吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 553-568.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190262
张新荣1,2,3, 焦洁钰1,2,3
Zhang Xinrong1,2,3, Jiao Jieyu1,2,3
摘要: 分布于全球中高纬度的黑土因性状好、肥力高,对全球农业生产起着重要作用。自19世纪以来,世界黑土形成与演化研究蓬勃发展,然而不同地区黑土的定义、特征、分类和研究程度不尽相同,这在一定程度上制约了黑土生产力影响因素的研究,有碍于黑土资源的可持续利用。本文系统整理了全球黑土研究,分析了黑土的定义、特征、分类、形成与演化特点,探讨了黑土形成与演化的科学研究方法及发展趋势。广义的黑土主要包括黑土、黑钙土、草甸土、白浆土、暗棕壤、棕壤等,其形成主要由气候、地形地貌、植被、成土母质和水文五大自然因素控制,各种因素使黑土在性质上发生分异,形成不同的黑土类型,土壤性质呈现出一定差异和规律特征;目前学者们利用地球化学分析、孢粉分析、粒度分析等实验方法对黑土形成环境进行反演模拟,利用模型构建、光谱分析、地理信息技术图像解译及联网动态监测等先进科学手段对黑土退化进行模型预测,为保护黑土地提供坚实理论基础。
中图分类号:
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