吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 693-704.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20170176
孙海涛1, 钟大康1, 李勇2, 毛亚昆1, 杨宪彰1,2
Sun Haitao1, Zhong Dakang1, Li Yong2, Mao Yakun1, Yang Xianzhang1,2
摘要: 库车坳陷克深地区白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩经过了漫长的埋藏过程和复杂的成岩演化,形成了一套超深低孔特低渗储层。本文详细描述了该储层的孔隙成因类型,并分析了其控制因素。通过鉴定大量铸体薄片和荧光薄片,并利用场发射扫描电镜与激光共聚焦显微镜等手段进行分析,综合考虑形态、规模和成因3个依据识别出8类孔隙和2类裂缝,认为该低孔特低渗储层为孔隙型储层,次生成因控制的孔隙占主导地位;并提出早期长时间浅埋藏及所处的碱性环境导致了弱压实及强胶结,后期的构造挤压进一步减孔,而晚期溶蚀虽是次生孔隙形成的主要原因,但其并未大规模有效改善储层的低孔现状。
中图分类号:
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Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014,25(12):1903-1912. 图版图版说明a.残余粒间孔,克深2-1-5井,6714.35 m,单片光,箭头所指的残余粒间孔,颗粒边缘平直、无溶蚀痕迹,孔隙多呈三角形,且粒间缺乏胶结物;b.残余粒间溶孔,克深207井,6797.91 m,激光共聚焦照片,箭头所指的孔隙具有左上至右下的定向性,且孔隙呈压扁状,内部见少量早期胶结物的残余;c.晚期粒间溶孔,克深201井,6509.67 m,激光共聚焦照片,箭头所指的孔隙中见到大量粒间胶结物,且胶结物边缘呈锯齿状或港湾状,具有溶蚀特征,整个孔隙未表现出受构造挤压影响的定向性和挤压变形特征,与图版b具有明显区别;d.晚期粒间溶蚀扩大孔,克深202井,6799.7 m,激光共聚焦照片,箭头所指的孔隙与图版c类似,但是孔径大,受溶蚀后颗粒边缘呈现凹凸状,但孔隙同样不具挤压变形特征和定向性;e.粒内溶孔,克深208井,6605.76 m,箭头所指的是颗粒内溶孔,长石或岩屑内部被溶(左侧,单片光),孔隙不规则,溶蚀强时会形成铸模孔,溶蚀弱时常形成微孔隙,荧光薄片(右侧)下易识别;f.杂基微孔和粒间微孔,克深2-1-5井,6717.10 m,左侧为普通铸体薄片单片光,箭头所指表明颗粒内,粒间杂基均被油气侵染,表明存在微孔隙,右侧为荧光薄片,在荧光薄片内清晰可见粒间微孔隙、杂基内微孔隙和粒内微孔;g.粒内微孔和裂缝,克深207井,6870.5 m,场发射扫描照片,箭头所指的粒内微孔为纳米级,且颗粒表面有网状缝,可作为喉道;h.张性缝,克深207井,6798 m,单片光,箭头所指为张性裂缝,沿裂缝溶蚀,裂缝两侧呈港湾状;i.高角度缝,克深8井,6736.38 m,岩心上的直劈缝;j.粒缘缝,克深8003井,6779.22 m,激光共聚焦照片,颗粒压实后,紧贴颗粒边缘形成粒缘缝,可作为有效的渗流通道。 |
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