吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 1145-1159.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20180128
代丽艳1,2, 董宏丽1,2, 李学贵1,3
Dai Liyan1,2, Dong Hongli1,2, Li Xuegui1,3
摘要: 随着常规油气藏资源不断枯竭,非常规油气藏的勘探开发已逐渐成为一种必然趋势,从而使得微地震监测技术快速发展。微地震事件的发生持续时间短、声波频率高,使得实际采集到的微地震数据信噪比较低。本文首先简要介绍了微地震监测技术能够在非常规油气藏开发中保证高效的增产,以及微地震噪声压制在微地震监测技术数据处理流程中是关键一步,直接影响着后续微地震研究的准确性和可靠性;并对地面微地震监测数据中的噪声源进行分析,归纳了地面微地震监测中常见噪声:强脉冲干扰、工业交流电干扰、钻井干扰、声波干扰、规则干扰等,分析了其各自的基本特点。然后,概述了地面微地震数据去噪方法已取得的成果,按频率、传播方向、空间分布区域等特性进行分类,分析各种去噪方法在实际应用过程中针对的噪声类型,以及在去噪过程中对有效信号造成的影响等。最后,基于深度学习具有更强的复杂函数表征能力,分析了3种典型深度学习模型的结构及特点;结合在其他相关领域数据去噪问题的成功应用,深度学习可以解决目前微地震数据噪声压制存在的问题,可以作为微地震数据去噪的一种新方法;考虑到目前微地震数据样本数量可能影响深度学习在微地震监测中大规模的应用,本文提出用生成式对抗网络来构建微地震数据样本库以解决该问题,并将其用于后续深度学习过程中的模型训练。
中图分类号:
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