超大型立式浮顶储罐液⁃固耦合地震响应数值模拟分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250232

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 2421-2434.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250232

• 交通运输工程·土木工程 • 上一篇

超大型立式浮顶储罐液⁃固耦合地震响应数值模拟分析

董莉¹(),常卫^2,³,张博一^2,³(),王伟^2,³,郑文忠^2,³

^1.哈尔滨学院智能与建筑工程学院，哈尔滨 150086
^2.哈尔滨工业大学结构工程灾变与控制教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨 150090
^3.哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院，哈尔滨 150090

收稿日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-07
通讯作者: 张博一 E-mail:dongli610@163.com;zhangby@hit.edu.cn
作者简介:董莉（1979-），女，正高级工程师，硕士. 研究方向：组合结构. E-mail： dongli610@163.com
基金资助:
魁元实验室开放课题项目(KY2024034);黑龙江省科学基金-联合引导项目(LH2020E058);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(HIT.OCEF.2024053)

Simulation analysis on fluid⁃structure interaction seismic response of supersized atmospheric vertical floating roof oil storage tank

Li DONG¹(),Wei CHANG^2,³,Bo-yi ZHANG^2,³(),Wei WANG^2,³,Wen-zhong ZHENG^2,³

^1.School of Intelligence and Civil Engineering，Harbin University，Harbin 150086，China
^2.Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150090，China
^3.School of Civil Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150090，China

Received:2025-03-20 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-07
Contact: Bo-yi ZHANG E-mail:dongli610@163.com;zhangby@hit.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以实际工程中的原型储罐为研究对象，基于ANSYS平台构建有限元模型，系统分析了三向地震激励下罐体的动力响应特性、环形基础不均匀沉降对罐体结构的影响，以及长周期水平地震动诱发的罐内液体晃动波高变化规律。研究结果表明：在三向地震作用下，罐体加速度响应在罐底与罐顶区域均较为显著，水平加速度放大系数约为5；罐壁的水平变形与应力沿高度方向呈先上升后下降的趋势，最大值均出现在罐体中下部区域。在基础沉降作用下，罐底在环形沉降区中心处产生最大竖向位移；随着沉降范围扩大，罐壁最下圈板逐渐向内凹陷，罐底局部应力达到钢材屈服强度，引发塑性变形。若计入焊缝刚度与连接细节的影响，罐壁与罐底连接区域易发生局部屈曲或焊趾开裂等损伤模式。此外，即便峰值加速度较低，具有较长卓越周期的地震动仍可激发显著的液体晃动，导致较大的波高响应，这一现象可合理解释汶川地震期间西安某中石化油库因剧烈液体晃动引发结构卡滞与损坏的实际情况。本研究结论可为大型浮顶储油罐的抗震性能评估与优化设计提供理论支撑与工程参考。

关键词: 10万m³储油罐, 基础沉降, 长周期地震作用, 液体晃动波高

Abstract:

This study investigates a full-scale prototype tank from actual engineering practice， employing the ANSYS platform to develop a finite element model for a systematic analysis of the tank's dynamic response under three-component seismic excitation， the influence of non-uniform settlement of the annular foundation on structural behavior， and the sloshing wave height variation induced by long-period horizontal ground motions. The results indicate that under triaxial seismic excitation， the tank exhibits pronounced acceleration responses at both the base and the roof， with a horizontal acceleration amplification factor of approximately 5. The horizontal deformation and stress in the tank wall first increase and then decrease along the height， with peak values occurring in the lower-middle region of the tank. Under foundation settlement， the maximum vertical displacement at the tank base occurs at the center of the annular settlement zone， while the base edge exhibits a lifting-like warping deformation. As the settlement extent increases， the lowest shell course progressively buckles inward， and localized stresses at the tank base reach the yield strength of the steel， leading to plastic deformation. When weld stiffness and connection details are considered， the junction between the tank wall and base is susceptible to local buckling or toe-cracking damage modes. Furthermore， even ground motions with relatively low peak ground acceleration but long predominant periods can induce significant liquid sloshing， resulting in substantial wave height responses—this phenomenon provides a plausible explanation for the structural jamming and damage observed at a Sinopec oil depot in Xi'an during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake， which was attributed to intense liquid sloshing. The results of this study offer theoretical support and practical engineering references for seismic performance assessment and optimized design of large-scale floating-roof storage tanks.

Key words: 100 000 m³ oil storage tank, foundation settlement, long period seismic action, liquid sloshing wave height

中图分类号:

U441.4

董莉,常卫,张博一,王伟,郑文忠. 超大型立式浮顶储罐液⁃固耦合地震响应数值模拟分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2421-2434.

Li DONG,Wei CHANG,Bo-yi ZHANG,Wei WANG,Wen-zhong ZHENG. Simulation analysis on fluid⁃structure interaction seismic response of supersized atmospheric vertical floating roof oil storage tank[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2421-2434.

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	参数	数值
罐壁、罐底	杨氏弹性模量E/Pa	2.06×10¹¹
	泊松比v	0.3
	屈服应力σ_s/Pa	4.9×10⁸
	切线模量σ_l /Pa	2.06×10⁹
混凝土环墙	钢筋密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	7 800
	杨氏弹性模量E/Pa	2×10¹⁰
	泊松比v	0.2
	材料密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	2 500
	混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值f_c/Pa	1.43×10⁷
砂土垫层	杨氏弹性模量E/Pa	3×10⁸
	材料密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	1 900
	泊松比v	0.4
	摩擦角/（°）	31
液体	体积模量K	3×10⁹
	材料密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	850
	粘性系数/［（N·S）·m^-1］	0.002 28
浮顶	材料密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	100
	杨氏弹性模量E/Pa	2×10¹⁰
	泊松比v	0.3

径向尺寸 S/m	最大竖向位移/mm	最大径向位移/mm	罐底最大应力/MPa	罐壁最大应力/MPa
无沉降	47.9	0	—	241
2.0	229	54.6	354	241
2.5	404	58.65	483	284
3.0	503	—	490	—

超大型立式浮顶储罐液⁃固耦合地震响应数值模拟分析

Simulation analysis on fluid⁃structure interaction seismic response of supersized atmospheric vertical floating roof oil storage tank

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