Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 185-193.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190049

Previous Articles    

Influence of Initial Soil Moisture on Breaching Mechanism of Natural Dam

Jiang Xiangang1,2, Wu Lei1   

  1. 1. School of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610041, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences), Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2019-02-25 Published:2020-02-11
  • Supported by:
    Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41807289)and Project of Education Department of Sichuan Province(18ZA0374)

Abstract: The breaching process of natural dams is influenced by many factors. However, it is still unclear about the effects of initial soil moisture on the discharge hydrograph and breach evolution. In this study, we conducted several laboratory tests to study how the initial soil moisture influences the breaching process of natural dams. The results show that there were three periods with different breaching characteristics in the breaching process with different initial soil moistures, namely the tractive erosion, the backward erosion, and the water and sand movement rebalance. The peak discharge increased with the increase of initial soil moisture. However, the breaching duration and dam height after dam failure decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture. The intensity of backward erosion decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture;in contrast, the tractive erosion enhanced with the increase of initial soil moisture. The greater the initial soil moisture was, the larger the incision rate was, and the incision rate increased slowly when the initial soil moisture was less than 7.8%, otherwise the incision rate increased quickly. In addition, the average incision rate at an initial water content of 10.3% was twice that of the initial water content of 7.8%. The ratio of breach width to depth decreased as the initial soil moisture increased before the last period. The ratio of breach width to depth after dam failure decreased with the increasing of initial soil moisture, which tended to be 1.00 and then less than 1.00 with increasing of the initial soil moisture.

Key words: initial soil moisture, natural dam, overtopping failure

CLC Number: 

  • P642.22
[1] Costa J E, Schuster R L. Formation and Failure of Natural Dams[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1988, 100(7):1054-1068.
[2] Casagli N, Ermini L, Rosati G. Determining Grain Size Distribution of the Material Composing Landslide Dams in the Northern Apennines:Sampling and Processing Methods[J]. Engineering Geology, 2003, 69(1):83-97.
[3] Korup O. Recent Research on Landslide Dams:A Literature Review with Special Attention to New Zealand[J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2002, 26(2):206-235.
[4] Miller B G N,Cruden D M. The Eureka River Landslide and Dam, Peace River Lowlands, Alberta[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2002, 39(4):863-878.
[5] Dai F C, Lee C F, Deng J H, et al.The 1786 Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Dam and Subsequent Dam-Break Flood on the Dadu River, Southwestern China:Reply[J]. Geomorphology, 2005, 65(3):205-221.
[6] Costa J E. The Formation and Failure of Natural Dams[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1988, 100(7):1054-1068.
[7] Morris M, Hanson G, Hassan M. Improving the Accuracy of Breach Modelling:Why are We not Progressing Faster?[J]. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 2008, 1(3):150-161.
[8] Cao Z, Yue Z, Pender G. Landslide Dam Failure and Flood Hydraulics:Part I:Experimental Investigation[J]. Nature Hazards, 2011, 59(2):1003-1019.
[9] Frank P J. Hydraulics of Spatial Dike Breaches[D]. Zurich:ETH Zurich, 2016.
[10] Walder J S, Iverson R M, Godt J W, et al. Controls on the Breach Geometry and Flood Hydrograph During Overtopping of Noncohesive Earthen Dams[J]. Water Resources Research, 2015, 51(8):6701-6724.
[11] Rifai I,Erpicum S, Archambeau P, et al. Overtopping Induced Failure of Noncohesive, Homogeneous Fluvial Dikes[J]. Water Resources Research,2017, 53(4):3373-3386
[12] Coleman S E, Andrews D P, Webby M G. Overtopping Breaching of Noncohesive Homogeneous Embankments[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2004, 128(9):829-838.
[13] Zhu Y H, Visser P J,Vrijling J K, et al. Experimental Investigation on Breaching of Embankments[J]. Science in China:Series E:Technological Sciences, 2011, 54(1):148-155.
[14] Schmocker L, Frank P J, Hager W H. Overtopping Dike-Dreach:Effect of Grain Size Distribution[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2014, 52(4):559-564.
[15] Xiangang J, Jiahua H, Yunwei W, et al.The Influence of Materials on the Breaching Process of Natural Dams[J]. Landslides, 2018, 15(2):243-255.
[16] 付建康,罗刚,胡卸文.滑坡堰塞坝越顶溢流破坏的物理模型实验[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2018,48(1):203-212. Fu Jiankang, Luo Gang, Hu Xiewen. Physical Model Experiment on Overtopping Overflow Failure of Landslide Dam[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018,48(1):203-212.
[17] Al-Riffai M. Experimental Study of Breach Mechanics in Overtopped Noncohesive Earthen Embankments[D]. Ottawa:Ottawa University, 2014.
[18] Jiang X, Wei Y, Wu L, et al.Laboratory Experiments on Failure Characteristics of Non-Cohesive Sediment Natural Dam in Progressive Failure Mode[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2019, 78(17):538.
[19] Winterwerp J C, van Kesteren W G M. Introduction to the Physics of Cohesive Sediment in the Marine Environment[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2004.
[20] 四川省水利水电厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:四川省水利水电厅水文总站出版社, 1984. Water Resources Department of Sichuan Province. Storm Flood Computation Handbook of Small Watershed in Sichuan Province[M]. Chengdu:Books Press of Hydrological Terminus in Sichuan Province Water Resources and Power Authority,1984.
[21] van Emelen S, Zech Y, Soares-Frazao S. Impact of Sediment Rransport Formulations on Breaching Modelling[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2015, 53(1):60-72.
[22] 陈海明, 班凤其, 刘小伟. 非饱和土抗剪强度指标cФ值与含水量ω的关系[J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,29(6):736-738. Chen Haiming, Ban Fengqi, Liu Xiaowei. Relationship Between Water Content ω and Unsaturated Soil Shear Strength Indices c and Ф[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology (Natural Science), 2006,29(6):736-738.
[23] 周春梅, 赵子鹏, 鲁阳. 含水量对滑带土强度变形参数及滑坡稳定性的影响[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2016,36(2):213-219. Zhou Chunmei, Zhao Zipeng, Lu Yang. The Influence of Water Content on Strength and Deformation Parameters of Sliding Zone and Slope Stability[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2016,36(2):213-219.
[24] Cividini A, Gioda G. Finite Element Approach to the Erosion and Transport of Fine Particles in Granular Soils[J]. International Journal Geomechanics, 2004, 3(4):191-198.
[25] Papamichos E, Vardoulakis I. Sand Erosion with a Porosity Diffusion Law[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2005, 32(1):47-58.
[26] 唐建一,徐东升,刘华北.含石量对土石混合体剪切特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):93-102. Tang Jianyi, Xu Dongsheng, Liu Huabei. Effect of Gravel Content on Shear Behavior of Sand-Gravel Mixture[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2018,39(1):93-102.
[27] Huang C H, Laflen J M, Bradford J M. Evaluation of the Detachment-Transport Coupling Concept in the WEPP Rill Erosion Equation[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1996, 60(3):734.
[28] Annandale G W. Scour Technology:Mechanics and Engineering Practice[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill, 2006:430.
[1] Lin Jian, Zhang Qifei, Long Wanxue, Zhang Hongwei. Multi-Model Fusion Method for Landslide Early Warning Based on Early Warning Membership Function [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2019, 49(2): 477-484.
[2] Chen Yongzhen, Wu Bin, Yang Fan, Wu Gang, Weng Yang. Coupled Numerical Simulation of Seepage and Deformation of Interceptingand Drainaging Water with Compressed Air [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2019, 49(2): 485-492.
[3] Chen Yongzhen, Wu Gang, Sun Hongyue, Shang Yuequan. Numerical Simulation of the Efficiency of Intercepting Water with Compressed Air in the Treatment of Landslide [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(5): 1427-1433.
[4] Zhao Jintong, Niu Ruiqing, Yao Qi, Wu Xueling. Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Aided by SAR Data [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(4): 1182-1191.
[5] Fu Jiankang, Luo Gang, Hu Xiewen. Physical Model Experiment on Overtopping Overflow Failure of Landslide Dam [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(1): 203-212.
[6] Tan Fulin, Hu Xinli, Zhang Yuming, He Chuncan, Zhang Han. Calculation Method of Landslide Thrust Considering Progressive Failure Process [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(1): 193-202.
[7] Hong Yong, Che Xiaowen, Zheng Xiaoyu, Liu Peng, Zhou Rong. Fast Shear Behavior of Saturated and Dry Loess at South Plateau Landslide of Jingyang, Shaanxi [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(4): 1207-1218.
[8] An Yuke, Wu Weijiang, Zhang Wen, Yao Qingqing, Song Jian, Zhang Honghong. Crack Control Design Method of Anti-Slide Pile and Engineering Application [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(1): 171-178.
[9] Zhang Yanjun, Zhang Tong, Yin Renchao, Zheng Jie, Liu Tong, Xie Yangyang. Geothermal Anomaly Areas Exploration and Ground Temperature Prediction Based on 2-Meter Temperature Survey [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2017, 47(1): 189-196.
[10] Liu Xiaobo, Liu Shaofeng, Lin Chengfa. Analysis of Depositional Characteristics of Tuchengzi Formation and BasinEdge Structures,ChichengXuanhua Basin, Northwestern Hebei Province [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(5): 1297-1311.
[11] Du Fangpeng, Wang Jianqiang, Niu Junqiang, Tan Furong, Yang Chuang, Yan Mingming. Characteristics and Its Significance of Soft Sedimentary Deformations of the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation in Southeastern Qiangtang Block [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(3): 661-670.
[12] Wang Changming, Chang Gaoqi, Wu Qian, Li Wentao. Pile-Soil Interaction Mechanism and a Method to Determine Vertical Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Pipe Pile [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(3): 805-813.
[13] Peng Ling, Xu Suning, Peng Junhuan. Regional Landslide Risk Assessment Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2016, 46(1): 175-186.
[14] Xiong Xiaoliang,Sun Hongyue,Zhang Shihua,Cai Yueliang. Analysis of Condition of Ensuring High-Lift Siphon Drainage and Numerical Simulation of Choice of Optimum Diameter [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(5): 1595-1601.
[15] Han Ge,Gong Wei,Wu Ting,Zhao Yannan. A Stage-Divided Method for Landslide Deformation Prediction by Using Rough Set [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(3): 925-931.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!