Abundant manganese source, redox stratified basin, and large burial of organic matter. In Muhu area, the main favorable ore-controlling factors include extensional tectonic background, strong submarine hydrothermal activities, transgressive event, and warm-humid paleoclimate. Based on the w(Ba)-w(P₂O₅) diagram and regional comparative analysis, we consider that the oxygen minimum zone expansion model can explain the genesis of Muhu manganese deposit.

Key words: metallogenic model, ore-controlling factors, rhodochrosite, Muhu manganese deposit, Malkansu manganese ore belt, west Kunlun orogen

中图分类号:

P618.32

董志国, 张连昌, 董飞羽, 张帮禄, 谢月桥, 查斌, 彭自栋, 王长乐. 西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2020, 50(5): 1358-1372.

Dong Zhiguo, Zhang Lianchang, Dong Feiyu, Zhang Banglu, Xie Yueqiao, Zha Bin, Peng Zidong, Wang Changle. Geological Characteristics, Ore-Controlling Factors and Metallogenic Model of Muhu Manganese Deposit in West Kunlun, China[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2020, 50(5): 1358-1372.

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西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式

Geological Characteristics, Ore-Controlling Factors and Metallogenic Model of Muhu Manganese Deposit in West Kunlun, China

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