龙门山断层破裂的频率非平稳特性

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20180087

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究地震过程中的频率非平稳特性，对近年来龙门山断层发生的两次大地震：汶川大地震和芦山大地震的近断层地震记录进行频谱分析。结果表明：相对于芦山地震有较大走向滑动分量的汶川地震，大多数位于汶川地震断层滑动前方的台站接收到更高的频率成分，位于断层滑动后方的台站接收到的地震波频率较低；尽管芦山地震断层相对汶川地震有较小的走向滑动分量，但仍然可以得出与汶川地震相同的结论，不同的是虽然芦山地震沿断层面向上方向分量大，但是其同一台站东西、南北、竖直三方向分量记录幅值相当。把芦山地震三分量记录变换到走向和沿断层面向上方向，证实了沿断层面向上方向高频成分更丰富。在断层滑动前方接收到的地震波频率较高，在断层滑动后方接收到的频率较低，这正是多普勒效应影响的结果。由于多普勒效应的客观存在，其对频率非平稳特性的影响与震源、传播路径和场地效应一样具有普遍性；所以，工程场地接收到的地震波的频率不仅取决于震源、传播路径、场地效应，还取决于断层滑动速度（多普勒效应）。

关键词: 地震, 频率非平稳特性, 多普勒效应, 龙门山断层

Abstract: In order to study the frequency non-stationary characteristics in seismic process, the frequency spectra were analyzed for the two major earthquakes occurred in Longmenshan fault in recent years. The near fault seismic records of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes show that compared to Lushan earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake has large strike-slip components. Most stations located in front of fault slip of Wenchuan earthquake received higher frequency components, while stations located behind fault slip received lower frequency components. Although Lushan seismic fault has the smaller strike-slip component than that of Wenchuan earthquake, the conclusions that are the same as Wenchuan earthquake can still be drawn. The difference is that although the dip-slip component of Lushan earthquake is large than that of Wenchuan earthquake, the amplitude of the three-direction components recorded in the same station match each other in magnitude. We transformed the three-component records of Lushan earthquake into the directon of strike-slip and upward direction along the fault plane, it is proved that the high-frequency components in the upward direction along the fault plane are more abundant. Higher seismic wave frequency is received in front of the fault slip and lower frequency is received behind the fault slip, which is the result of Doppler effect. Due to the objective existence of Doppler effect, its influence on frequency non-stationary characteristics is as universal as source, propagation path and site effect. Therefore, the seismic wave frequency received in engineering site depends not only on the source, propagation path, site effect, but also on the fault sliding velocity (Doppler effect).

Key words: earthquakes, non-stationary of frequency, Doppler Effect, Longmenshan fault

中图分类号:

P315.7

李启成, 郭雷, 何书耕, 齐庆杰. 龙门山断层破裂的频率非平稳特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2019, 49(3): 865-871.

Li Qicheng, Guo Lei, He Shugeng, Qi Qingjie. Frequency Non-Stationary Characteristics of Longmenshan Fault Rupture[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2019, 49(3): 865-871.

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