Abstract: Deep continental scientific drilling is essential for directly sampling Earth’s interior and unraveling the mechanisms of continental formation and evolution. The sophistication of such equipment reflects a country’s capability in deep Earth exploration. This paper systematically reviews the development status, core challenges, and future trends in key technologies for deep scientific drilling equipment, with a focus on extreme downhole conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, and high load. Through literature review and case studies(including the Kola Superdeep Borehole, the Continental Deep Drilling Program of Germany(KTB),Songke-2 Well of China, and Well Shendi Take-1 of China)this paper analyzes critical technical issues such as precise weight-on-bit control, wireline coring, efficient tripping, drilling fluid cooling and circulation, and intelligent operation and maintenance. China has domestically developed systems like the “Crust-1” 10 000-meter rig and the Well Shendi Take-1 project have reached world-class levels in core quality and automation, achieving breakthroughs in top drive systems, wireline coring winches, automated wellhead equipment, and intelligent mud control. Nevertheless, gaps remain in high-temperature/high-pressure sensing, dynamic sealing in ultra-deep holes, and intelligent decision-making models. Future drilling equipment should evolve toward automation, intelligence, environmental sustainability, modularity, and rig-free downhole self-propulsion. Promote the evolution of drilling equipment from conventional mechanical tools to “intelligent probes” with geological sensing capabilities. This will provide crucial technological and equipment support for China’s deep resource exploration and energy security.

Key words: ultra-deep scientific drilling, weight on bit control, wireline coring, drilling rig automation, intelligent control of drilling rig, Crust-1