Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ›› 2015, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 899-907.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201503205

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Chemographs of Karst Water System and Its New Application in Hydrogeological Survey

Jiang Guanghui1,2, Guo Fang1,2, Yu Shi1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR and GZAR, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2014-08-06 Published:2015-05-26

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Abstract:

Six karst water systems in Southwest China are selected for comparison study, in order to find out the relationship between spring chemographs and their hydrogeological characters. The six karst springs are S31 in Yaji experimental site, Maocun subterranean river, Guancun subterranean river, Chenqi spring, Qingmuguan subterranean river, and Shuifang spring in Jinfo Mt. Some important results are summarized. The repeated chemograph changes in springs were found through continuous auto-monitoring of pH, temperature, specific electrical conductivity (SPC) and other indexes. There are some common differences in chemographs impacted by intrinsic and extrinsic properties of the system. Firstly, recharge from rainfall leads to changes in discharge and water-rock interaction. Secondly, the CO2 recharge with infiltration promotes the karst process. Finally, contaminate leaching from surface also has impact on water chemistry. When the SPC, pH, water temperature, and saturation index of calcite (SIc) decrease after rainfall recharge event, it indicates the occurrence of dilution process. When the SPC together with other indexes show peaks after rainfall recharge, it indicates CO2 effect caused by seepage recharge from epikarst water dissolved with CO2 in soil. When the chemographs are found lagging behind the change of hydrograph, piston flow effect occurs. Eluviation effect occurs when the ions related to human activities increase after rainfall recharge. This can be explained by the contaminant distinctly input from the surface washing, and probably have influence on variation trend of SPC. Chemographs of karst water system tend to have several effects frequently, and the mutual types are different, suggesting that different strong or weak impact on karst water by diffusion or concentration recharge from rainfall recharge, and the difference in runoff pattern and regulation and storage mechanism. In general, karst water system which is dominated by diffusion recharge, usually presents more CO2 effect in chemographs, and less dilution effect. In karst water system with strong karstification, rainfall recharge is controlled by solution fissure and conduits. Their chemographs presents more in dilution effect, while less in CO2 effect. Karst systems dominated by concentration recharge are easily to have piston flow effect. However, the variation of water chemistry is weakened in systems when they have big thickness of vadose zone and high storage capacity of aquifer.

Key words: karst water system, chemograph, aquifer recharge, hydrogeological survey, subterranean river

CLC Number: 

  • P641.134

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