Abstract:

The specific engineering geological conditions and surrounding rock characteristics of the Guge Kingdom ruins in Tibet are analyzed based on the field investigation, engineering geological exploration and laboratory experiment. The patterns of deformation and failure of caverns which were constructed in the ruins slope are classified into five major categories including eleven types such as roof destructive form, wall destructive form, entrance destructive form, floor destructive form and factitious destructive form, and the former two categories are the most common. Four major categories including nine types of mechanism causing to the deformation and failure of caverns are further put forward, mainly with structural pattern, water physical pattern, stress pattern and compound pattern, which the jointed type, water physical type, hydraulic type, and engineering deviatoric stress play a dominant role. Therefore, the strengthening principles of “safety first, cultural relics preservation, key strengthening, both prevention and treatment, environmental coordination” are brought forward pertinently. Finally, the integrated strengthening countermeasures are put forward in terms of cavern and dangerous rock mass strengthening and treatment and environmental improvement.

Key words: cavern, engineering geology, stability, pattern of deformation and failure, mechanism of deformation and failure, strengthening countermeasures