The east side of Huilu low uplift is Lufeng south hydrocarbon rich depression. In order to clarify the source and sedimentary reservoir distribution law on the east side of the low uplift, the research comprehensively uses the drilling and 3D seismic data to restore the ancient source area, describe the source to sink system elements, predict the plane distribution of sand rich sedimentary bodies, and discuss the control factors of sand body differential enrichment. The results show that Huilu low uplift develops a complete source and sink system controlled by paleogeomorphology. The lower Wenchang Formation of Paleogene in the study area can be further divided into eight uplift group units: A-H. On the basis of paleogeomorphology restoration, the eight uplift group units can be divided into 17 source and sink systems composed of independent watersheds and corresponding sedimentary areas. Among them, six independent source and sink systems composed of Watershed 1-6 are developed on the east side of Huilu low uplift, and Watershed  2, 4, and 6 have a large denudation range and denudation strength, and a large number of water systems, which are relatively concentrated. They are the main dominant source supply areas. The large denudation area, granite and volcanic rocks in Watershed 2 (eastern gentle slope of Lufeng 13 east sag) provide the material basis for the development of a large braided river delta and high quality reservoirs. The advantageous convergence of multiple water systems provides good development conditions for high-quality underwater distributary channel sandstone reservoirs.

The distribution pattern of volcanic rocks in a scale of fault depression requires a unified analysis, starting from the deep magma chamber, to the transport system, and then to the eruption and distribution. However, the dominating of individual factor analyses in research process generally leads to an insufficient understanding. To fully understand the spatial distribution of the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation volcanic rocks in Changling faulted depression, the controlling effects of the magma chamber and ascending pathways are analyzed based on drilling data, seismic data and deep structures. The results are as follows: Laterally, the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation exhibit characteristics of east-west zonation and north-south blockiness, concentrating in the central depression zone. Horizontal fault throw is a sensitive parameter for determining the development of volcanic rocks, while vertical fault throw has a more significant impact on volcanic rock thickness. Faults are only a necessary condition for the development of volcanic rocks, not a sufficient one. The distribution of volcanic rocks is also constrained by up-doming of the asthenosphere and thinning zones in the crust due to extension. Volcanic material filling corresponds to the basin subsidence center in general. When the volume of volcanic rocks is limited, hydrocarbon source rocks can form a good source-reservoir combination with volcanic rocks. However, when the volume of volcanic rocks is large, it significantly reduces the deposition space for fine-grained sedimentary rocks and limits the spatial extension of hydrocarbon source rocks.

In order to analyze the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic transition and its significance for oil and gas distribution in the southern Jizhong depression， based on seismic data, geological structure characteristics, structure evolution and tectonic transfer of the southern Jizhong depression are analyzed, at the same time, the geological significance for petroleum exploration are discussed. The study shows the differences in the geological structure and evolution on the two sides of the Hengshui accommodation zone (HAZ). The northern part of the HAZ is characterized by a half-graben controlled by double detachment faults with opposite dips, and the southern part of the HAZ is characterized by a compound half-graben controlled by a single detachment fault with multiple faults. The Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the southern Jizhong depression can be divided into the following five periods: basement evolution stage (Mesozoic), initial rift evolution stage (Ek-Es4), strong rift evolution stage (Es3-Es2), weak rift evolution stage (Es1-Ed) and post-rift evolution stage (after Ng). The southern Jizhong depression has experienced a tectonic transition from basement NNE structural systems to Cenozoic NE systems, and the change of the stress field during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic is the dynamic reason for the formation of multi-directional complex structures. The Cenozoic transition affects the distribution of effective source rocks by affecting the migration of troughs, and influences reservoir sand distribution by controlling sand entry channels. The gradient change of displacement of main faults during structural transformation results in transverse anticline forming a favorable position indicating oil and gas enrichment. The transform structures formed by the tectonic transfer in different scales have a certain exploration potential.

Shale is mainly composed of organic kerogen and inorganic clay minerals, and the adsorption of kerogen and clay minerals on CH4 is the main source of shale adsorbed gas. In order to study the adsorption behavior of CH4, competitive adsorption behavior of CH4-CO2 and the law of CO2 embedding in inorganic clay minerals, using Na-montmorillonite to characterize clay minerals in shale, and using Lammps software to simulate fluid adsorption at different pressures, temperatures and pore sizes based on the grand canonical Monte Carlo method. The results show that with the increase of pressure, the excess adsorption capacity of CH4 increases first and then decreases at each pore size, and reaches a peak value between 11 and 12 MPa. With the increase of temperature, the excess adsorption amount of CH4 decreased gradually at each pore size. With the increase of pore size, the excess adsorption amount of CH4 decreased gradually. At small pore size, CH4 mainly exists in the form of adsorption in Na-montmorillonite, and with the increase of pore size, the adsorption state and the free state of CH4 coexist in Na-montmorillonite, and the action type of Na-montmorillonite on CH4 is physical adsorption. The CO2 displacement efficiency increases with the increase of initial CO2 pressure and pore size. CO2 storage decreases with increasing temperature, increases with increasing injection pressure, and decreases with increasing pore size. The competitive adsorption ratio of CO2 and CH4 decreased with the increase of pressure and increased with the increase of pore size.

Na’e small pegmatitic beryllium deposit has recently been proved in the western Yunnan Province. The ore bodies are found in garnet and albitite granite pegmatite dikes within monzonitic granite. These ore bodies range from 100-1 150 m in length, 0.43-3.70 m in thickness ,and contain BeO, Ta2O5, Rb2O in concentrations of 0.007%-1.790%, 0.003 2%-0.053 3% and 0.041%-0.317%, respectively. The mainly major useful element in the ore is beryllium, associated with tantalum and rubidium. Some few ore mainly contains tantalum, and associated with beryllium and rubidium. The ore minerals include beryl, niobium tantalite, muscovite and K-feldspar. The beryl-bearing pegmatite is a siginificant prospecting indicator in the area, followed by garnet bearing albionite pegmatite. EPMA results show that beryl falls into the alkali-free beryl to low alkali beryl. The molecular formula for beryl is Be2.8928-2.9481Al1.9766-2.0225Si6O18. Muscovite contains w(Li2O) 0.500 1%-2.427 9% and w(Rb2O) 0.730 3%-2.304 2%, belonging to muscovite-polysilica muscovite-Li-rich muscovite. K-feldspar has a high w(Rb2O) content of 0.486 1%-1.033 4%, with a molecular formula of K0.8932-0.9713 \[Al1.0013-1.0151 Si2.9809-2.9990O8\]. Energy spectrum of garnet is characterized by the development of Mn and Fe bipeaks, mainly spessartine (Spe) and almandine (Alm), with spessartine accounting for 67.02%-69.07%, indicating a magmatic origin of spessartine. Beryllium is mainly occurred in beryl, rubidium in K-feldspar and muscovite, and lithium in muscovite-polysilica muscovite-Li-rich muscovite. The composition of muscovite and berylite shows that lithium was not initially enriched in granitic magmas in the Na’e  area, but the late pegmatite evolution involving highly enriched F-Li fluid activity in magmas played an important factor in the abnormal enrichment of rare metals in this area.

Heilongjiang Yongxin gold deposit is located at the intersection of the Xing’an and Songnen blocks in the eastern section of the Xingmeng orogenic belt. It is a large-scale gold deposit newly discovered. In order to in-depth explore the metallogenic potential of the periphery and depth of the Yongxin gold deposit, based on the analysis of typical deposits, audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding and combined gravity and magnetic profiles, the three-dimensional geological modeling software Creatar XModeling was used to construct three geological model models of the region and the deposit. The three-dimensional morphology of the main ore-controlling geological bodies was depicted, and the deep structural geological characteristics of the area, the spatial distribution characteristics of the ore bodies, and the relationship with geological elements were revealed. Then, using the cube prediction model prospecting method, according to the weight of evidence method, multi-source information such as geology and geophysics of the study area was fused, eight deep prospecting prediction targets were delineated. The drilling verification of some of these deep targets area obtained multiple mineralization information, which verified the accuracy and reliability of this deep prediction, indicating significant metallogenic potential in the deep part of the study area.

There are two sets of meta-volcanic series scattered among the Sinian-Ordovician in  Gengji and Banqiao area of Zaoyang City, northern Hubei Province, Northern Yangtze craton. Their attribution is disputed by the Wudang Group and Huashan Group, and has lacked in-depth research for a long time. Through systematic field investigation, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis, we propose that the meta-volcanic series in the Gengji area were mainly light gray and grayish white metamorphic acidic pebbly pyroclastic tuff, crystalline tuff, vitroclastic tuff and siltstone, associated with the siliceous striated stromatolite dolomite of the Dagushi Group. The zircon age for the metamorphic pyroclastic tuff from Gengji is 821.7 Ma with zircon εHf(t) values of -2.44-9.70, indicating that they may be part of the Huashan Group in the Northern Yangtze craton. However, the meta-volcanic series in the Banqiao area were mainly composed of grainy and white metamorphic acid clastic rock tuff, volcanic tuff, acid volcanic rock and siltstone, and associated with a large number of basic intrusive rocks. The zircon age of the metamorphic acid volcanic rocks from Banqiao is 741.2 Ma with zircon εHf(t) values of 4.62-9.56, indicating they belong to the Wudang Group in the South Qinling orogen, and may be a remnant of the thrust nappe during Indosinian.

The statistical relationship between shear wave velocity and depth for conventional soil types (“Relationship Between Shear Wave Velocity and Depth of Conventional Soils”，by Liu Hongshuai， et al，power function and one-quadratic model equations in Tables 2 to 5) is a national empirical equation. It has become an important reference for testing and comparing empirical equations in many regions, but lacks a more systematic evaluation of reliability. Therefore, the statistical empirical equation of shear wave velocity and depth in typical domestic regions (Beijing, western Shandong, Chengdu，Tianjin, Changzhou and Wuhan) are selected to test the reliability of the empirical equation of the national shear wave velocity and depth of conventional soils. The results show that: The power function model predicts that the shear wave velocity increases with depth, which is consistent with qualitative understanding, while the quadratic model may exhibit unreasonable bending anomalies and should not be used. The prediction accuracy of the national shear wave velocity empirical equation varies significantly in different regions. In most regions, the absolute relative errors of the prediction for the vast majority of soil types are generally less than ±20%. The absolute relative errors are larger only within 20 m of the near-surface, with a maximum of about 40%. In a few areas, the absolute relative errors of the prediction are greater than 20%. It is recommended to prioritize the selection of shear wave velocity empirical formulas suitable for local conditions; When there is a lack of local equations and it is necessary to choose the national power function type empirical equations for shear wave velocity, it should be tested and confirmed by the local measured data before use; The shear wave velocity within the 20 m range is best determined by actual measurement, which helps to reduce the significant errors brought by the national shear wave velocity empirical formula. 

In order to address the significant degradation of concrete durability caused by long-term external sulfate and carbonate corrosion under dry-wet cycle conditions. This article investigates the erosion and migration patterns of sulfate and carbonate ions inside concrete under dry-wet cycling conditions. Firstly, the damage mechanism of the two ions on concrete erosion was analyzed and compared through the chemical reaction process of ion erosion on concrete and scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments. Then, the transmission and exchange laws of sulfate ions and carbonate ions at the interface between the concrete surface and the outside world were analyzed by referencing the room model.  The results indicate that, 1) Within 180 days, ion erosion mainly occurs within the range of 0-20 mm on the concrete surface, and the predicted value of the room model deviates from the actual value by about 0.75. 2) The depth of concrete erosion is positively correlated with the water cement ratio, and the room model can predict the degree of concrete erosion. 3) The failure of concrete can be explained from the perspective of the expansion pressure caused by the chemical reaction products of sulfates and carbonates.

To study the influence of high thermal conductivity of thermal pipe on the temperature field of frozen soil under the subgrade in permafrost regions in the short term after subgrade filling, the temperature field change in the short term after subgrade filling was studied by numerical simulation method based on the coupling effect of water and heat. The results show that, due to the high thermal conductivity of the thermal pipe, the frozen front of the subgrade is concave along the thermal pipe in the short term after filling. Filling in June is easy to cause hydrothermal erosion at the slope toe and evaporation section；Filling in July, the lowest point of the freezing front is deeper than the embedded depth of the thermal pipe, which is the most unfavorable for the stability of the thermal pipe；Filling in August and September, the influence time of high thermal conductivity of hot rod is short. The effect of high thermal conductivity of thermal pipe on temperature field increases with the increase of filler temperature and thermal conductivity. In order to reduce the impact of high thermal conductivity of the thermal pipe in the short term after filling, construction from June to July should be avoided. During construction, the temperature of subgrade filler should be reduced as much as possible, and the thermal conductivity of the material can be appropriately reduced without affecting the cooling effect.

In order to discuss the influence of rainfall infiltration on the stability of granite terrace slope, this paper takes the Ziquejie terrace in Hunan Province as an example. Based on the analysis of the geological conditions of Ziquejie terrace, the seepage field and stability of different slope gradients and different  soil layer thicknesses under rainstorm conditions were analyzed based on the coupling of multiple modules of the finite element numerical simulation software Geostudio. The results show that under the working condition of 90 mm/d rainfall intensity and 5 days  rainfall duration, the slopes with 35° and 40° gradients are in a state of destabilization, and the stability coefficient is negatively correlated with the increase of slope gradient; The thicker the fully weathered soil layer is, the lower the safety factor of the slope is. After 5 days of rainfall, the stability coefficients of different soil layers under different working conditions are similar. However, when there is no rainfall, the thinner the fully weathered soil layer is, the more stable the slope is.

In order to simulate the groundwater movement in the karst area more accurately, a karst hydrogeological unit in Pu’an County, southwest Guizhou Province was taken as the research area. The FEFLOW software based on the finite element method was employed to establish a numerical simulation model that couples karst conduits with equivalent porous media for groundwater flow in the area. Gaussian random distribution was employed to generate conduits for underground rivers controlled by the geological conditions such as fault, fissure, fracture etc. The water flow in the equivalent porous medium was described by the partial differential equation of the 3-D transient flow, and the water flow in the conduit was described by the Manning-Strickler equation. The water conducting fault is treated as a strong permeable block, the infiltration coefficient of rainfall in the catchment areas of the sinkhole is set to 1, and the spring is treated as a pumping well with a constant head in the numerical model. The simulation results showed that the determining coefficient of the relationship between the calculated water level and the measured water level at 25 observation wells can reach 0.998 5, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient reaches 0.998 2, which is very close to 1. It shows that the groundwater simulation model based on these treatments reflects the characteristics of karst groundwater movement and has strong simulation ability, which can be used to improve the evaluation accuracy of karst groundwater resources.

In order to systematically quantify the synergistic relationship between environmental factors and their regulation of spatial and temporal patterns of biomass, taking the Xilin River basin as the study area, this study measured the aboveground biomass (AGB), soil water content, soil density, organic carbon mass fraction, total nitrogen mass fraction, soil pH and other environmental factors of the typical grassland ecosystem from May to September 2020. The relationship between AGB and driving factors were analyzed by using the geographic detector method. The results show that: 1) Watershed-level AGB increases stably at the beginning stage of the growing season, displays the highest increase rate in July, and reaches the maximum on September 3rd. AGB in the upstream and downstream is 209.12 and 147.19 g/m2, respectively. AGB in the upstream of the watershed is significantly higher than that in the downstream (significance level p<0.05), and the overall spatial pattern of AGB shows a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest in the watershed. 2) During the entire vegetation growing season, meteorological factors (precipitation and air temperature) are key factors driving the changes in AGB, with an explanation rate of more than 60.0% in the regression model. At the end of the growing season, in addition to meteorological factors, soil pH also significantly influences the dynamics of AGB in time and space. 3) At each stage of the growing season, the interaction between environmental factors shows nonlinear enhancement and double-factor enhancement. At the beginning of the growing season, the interaction between precipitation and  dry density of soil shows the most influential. When soil water content reaches a relatively high level, the interaction of soil dry density with other environmental factors (precipitation, air temperature, pH) exerts a significant impact on the AGB in the peak and late stages of the growing season vegetation growth in the basin.

The eco-geological environment quality shows the overall situation of regional geological action and ecological spatial distribution. In order to provide the basis for the ecological protection and restoration of the southwest coastal areas of Malaysia of the north coast   of Malacca Strait and the investment and construction of “One Belt and One Road”, GIS technology and hierarchical analysis method are combined. Based on the data set of Malaysia basic geology and geological disaster remote sensing geological application and mapping project results, the eco-geological environment quality evaluation index system of the southwest coastal area of Malaysia along the north coast of  Malacca Strait was constructed and comprehensively evaluated. Through the analysis of the results, the eco-geological environment quality of the study area was divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium and poor. The area of excellent and good area was larger, which was 2 753.31 km2 and 2 960.33 km2, respectively, accounting for 34.19% and 36.76% of the total area of the study area, and mainly distributed in the hilly areas of the northern coastal plain. The medium and poor districts are 1 702.72 km2 and 618.57 km2, accounting for 21.37% and 7.68% of the total area of the research area, respectively, and are mainly distributed in southern Sembilan central , Selangor and northern Malacca. According to the evaluation results, the eco-geological environment quality of this area is good on the whole. The  excellent area and good area account for 70.00% of the total area of the study area. The medium  area and poor area are mainly restricted by the stratigraphic structure and ecological conditions, so it is necessary to carry out environmental protection and ecological restoration according to specific problems.

Lithology identification is an important task in reservoir evaluation. With the development of machine learning methods, intelligent lithology identification has become a popular research direction. Logging while drilling (LWD) technology has been widely used. However, in the actual production process, due to the high-temperature and high-pressure operating conditions, only a few logging parameters can be measured by LWD. Due to the small number of logging parameters,  machine learning model is not able to fully tap into the few parameters. To solve this problem, this paper introduced random tree embedding into LWD lithology identification. The low dimensional LWD data was encoded by the binary tree and transformed into high dimentional sparse features, and  the upgraded data was used for training to improve the discriminative ability of the machine learning model. The comparative experiment results in this paper show that the random forest method with random tree embedding has the best recognition effect, the accuracy and F1 value are improved by 3.16% and 3.25% respectively, compared with the direct use of random forest, and outperforms the gradient boosted tree, extremely random tree and particle swarm optimization support vector machine algorithms.

The roaming function is widely used in the fields of digital earth, virtual reality and simulation. Previous researches mostly focused on desktop applications under client/server(C/S) structure. This paper constructs a virtual Earth based on Cesium, an open-source 3D geography framework on the Web side under browser/server(B/S) structure and designs three different roaming algorithms: conventional algorithm, callback function algorithm and Lagrange interpolation algorithm. Then, the tilting photography model of downtown Chongqing was successfully loaded on the virtual Earth’s surface to realize the roaming functions of the three different algorithms. Finally, the effectiveness of the three algorithms was compared in terms of frames per second (FPS) and network latency (NL). The results show that the average FPS in the first 50 s for conventional algorithm, callback function algorithm and Lagrange interpolation algorithm are 70, 74 and 80 Hz, respectively; The average NL in the first 50 s for conventional algorithm, callback function algorithm and Lagrange interpolation algorithm are 14.145, 13.166 and 12.419 ms, respectively. In terms of FPS, callback function algorithm is 5.714% higher than conventional algorithm, while Lagrange interpolation algorithm is 14.286% higher than conventional algorithm. In terms of NL, callback function algorithm is 6.921% shorter than conventional algorithm, while Lagrange interpolation algorithm is 12.202% shorter than conventional algorithm. Overall, the final order of the three algorithms’ running efficiency from largest to smallest is: Lagrange interpolation algorithm, callback function algorithm, and conventional algorithm. Namely, callback function algorithm and Lagrange interpolation algorithm have certain improvements compared with conventional algorithm in the process of roaming, and Lagrange interpolation algorithm can achieve the most efficient and smooth operation and rendering effects.