吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (7): 1937-1949.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20241293

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇    

基于模块化A*寻优算法的地铁货车快递联运系统

刘铭1,2(),陈思危1,王俊杰1,梁雨萱1,于晓东3()   

  1. 1.长春工业大学 数学与统计学院,长春 130012
    2.吉林大学 符号计算与知识工程教育部重点实验室,长春 130012
    3.上海杉达学院 信息科学与技术学院,上海 201209
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 于晓东 E-mail:liuming@ccut.edu.cn;xdyu@sandau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘铭(1979-),男,教授,博士.研究方向:机器学习,计算机视觉.E-mail:liuming@ccut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省发改委基本建设资金项目(2022C043-2)

Subway truck express transport system based on improved modular A* optimization algorithm

Ming LIU1,2(),Si-wei CHEN1,Jun-jie WANG1,Yu-xuan LIANG1,Xiao-dong YU3()   

  1. 1.Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics,Changchun University of Technology,Changchun 130012,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computing and Knowledge Engineering,Ministry of Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130012
    3.Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Shanghai Sanda College,Shanghai 201209,China
  • Received:2024-12-03 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-08-12
  • Contact: Xiao-dong YU E-mail:liuming@ccut.edu.cn;xdyu@sandau.edu.cn

摘要:

为缓解城市交通运输压力,进一步提高运输效率,本文根据复杂交通网络节点理论设计评价指标,结合层次分析法的多目标决策方法(AHP-RatioMOORA)对地铁站点重要性进行排序并计算出权重,并根据重要性对地铁物流配送枢纽进行选址。同时,为解决传统优化算法在复杂约束条件下存在收敛困难、全局搜索能力差的问题,通过对A*算法进行结构化的改进,建立一种模块化的寻优算法,对地铁货车快递联运任务进行分析建模,并结合多种约束的改进目标函数对该任务进行实例分析。案例分析结果表明,本文所提出的方法相较于其他多种优化算法在地铁货车快递联运任务中有着显著提升,优化后最短物流运输距离平均缩小13.21%,物流订单完成时间平均缩短11.73%,算法运行时间平均缩短24.79%。

关键词: 城市交通, 地铁网络, A*算法, RadioMOORA模型, 遗传算法, 多目标协同优化

Abstract:

In order to alleviate the pressure of urban transportation, in order to further improve the transportation efficiency. This paper designs evaluation indexes according to the theory of complex transportation network nodes, combines the multi-objective decision-making method of hierarchical analysis (AHP-RatioMOORA), ranks the importance of subway stations and calculates the weights, and selects the location of subway logistics and distribution hubs according to the importance. In order to solve the traditional optimization algorithm in the complex constraints there are convergence difficulties, global search can be poor, this paper through the A* algorithm to improve the structure, the establishment of a modular optimization algorithm, the subway truck express intermodal task analysis modeling, combined with a variety of constraints of the improvement of the objective function of the task of the case study analysis. The results of the case study show that the method proposed in this paper has a significant improvement compared with other optimization algorithms in the subway truck express intermodal transport task, the shortest logistics transportation distance after optimization is reduced by 13.21% on average, the logistics order completion time is shortened by 11.73% on average, and the algorithm running time is shortened by 24.79% on average.

Key words: urban transportation, subway network, A* algorithm, RadioMOORA model, genetic algorithm, multi-objective collaborative optimization

图1

上海市地铁网络示意图"

图2

模块化A*算法流程图"

图3

改进A*算法2. 供需点就近匹配可抵达的配送点,并按可达配送枢纽的路由优先度从高到低接受,直到本轮货物送达地铁物流配送枢纽。3. 对各地铁物流配送枢纽,已经成功匹配的比较路由优先度和运输成本,根据结合层次分析法的多目标决策优化方法计算得到的权重比例,对各地铁物流配送枢纽评估,保留评分最高的地铁物流配送枢纽。4. 如果所有供需点都匹配到了配送点和地铁物流配送枢纽,或者发起匹配的次数达到了M×A×B次(M为需求点(寄件人位置节点和收件人位置节点的集合)数量,B为配送点数量,A为地铁物流配送枢纽数量)则停止匹配,按此时得到的匹配结果计算评分,判断是否满足输出条件,若不满足则返回步骤3,若满足条件则输出。结束输出"

表1

地铁货车物流系统参数设置"

参数含 义
A地铁站点,iA
B配送点jB
p寄件人p位置,pI
q收件人q位置,qL
C1货车单位距离行驶成本
C2地铁单位距离行驶成本
Spq1从寄件人p位置取货送至收件人q位置,货车所行驶的总距离
Spq2从寄件人p位置取货送至收件人q位置,地铁所行驶的总距离
dpq寄件人p位置到收件人q位置的距离长度
φ1未按寄件人预订的时间区间取件,单位时间惩罚系数
φ2未按收件人预订的时间区间送达,单位时间惩罚系数
Tp实际到寄件人p位置取到货物时间
Tq实际将货物到收件人q位置取件时间
Epi,Epj寄件人p预订的上门取件时间,其中Epi为最早取件时间,Epj为最迟取件时间
Eqi,Eqj寄件人q预订的上门取件时间,其中Eqi为最早取件时间,Eqj为最迟取件时间
U货车集合,vU
Gv货车v的最大载货量

表2

求解地铁货车快递运输问题相关决策变量"

决策变量含 义
xvpj从寄件人p位置配送订单货物到配送点j位置,货车不为空服务时为1,否则为0
xvji从配送点j配送订单货物到i地铁站,货车不为空服务时为1,否则为0
xviji地铁站将订单货物配送至j配送点使用货车v时不为空服务时为1,否则为0
xvjq将订单货物从j配送点配送至收件人q位置,货车v不为空服务时为1,否则为0。
yi1i2订单货物由地铁站i1转运至地铁站i2,该次列车不为空服务时为1,否则为0

表3

上海市地铁网络各地铁站路由优先度及连通地铁路线"

序号地铁站名称路由优先度连通的地铁路线
1曹杨路0.346 13、4、11、14号线
2金沙江路0.345 43、4、13号线
3静安寺0.345 22、7、14号线
????
445金海湖0.332 05号线
446东方绿舟0.331 717号线
447奉贤新城0.331 55号线

图4

上海市地铁网络地铁站节点路由优先度"

图5

上海市地铁网络逐条地铁线路由优先度"

表4

改造地铁站点选址"

序号改造中转站名称连通的地铁路线路由优先度
1曹杨路3、4、11、14号线1
2金沙江路3、4、13号线0.948 8
3静安寺2、7、14号线0.935 1
????
44南京东路2、10号线0.759 2

表5

物流订单配送信息"

序号寄件人位置重量/kg收件人位置
经度纬度上门取件时间区间经度纬度货物送达时间区间
131.368 1121.603 49:009:592.1631.338 2121.569 819:0019:59
231.437 2121.190 111:0011:592.8231.260 4121.581 413:0013:59
??????????
2031.400 4121.589 88:008:594.4831.124 5121.653 115:0015:59

表6

参数设置"

参 数数 值
初始种群规模200
最大迭代次数2 000
交叉概率0.6
变异概率0.05
未按时间窗取送件惩罚成本100
货车运输单位距离运输成本0.3
地铁运输单位距离运输成本0.5

图6

迭代过程"

表7

结合模块化A*算法前后各优化算法最短物流运输距离对比"

算法优化前距离/km优化后距离/km性能提升比率/%
EGA1 662.941 527.468.14
GGAP-SAP1 611.931 604.840.439
SEGA1 888.891 544.6918.22
steadyGA1 690.491 563.947.49
studGA1 618.561 544.024.61
Multi-SEGA3 245.421 576.7751.46
SGA1 575.851 543.112.07

表8

结合模块化A*算法前后各优化算法订单完成时间对比"

算法优化前订单完成时间/min优化后订单完成时间/min性能提升比率/%
EGA3 945.9773 624.5098.14
GGAP-SAP3 824.9413 808.1270.439
SEGA4 482.1423 665.38818.22
steadyGA4 011.3653 711.0747.48
studGA3 468.7573 663.788-5.62
Multi-SEGA7 701.0413 741.50551.41
SGA3 739.3263 661.6452.07

表9

结合模块化A*算法前后各优化算法运行时间对比"

算法优化前运行时间/s优化后运行时间/s性能提升比率/%
EGA40.60430.02626.05
GGAP-SAP38.46140.195-4.31
SEGA46.42839.80614.26
steadyGA27.7083.71686.58
studGA40.51940.4460.18
Multi-SEGA58.31837.32435.99
SGA35.32530.09014.82
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