吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 898-908.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200040
谭晓淼1, 高锐1,2,3,4, 王海燕2, 侯贺晟3, 李洪强3, 匡朝阳5
Tan Xiaomiao1, Gao Rui1,2,3,4, Wang Haiyan2, Hou Hesheng3, Li Hongqiang3, Kuang Zhaoyang5
摘要: 深地震反射大炮数据能够准确地获得下地壳和Moho的精细结构及其横向变化信息,揭露岩石圈尺度的构造样式与深部过程。中亚造山带东段位于古亚洲洋、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋三大构造域的叠合区域,其岩石圈结构记录了大洋,特别是古亚洲洋消亡方式和大陆增生的深部过程。本文选用横过中亚造山带东段(奈曼旗—东乌珠穆沁旗,长约400 km)深地震反射剖面中的24个大炮数据和2个中炮数据,通过数据处理获得了近垂直反射的大炮单次剖面,揭露出中亚造山带东段下地壳及Moho的精细结构,刻画出古亚洲洋消亡极性与中亚造山带增生造山的深部过程:西拉木伦缝合带与贺根山缝合带构成古亚洲洋消亡的双缝合带,西拉木伦缝合带下方古亚洲洋板块以向南消亡为主,贺根山缝合带下方古亚洲洋板块以向北消亡为主,后者规模大于前者。在两个缝合带之间下地壳呈现出几个大规模的块状弧状反射体,推测是大洋中的残余微地块,在古亚洲洋消亡过程中拼接在一起,成为中亚造山带增生造山的一部分,并遭受了碰撞挤压和后造山伸展作用。Moho位于双程走时12 s附近(厚度约36 km),近于水平展布,沿整条剖面起伏不大。平缓的Moho成因与造山后的地壳伸展作用相关。
中图分类号:
[1] 王海燕, 高锐, 卢占武, 等. 深地震反射剖面揭露大陆岩石圈精细结构[J]. 地质学报, 2010, 84(6): 818-839. Wang Haiyan, Gao Rui, Lu Zhanwu, et al. Fine Structure of the Continental Lithosphere Circle Revealed by Deep Seismic Reflection Profile[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(6): 818-839. [2] Brown L, Barazangi M, Kaufman S, et al. The First Decade of COCORP: 1974-1984[C]//Barazangi M, Brown L. Reflection Seismology, A Global Perspecfive: Geodynnmics Series.Washington:American Geophysical Union, 1986: 107-120. [3] Clowes R, Cook F,Hajnal Z, et al. Canada’s LITHOPROBE Project (Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Geoscience Research Leads to New Understanding of Continental Evolution)[J]. Episodes, 1999, 22(1): 3-20. [4] Bois C, ECORS Scientific Party. Major Geodynamic Processes Studies from the ECORS Deep Seismic Profiles in France and Adjacent Areas[J]. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173: 397-410. [5] DEKORP Research Group. Results of Deep-Seismic Reflection Investigations in the Rhenish Massif[J]. Tectonophysics, 1990, 173: 507-515. [6] Gao R, Cheng X Z, Wu G J. Lithospheric Structure and Geodynamic Model of the Golmud-Ejin Transect in Northern Tibet[J]. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 1999, 328: 9-17. [7] Gao R, Huang D D, Lu D Y, et al. Deep Seismic Reflection Profile Across the Juncture Zone Between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains[J].Chinese Sci Bull, 2000, 45(24): 2281-2286. [8] Gao R, Lu Z W, Klemperer S L, et al. Crustal-Scale Duplexing Beneath the Yarlung Zangbo Suture in the Western Himalaya[J]. Nat Geosci, 2016, 9: 555-560. [9] Gao R, Hou H X, Cai X Y, et al. Fine Crustal Structure Beneath the Junction of the Southwest Tian Shan and Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Lithosphere, 2013, 5: 382-392. [10] 李洪强, 高锐, 王海燕, 等. 用近垂直方法提取莫霍面:以六盘山深地震反射剖面为例[J]. 地球物理学报, 2013, 56(11): 3811-3818. Li Hongqiang, Gao Rui, Wang Haiyan, et al. Extracting the Moho Structure of Liupanshan by the Method of Near Vertical Incidence[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophys, 2013, 56(11): 3811-3818. [11] 李洪强, 高锐, 王海燕, 等. 用深反射大炮对大巴山—秦岭结合部位的地壳下部和上地幔成像[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2014, 29(1): 102-109. Li Hongqiang, Gao Rui, Wang Haiyan, et al. Imaging the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath Between Qinling and Dabashan by Big Shots from Deep Seismic Reflection in China[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2014, 29(1): 102-109. [12] Li H Q, Gao R, Li W H, et al. The Moho Structure Beneath the Yarlung Zangbo Suture and Its Implications: Evidence from Large Dynamite Shots[J]. Tectonophysics, 2018, 747/748: 390-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.10.003. [13] Clowes R, Kanasewich E, Cumming G. Deep Crustal Seismic Reflections at Near-Vertical Incidence[J]. Geophysics, 1968, 33(3): 441-451. [14] Stern T, Henrys S, Okaya D, et al. A Seismic Reflection Image for the Base of a Tectonic Plate[J]. Nature, 2015, 518: 85-88. [15] Li J Y. Permian Geodynamic Setting of Northeast China and Adjacent Regions: Closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2006, 26: 207-224. [16] Zhou J B, Wilde S A. The Crustal Accretion History and Tectonic Evolution of the NE China Segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23: 1365-1377. [17] 张鹏辉,张小博,方慧,等. 地球物理资料揭示的嫩江—八里罕断裂中段深浅构造特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2020,50(1):261-272. Zhang Penghui, Zhang Xiaobo, Fang Hui, et al. Deep and Shallow Structural Characteristics of Middle Segment of Nenjiang-Balihan Fault Based on Geophysical Data[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2020, 50 (1): 261-272. [18] 谢樊, 王海燕, 侯贺晟,等.中亚造山带东段浅表构造速度结构:深地震反射剖面初至波层析成像的揭露[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2021, 51(2):584-596. Xie Fan, Wang Haiyan, Hou Hesheng,et al. Near-Surface Fine Velocity Structure in Eastern Segment of Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Revealed by First-Arrival Wave Tomography from Deep Seismic Reflection Profile[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2021, 51(2):584-596. [19] 周建波, 王斌, 曾维顺, 等. 大兴安岭地区扎兰屯变质杂岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其大地构造意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2014, 30(7): 1879-1888. Zhou Jianbo, Wang Bin, Zeng Weishun, et al. Detrital Zircon U-Pb Dating of the Zhalantun Metamorphic Complex and Its Tectonic Implications, Great Xing’an, NE China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014, 30(7): 1879-1888. [20] Wu F Y, Zhao G, Wilde S A, et al. Nd Isotopic Constraints on Crustal Formation in the North China Craton[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24(5): 523-545. [21] 张兴洲, 马玉霞, 迟效国, 等. 东北及内蒙古东部地区显生宙构造演化的有关问题[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(5): 1269-1285. Zhang Xingzhou, Ma Yuxia, Chi Xiaoguo, et al. Discussion on Phanerozoic Tectonic Evolution in Northeastern China[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2012, 42(5): 1269-1285. [22] Xu B, Zhao P, Wang Y, et al. The Pre-Devonian Tectonic Framework of Xing’an-Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB) in North China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 97: 183-196. [23] Liu Y J, Li W M, Feng Z Q, et al. A Review of the Paleozoic Tectonics in the Eastern Part of Central Asian Orogenic Belt[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 43: 123-148. [24] 周建波, 韩杰, Wilde S A, 等. 吉林—黑龙江高压变质带的初步厘定:证据和意义[J]. 岩石学报, 2013, 29(2): 386-398. Zhou Jianbo, Han Jie, Wilde S A, et al. A Primary Study of the Jilin-Heilongjiang High-Pressure Metamorphic Belt: Evidence and Tectonic Implications[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2013, 29(2): 386-398. [25] Wu F Y, Yang J H, Lo C H, et al. The Heilongjiang Group: A Jurassic Accretionary Complex in the Jiamusi Massif at the Western Pacific Margin of Northeastern China[J]. Island Arc, 2007, 16: 156-172. [26] Xu B, Wang Z W, Zhang L Y, et al. The Xing-Meng Intracontinent Orogenic Belt[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2018, 34(10): 2819-2844. [27] Song S G, Wang M M, Xu X, et al. Ophiolites in the Xing’an-Inner Mongolia Accretionary Belt of the CAOB: Implications for Two Cycles of Seafloor Spreading and Accretionary Orogenic Events[J]. Tectonics, 2015, 34: 2221-2248. [28] Xiao W J, Windley B F, Sun S, et al. A Tale of Amalgamation of Three Permo-Triassic Collage Systems in Central Asia: Oroclines, Sutures, and Terminal Accretion[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2015, 43(1): 477-507. [29] 唐克东. 中朝陆台北侧褶皱带构造发展的几个问题[J]. 现代地质, 1989, 2: 195-204. Tang Kedong. On Tectonic Development of the Fold Belts in the North Margin of Sino-Korean Platform[J]. Geoscience, 1989, 2: 195-204. [30] Sengör A M C, Natal’in B A, Burtman V S. Evolution of the Altaid Tectonic Collage and Paleozoic Crustal Growth in Eurasia[J]. Nature, 1993, 364: 209-307. [31] Sengör A M C, Natal’in B A. Paleotectonics of Asia: Fragments of a Synthesis[C]//Yin A, Harrison M. The Tectonic Evolution of Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996: 486-640. [32] Xiao W J, Windley B F, Hao J, et al. Accretion Leading to Collision and the Permian Solonker Suture, Inner Mongolia, China: Termination of the Centeral Asian Orogenic Belt[J]. Tectonics, 2003, 22: 1069-1089. [33] 张兴洲, 杨宝俊, 吴福元, 等. 中国兴蒙—吉黑地区岩石圈结构基本特征[J].中国地质,2006, 33(4): 816-823. Zhang Xingzhou, Yang Baojun, Wu Fuyuan, et al. The Lithosphere Structure in the Hingmong-Jihei(Hinggan-Mongolia-Jilin-Heilongjiang)Region, Northeastern China[J]. Geology in China, 2006, 33(4): 816-823. [34] 刘永江, 张兴洲, 金巍, 等. 东北地区晚古生代区域构造演化[J]. 中国地质, 2010, 37(4): 943-951. Liu Yongjiang, Zhang Xingzhou, Jin Wei, et al. Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution in Northeast China[J]. Geology in China, 2010, 37(4): 943-951. [35] 周建波, 曾维顺, 曹嘉麟, 等. 中国东北地区的构造格局与演化: 从500Ma到180Ma[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2012, 42(5): 1298-1316, 1329. Zhou Jianbo, Zeng Weishun, Cao Jialin, et al. The Tectonic Framework and Evolution of the NE China: from ~500Ma to ~180Ma[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2012, 42(5): 1298-1316, 1329. [36] Clowes R, Baird D, Dehler S. Crustal Structure of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Southwestern British Columbia, from Potential Field and Seismic Studies[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011, 34(3): 317-335. [37] Guo X Y, Li W H, Gao R, et al. Nonuniform Subduction of the Indian Crust Beneath the Himalayas[J]. Scientific Reports,2017,7(1): 12497. |
[1] | 谢樊, 王海燕, 侯贺晟, 高锐. 中亚造山带东段浅表构造速度结构——深地震反射剖面初至波层析成像的揭露[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2021, 51(2): 584-596. |
[2] | 孙海瑞, 吕志成, 于晓飞, 李永胜, 杜泽忠, 吕鑫, 公凡影. 甘肃柳园地区早二叠世正长花岗斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征——对北山造山带晚古生代构造背景的指示[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2020, 50(5): 1433-1449. |
[3] | 吕斌, 王涛, 童英, 张磊, 杨奇荻, 张建军. 中亚造山带东部岩浆热液矿床时空分布特征及其构造背景[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2017, 47(2): 305-343. |
[4] | 韩松, 刘国兴, 韩江涛. 华南地区进贤-柘荣剖面深部电性结构[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016, 46(6): 1837-1846. |
[5] | 邵济安, 张履桥, 牟保磊. 中亚造山带东段铀、钼矿床分布与中间地块的关系[J]. J4, 2011, 41(6): 1667-1675. |
[6] | 李化启, 梁一鸿, 马瑞, 许志琴. 含熔体差应力状态下中下地壳岩石的变形结构与物质迁移[J]. J4, 2009, 39(2): 262-0268. |
[7] | 关会梅,刘俊来,赵胜金. 变形角闪质岩石流动变形及其意义--以辽东古元古宙褶皱带变形斜长角闪岩为例[J]. J4, 2008, 38(5): 777-0783. |
[8] | 郑洪伟, 贺日政. 多玛-德庆-达孜断面壳幔密度结构特征[J]. J4, 2006, 36(01): 113-0116. |
|