北美典型混合页岩油系统特征及其启示

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201504110

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北美Williston 盆地Bakken组属典型的混合页岩油系统.笔者系统剖析了Bakken组混合页岩油系统富有机质层段和贫有机质层段的地质与地球化学、物性与裂缝发育以及页岩油特征,揭示了页岩油"甜点"主要受高含轻质油的富有机质成熟页岩、异常压力、微裂缝以及贫有机质层的白云石化作用共同控制,同时由于贫有机质层具有相对高的孔隙度、渗透率以及低的吸附量,因此可认为其是混合型页岩油系统中的主要产层.这对目前我国东部陆相页岩油勘探效果不佳的因素分析具有重要启示.把页岩油勘探目标层仅仅聚焦于富有机质泥页岩层段是勘探效果欠佳的主观因素;而富有机质泥页岩层段天然微裂缝发育局限、滞留油主要赋存在有机质中、热演化程度偏低使滞留油较重以及湖相Ⅰ型烃源岩生成的油含蜡量高等因素,是导致可采的页岩油量十分有限的客观因素.为此,针对我国东部湖盆页岩油的勘探,建议:加强成熟富有机质层系中贫有机质碳酸盐岩或粉砂、细砂岩薄夹层的精细评价与勘探;加强成熟富有机质泥页岩层段裂缝型页岩油的评价与勘探.

关键词: 混合页岩油系统, Bakken组, Williston盆地, 页岩油勘探, 中国东部, 北美, 页岩油

Abstract:

The Bakken Formation of Williston basin in North America is a typical hybrid shale-oil system. The characteristics of geology and geochemistry, porosity and permeability, micro-fracture development, and shale oil for organic-rich shales and juxtaposed organic-lean intervals, are systematically analyzed in this paper. The results show that the shale oil sweet point is mainly controlled by the mature shale, which is rich in organic matter and high content of light oils, abnormal pressure, well-developed micro-fractures, and dolomitization in organic-lean intervals all together. Meanwhile, organic-lean intervals are the main shale oil productive layer in hybrid shale oil system due to its relative high porosity, permeability, and low adsorptive capacity. This has an important implication for discovering the causes that the continental shale oil exploring results are not desirable in Eastern China. The subjective factor is that only organic rich shale and mudstone are taken as shale oil exploration targets; while the objective factors are that the development of natural micro-fracture is limited in organic-rich shale and mudstone but the organic-lean intervals, and the retained oil is mainly existed in organic matter with high wax generated from lacustrine source rocks relative to marine source rocks; the maturity of organic-rich shale and mudstone is not high enough to generate lighter oil. Therefore, we suggest to enhance a fine evaluation and an exploration of organic-lean carbonate or silt and fine sandstone with thin intervals in mature organic-rich shale system; and mature organic-rich shale with open fractures is proposed for shale oil exploring in lacustrine face basins of Eastern China.

Key words: hybrid shale-oil system, Bakken Formation, Williston basin, shale oil exploring, Eastern China, North America, shale oil

中图分类号:

P618.12

李志明, 芮晓庆, 黎茂稳, 曹婷婷, 徐二社, 陶国亮, 蒋启贵. 北美典型混合页岩油系统特征及其启示[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(4): 1060-1072.

Li Zhiming, Rui Xiaoqing, Li Maowen, Cao Tingting, Xu Ershe, Tao Guoliang, Jiang Qigui. Characteristics of Typical Hybrid Shale-Oil System in North America and Its Implications[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(4): 1060-1072.

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