吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1170-1178.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20260430

• 综述 • 上一篇    

垂体腺瘤肿瘤微环境下免疫与抗血管生成治疗的研究进展

安平旭,黄琪,洪新雨()   

  1. 吉林大学第一医院神经肿瘤外科,吉林 长春 130021
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 接受日期:2025-04-06 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 洪新雨 E-mail:hongxy@mails.jlu.edu
  • 作者简介:安平旭(1990-),男,吉林省松原市人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事神经肿瘤疾病基础和临床方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅自然科学基金会立项项目(20200201491JC);吉林省财政厅医疗卫生人才专项(JLSWSRCZX2023-24)

Research progress in immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy under pituitary adenoma tumor microenvironment

Pingxu AN,Qi HUANG,Xinyu HONG()   

  1. Department of Neurosurgery,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Accepted:2025-04-06 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-07-27
  • Contact: Xinyu HONG E-mail:hongxy@mails.jlu.edu

摘要:

垂体腺瘤(PA)是一种常见的原发性脑肿瘤,其肿瘤微环境(TME)在肿瘤的发生发展和治疗中起关键作用。TME由多种细胞成分组成,包括调节性T淋巴细胞(Tregs)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和基质细胞等。Tregs通过分泌抑制性细胞因子促进免疫逃逸和肿瘤进展,CTLs表现出双重作用,既能杀伤肿瘤细胞,也可能在某些情况下促进肿瘤生长。在PA中,B淋巴细胞中浸润数量较少,但其浸润与肿瘤的进展和预后相关。巨噬细胞主要以M2表型为主,通过分泌抑制性细胞因子、促血管生成因子和基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)等促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸及转移。基质细胞中的细胞外基质(ECM)和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)通过重塑TME,影响肿瘤的生长及侵袭。近年来,针对TME的免疫调节治疗和抗血管生成治疗取得一定进展。免疫检查点抑制剂在侵袭性垂体瘤中显示出一定疗效,而抗血管生成药物则通过抑制血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)来限制肿瘤生长。然而,现有治疗手段仍需进一步优化,以提高疗效和患者的生存质量。现综述PA中TME的细胞成分及其作用机制,总结现有免疫治疗和抗血管生成治疗进展,并探讨了未来的优化方向,旨在为PA的精准治疗提供参考。

关键词: 垂体腺瘤, 肿瘤微环境, 免疫检查点抑制剂, 抗血管生成治疗, 调节性T淋巴细胞, 巨噬细胞

Abstract:

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common primary brain tumor, and its tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in the occurence and development and treatment response of tumor. The TME consists of various cellular components, including regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), B lymphocytes, macrophages, and stromal cells. Tregs promote immune escape and tumor progression by secreting inhibitory cytokines, while CTLs exhibit dual roles, either killing tumor cells or, under certain conditions, facilitating tumor growth. B lymphocytes show limited infiltration in PA, but their presence is associated with tumor progression and prognosis. The macrophages predominantly exhibit the M2 phenotype, promoting immune evasion and metastasis through the secretion of inhibitory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors, and matrix metalloproteinase. Stromal components, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), remodel the TME and influence tumor growth and invasion. In recent years, immunomodulatory therapies and anti-angiogenic therapies targeting the TME have achieved some progress.The immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated certain efficacy in aggressive pituitary tumors, while anti-angiogenic drugs restrict tumor growth by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, current therapeutic strategies still require further optimization to improve efficacy and life quality of the patients. This review summarized the cellular components of TME in PA and their mechanisms, highlighted the advances in immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, and explored future optimization strategies, aiming to provide the insights for precision treatment of PA.

Key words: Pituitary adenoma, Tumor microenvironment, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Anti-angiogenic therapy, Regulatory T lymphocyte, Macrophage

中图分类号: 

  • R739.4