Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 553-568.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190262

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Formation and Evolution of Black Soil

Zhang Xinrong1,2,3, Jiao Jieyu1,2,3   

  1. 1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130026, China;
    3. Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Coexistent Energy Minerals of Jilin Province, Changchun 130061, China
  • Received:2019-12-09 Online:2020-03-26 Published:2020-03-31
  • Supported by:
    Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371202)

Abstract: Black soil in middle and high latitudes is an important "stabilizer" for global agricultural production due to its high fertility and other good properties. The study of the formation and evolution of black soil in the world has flourished since the 19th century. However, the definition, characteristics, classification and research degree of black soil in different areas are different, which restricts the research of the influencing factors of black soil productivity and hinders the sustainable utilization of black soil resources to a certain extent. In this paper, the global black soil researches were systematically sorted out, the definition, characteristics, classification, and formation and evolution of black soil were analyzed, and the scientific research methods and development trend of black soil formation and evolution were discussed. Broad sense black soil includes mainly black soil and chernozem, meadow soil, albic soil, dark brown soil, and brown soil, etc. Its formation is mainly controlled by five natural factors:climate, topography, vegetation, soil parent material, and hydrology. The factors make the black soil different in nature and forming types, and the soil properties show certain different characteristics. The experiments such as spherical chemical analysis, sporopollen analysis, and particle size analysis are used to simulate the formation environment of black soil. Advanced scientific methods, such as model construction, spectral analysis, geographic information technology, image interpretation, and dynamic monitoring are used to predict the degradation of black soil, and the results provide a solid theoretical basis for the protection of black land.

Key words: black soil, formation mechanism, evolution pattern, research methods

CLC Number: 

  • S151.3
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