吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 2350-2360.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250155

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇    

低碳导向的网约车合乘意愿及激励策略

吴文静1(),贾子曦1,贾洪飞1(),杨旭1,卢国范2   

  1. 1.吉林大学 交通学院,长春 130022
    2.吉林省地方海事局,长春 130016
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-07
  • 通讯作者: 贾洪飞 E-mail:wuwj@jlu.edu.cn;jiahf@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吴文静(1980-),女,教授,博士.研究方向:智能网联交通.E-mail:wuwj@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省教育厅科学研究项目(JJKH20241297KJ);吉林省交通运输技术提升与应用项目(2026-1-7)

Low⁃carbon oriented carpooling willingness and incentive strategies for ride⁃hailing services

Wen-jing WU1(),Zi-xi JIA1,Hong-fei JIA1(),Xu YANG1,Guo-fan LU2   

  1. 1.College of Transportation,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China
    2.Jilin Maritime Safety Administration,Changchun 130016,China
  • Received:2025-02-27 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-07
  • Contact: Hong-fei JIA E-mail:wuwj@jlu.edu.cn;jiahf@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

为推动城市交通方式的低碳转型,将合乘出行的碳减排收益以合乘价格折扣的形式反馈给乘客以激励网约车合乘行为,基于前景理论描述了激励策略下乘客的合乘出行意愿,以平台总利润最大化和乘客广义出行成本节约最大化为目标函数,考虑多人合乘匹配、平台利润、时间窗等约束条件,构建了激励策略下的乘客-网约车合乘匹配模型并进行模型求解。以厦门市网约车实际运营数据为例进行算例研究,从乘客、网约车平台视角分析激励策略对乘客广义出行成本、平台总利润及碳减排效果的影响过程。研究结果表明:激励策略对促进乘客由非合乘向合乘出行选择转移具有积极意义;以平台最优为目标可最大化碳减排效果,但通常会造成乘客过多地绕行;合乘价格折扣系数约在0.40时效果最佳,可最大化促成多人合乘时兼顾乘客及平台的利益。

关键词: 交通运输规划与管理, 低碳出行, 网约车合乘, 激励策略, 碳收益

Abstract:

To promote the low-carbon transformation of urban transportation, the carbon emission reduction benefits of carpooling were returned to passengers in the form of price discounts, so as to incentivize the ride-sharing behavior in ride?hailing services. Based on prospect theory, passenger carpooling willingness under the incentive strategy was modeled. A carpooling matching model incorporating incentive mechanisms was developed, with two objective functions: maximizing the platform's total profit and maximizing passengers' generalized travel cost savings. The model accounts for multi-passenger carpooling, platform profitability, and time window constraints were solved using an optimization approach. A case study was conducted using real-world operational data from ride-hailing services in Xiamen City. From the perspectives of both passengers and the platform, the impact of the incentive strategy on passengers' generalized travel cost, platform profitability, and carbon emission reduction are analyzed. The results indicate that the incentive strategy has a positive significance in promoting passengers to shift from non-carpooling to carpooling. A platform-optimized strategy maximizes the carbon emission reduction but may lead to excessive detours for passengers. A fare discount rate of approximately 0.40 is found to be optimal, effectively promoting multi-passenger ride-sharing while balancing the interests of both passengers and the platform.

Key words: transportation planning and management, low-carbon travel, ride-sharing, incentive strategy, carbon revenue

中图分类号: 

  • U121

图1

低碳导向的网约车合乘激励策略机制图"

表1

参数说明"

参数描述说明
ij乘客编号,i,j=1,2,,n
Qi乘客i的订单,QiQ
oidi乘客i出行的起点、终点
tiptia乘客i非合乘的出发、到达时刻
t?ipt?ia乘客i合乘的出发、到达时刻
t?i/h合乘模式下乘客i的出行时间
l?i/km乘客i完成合乘出行的距离
λ合乘价格折扣系数
c0cd0/元乘客、司机端基础里程价格
λnsλd/(元/km)乘客、司机端单位里程运价
L0/km基础里程阈值
βt/(元·h-1时间价值
βdβs延迟惩罚系数、不舒适系数
Qrr组乘客订单,rR,QrQ
OrDrr组乘客出行起点、终点序列
t?r,1pr组乘客的出发时刻
lrs/km组乘客的总行驶距离
δiδj/h乘客ij可接受的最大出发延迟
vˉ/(km·h-1车辆的平均行驶速度
pCO2/(元·kg-1单位质量碳排放量的交易价格

图2

不同乘车顺序下乘客出行时间示意图"

图3

两人合乘的组织形式"

图4

可合乘网络示意图"

图5

多人合乘组出行路径图"

表2

模型参数"

参数取值
L0/km2
乘客端起步价c0/元12
司机端起步价cd0/元11
乘客端单位里程运价λns/(元·km-12
司机端单位里程运价λd/(元·km-11.1
vˉ/(km·h-130
βs1.2
βt/(元·h-140
βd1.2
pCO2/(元·kg-114

图6

可行解数量图"

表3

合乘激励策略及其指标值"

指标乘客最优平台最优
合乘价格折扣系数0.400.55
合乘比例/%38.1759.01
广义出行成本节约/元1 537.921 503.25
乘车时间节约/h40.4663.79
乘客绕行总时间/h10.5626.89
碳减排量/kg212.57335.20
平台利润/元5 419.365 559.11

图7

折扣系数对合乘组规模及合乘比例的影响"

表4

数值变化情况"

折扣

系数

单独

出行组

两人

合乘组

三人

合乘组

四人

合乘组

合乘

比例/%

0.209892000.40
0.2594325005.04
0.30852607014.20
0.357369917225.88
0.4061412433838.17
0.45536127412046.02
0.50457133463353.98
0.55407111644359.01
0.60334120735066.36

图8

折扣系数对乘客广义出行成本节约的影响"

图9

折扣系数对网约车平台总利润的影响"

图10

路网碳排放强度示意图"

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