Volcanic facies is the sum of volcanic material eruption type, transport mode, emplacement environment and state. The classification of volcanic facies is the basis for characterizing the distribution of volcanic rocks in a basin and searching for favorable volcanic reservoirs, which plays an important role in the exploration of volcanic oil and gas in a basin. Based on the “lithology, petrofabric and petrogenesis” of volcanic rocks, a classification scheme of “5 facies and 15 subfacies” of volcanic rocks in the basin was established, which greatly promoted the exploration process of deep volcanic rocks in China basins. At present, the largescale volcanic oil and gas exploration in basins in China has gone through a course of more than 20 years, and with the indepth exploration, the lithofacies classification scheme has been improved and enriched: For the intermediatemafic volcanic lava, the intermediatemafic effusive lava flow facies has been established, and three subfacies have been divided into braided lava flow unit, tabular lava flow unit and the lava dome. Aiming at subaqueous volcanic eruption in lacustrine basin, three subfacies and facies models of subaqueous volcanic eruption phase, gassupported hot pyroclastic flow subfacies, waterlaid density current subfacies and subaqueous fallout subfacies are established. A new classification scheme of “7 facies and 21 subfacies” was formed. In the intermediatemafic volcanic lava facies, the braided lava flow subfacies has the best development conditions, followed by the hyaloclastic rock subfacies and the tabular lava flow subfacies. Gassupported hot pyroclastic flow subfacies control the spatial distribution of effective reservoirs in the subaqueous volcanic eruption facies. The establishment of the intermediatemafic effusive lava flow facies overcomes the difficulty in characterizing the subfacies of the basic lava due to the thin monolayer thickness and the difficulty in drilling and seismic characterization. The establishment of subaqueous volcanic explosive facies has realized the accurate characterization of volcanic facies in different eruptive environments of sedimentary basins from land to subaqua. The establishment of the two lithofacies provides a basis for further exploration of the reservoir development law in the intermediatemafic effusive development area and the subaqueous volcanic eruption pyroclastic rock development area and searching for favorable reservoirs.

 Trace compounds are important indicators for the study of petroleum genesis, source, formation environment, secondary geochemical alterations, etc. Trace compounds are playing a much more important role in petroleum geochemistry studies as research interests continue to advance to unconventional and deep reservoirs recently. This paper has reviewed the definition and classification of trace compounds in crude oil and their research progress in the analysis of organic material source and formation environment, oil/gas maturity and oilsource correlation at higher maturation stage, tracing of oil/gas migration pathways, and secondary geochemical alteration on oil/gas in recent years. The application of trace compoundsbased evaluation parameters for the thermal cracking degree of crude oil, thermochemical sulfate reduction, and gas invasion alterations has also been summarized. It is also proposed that future research will focus on the formation mechanism of trace compounds, the identification of sourceindicative trace compounds, and the strengthening of compoundspecific isotope analysis. With the continuous improvement of analytical technology and research understanding, potential new compounds in transitional state may be discovered.

 Dinosterol, also known as dinoflagellate sterol, is an important component of cell membrane lipids of dinoflagellate. As a biomarker of dinoflagellate, dinosterol is featured by high source specificity, structural stability, and resistance to degradation. It widely distributed in various sedimentary environments, such as oceans and lakes as well as peat, and this compound effectively records paleoenvironmental information from different geological periods. Currently, dinosterol and its hydrogen isotope composition have been used to reconstruct past ecological and environmental changes. The application of dinosterol provides a new perspective for understanding past climate and environmental changes and ecosystem responses. Therefore, dinosterol has become one of the key biomarkers in marine and lake paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies in recent years. Based on this, this paper first introduced the structure, biological sources, and distribution characteristics of dinosterol in marine and lake environments. It briefly outlined and compared several purification methods of dinosterol, and then explained the principles underlying its use in reconstructing paleoenvironments and paleoclimates. Furthermore, the paper summarized the paleoenvironmental implications of dinosterol, particularly its content in reconstructing paleoproductivity and its hydrogen isotope ratios in reconstructing salinity and precipitation. Accordingly, the paper also presented future considerations for dinosterol in paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies, such as the specific biological sources of dinosterol and the impact of environmental factors on dinosterol.

 The distribution of industrial gas wells in the northern and southern regions of the Boerjianghaizi fault in Hangjinqi area of Ordos basin does not match the evolution degree of the source rocks, and the natural gas accumulation periods between the northern and southern regions of the fault are different. On the basis of the evolution history of source rocks and fault development history, combined with the carbon isotopes of natural gas components, the dry coefficient of natural gas, the characteristics of fluid inclusions and the sealing property of the fault in different directions, this paper compares the source, accumulation period, accumulation time and migration channel of natural gas in the northern and southern regions of the fault. The results show that the carbon isotopes of the natural gas components present “positive carbon isotope sequence”, namely, δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3, suggesting that the natural gas in the study area comes from a single source. The dry coefficient of natural gas in the southern part of the fault ranges from 0.85 to 0.96, with an average value of 0.91. In the northern part of the fault, the dry coefficient of natural gas ranges from  0.95 to 0.97. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusions coexisting with natural gas inclusions in the Xiashihezi  Formation reservoir ranges in 95115 ℃ and 125135 ℃ in the southern area of the fault, and in 75155 ℃ in the northern part of the fault. Combining with the burial history of the study area, there exist two stages of gas accumulation in the southern part of the fault, the earlystage natural gas charged from Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (155142 Ma), and the latestage natural gas charged at the end of Early Cretaceous (116110 Ma). There is only one stage of the natural gas accumulation in the northern region, and it occurred at the end of Early Cretaceous (128117 Ma). The Boerjianghaizi fault has been active for many periods since the Paleozoic, and the activities in the Yanshan period are the main reason for the difference of natural gas distribution, thermal evolution degree and accumulation time between the northern and southern regions of the fault.

 In order to clarify the sedimentary characteristics and development model of evaporite in the Gaotai Formation in eastern Sichuan basin, the sedimentary model of evaporite and its relationship with oil and gas are discussed based on field observation, core description, thin section identification ,well logging and seismic data. The results show that: 1) The evaporites are mainly gypsum dolomite, gypsum rock and gypsumsalt rock, and there are two kinds of evaporite lithologic assemblage sequence: Gypsum lagoon and mixed lagoon. The evaporite thickness gradually increases from the west to the east. The sedimentary centers are located in the Wuxi line of Jianshen 1 Well area and the Shizhu line of Taihe 1 Well area, respectively. 2) Evaporite was formed in gypsum lagoon and mixed lagoon under the combined action of arid and hot paleoenvironment, closed environment formed by barrier beach, periodic fluctuation of seawater and provenance recharge, that is, sourcingcontrolled multilagoon genetic environment. 3) There is a negative correlation between the thickness of Gaotai Formation evaporite and the distribution of Longwangmiao Formation reservoir, that is, thick evaporite controlled the low gas reservoir, thin evaporite controlled the high gas reservoir. 4) The reservoir cap assemblages with evaporative rocks as cap formations include subrock reservoirs of mixed lagoon and interrock reservoirs of gypsum lagoon. The subrock reservoirs of thin evaporative rocks have large gas bearing scale, and the interrock reservoirs are of strong heterogeneity and thin thickness, showing the characteristics of mediumlow porosity and low permeability in general. Three favorable exploration zones for natural gas are developed in the study area. They are located in northern, central and southern regions, respectively, and are potential reserve exploration areas in the eastern Sichuan basin.

The environment of the primary sedimentary medium in the sedimentary strata is of great significance to the mineralization and potential analysis of sandstonetype uranium deposits. In this study, trace element analyses of 16 mudstoness derived from the  Upper Cretaceous to Neogene in the uranium geological exploration well N3006 in the north of Junggar basin, were conducted. By combination with observations form outcrops and drill cores, the lithium (Li), strontium (Sr), gallium (Ga), barium (Ba) Copper (Cu), uranium (U), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and other trace element indicators are utilized to discuss the environmental evolution characteristics of the Late Cretaceous to Neogene sedimentary media in the study area and their constraints on uranium mineralization. All the results suggest that, the paleosedimentary environment from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene was generally characterized by dry, hot and oxygen rich fresh water brackish water deposits; Judging from the primary sedimentary environment, the sand bodies of each formation from Upper Cretaceous to Neogene in the study area are generally not conducive to the development of traditional interlayer oxidation and phreatic oxidation sandstonetype uranium mineralization; However, the presence of strongly oxidized paleoenvironment is conducive to the migration of uranium elements. Significantly, the primary gray layer formed in a local special environment and the gray layer transformed by reducing fluid in the later period are the important breakthrough directions for the exploration of sandstone type uranium deposits in the area.

The Duobaoshan area, situated within the contact zone between the Xing’an and Songnen blocks in the eastern part of Xing’anMongolia orogenic belt, holds significant importance in the study the tectonic evolution of NenjiangHeihe Ocean, which is the north branch of PaleoAsian Ocean. In this paper, we present a detailed investigation of petrology, geochronology and geochemistry of the granite porphyries exposed in the western Duobaoshan area with the aims to identify their geochronology and petrogenesis, and further to reveal the tectonicmagmatic evolution associated with the NenjiangHeihe Ocean. The investigated granite porphyries are flesh red, with multi porphyry structure and massive structure. Their phenocrysts predominantly comprise potassium feldspar, quartz and a small amount of plagioclase. The matrix is mainly composed of felsic minerals with microcrystalline structure and minor biotites. The LAICPMS UPb zircon age suggest the granite porphyry formed at Late Devonian (365.1 ± 2.6 Ma). Moreover, the granite porphyries are geochemically characterized by high SiO2 and K2O contents, along with low CaO, MgO and Al2O3 compositions, and high TFeO/MgO and Rb/Sr ratios. They are enriched in Rb, Th, Zr and Hf, and depleted in Sr, Ba, Eu, Ti, P, with swallowlike REE patterns and negative Eu anomalies, showing the characteristics of Atype granite. Distinguished from highly differentiated Itype and Stype granites, they display a high Zr/Hf ratio, Na2O, TFeO content and relatively low P2O5, Rb content. The low MgO, and Cr contents and Mg# values, together with their characteristic trace element ratios, indicated the predominant crustal source contribution. Based on the regional geology and the geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks, we concluded that the granite porphyry is an A1 subtype granite, which has the geochemical characteristics of both volcanic arc and intraplate granite. Furthermore, we infer that the granite porphyry should be formed in the local extensional environment during the northward subduction of NenjiangHeihe Ocean.

 Paleoproterozoic granites were discovered in localized areas of the northeastern margin of the landmass in the western part of north Hebei Province. However, systematically studies on their geochemical characteristics and geological significance are still unclear. Zircon UPb geochronology, geochemistry, and SrNdPb isotopes analysis on the Paleoproterozoic granites in the Dahulun area, north Hebei Province, have been systematically studied. Two granite samples have been dated to (1 855±7) Ma and (1 844±8) Ma, and  are rich in silicon (w(SiO2)=71.58%74.01%) and potassium (w (K2O)=6.44%7.07%), with K2O/Na2O ratios from 3.68 to 4.20 and A/CNK values from 1.12 to 1.27, displaying characteristics of strongly peraluminous, relatively potassic granites. They are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophilic elements, depletion in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Additionally, they show high TFeO/(TFeO+MgO) (0.740.80), and 10000×Ga/Al ratios (3.363.55) and high zircon saturation temperature (840873 ℃), which are typical characteristics of A2type granite in a postcollisional extensional setting. All sample have high initial 87Sr/86Sr values of 0.713 00.716 2 and negative εNd(t) values of -8.0 to -7.6, with twostage model ages (TDM2) ranging from 2.96 to 2.94 Ga. The (206Pb/204Pb)t, (207Pb/204Pb)t and (208Pb/204Pb)t ratios were 14.97615.178, 15.19215.228 and 35.41336.626, respectively. The comprehensive study shows that the Dahulun granitic magma originated from the partial melting of the ~2.95 Ga Mesoarchean lower crust and was produced in an extensional tectonic setting following the collision between the Eastern and Western blocks of the North China Craton.

 Among the Mesozoic volcanic rocks along the southeast coast of China, Middle Jurassic rocks are seldom reported, yet they hold significant importance for understanding Mesozoic magmatic activities and tectonic evolution in this region. The Shaowu basaltic andesite, exposed in the southeast of the Jiangshao fault zone, provides an ideal opportunity for study. This paper systematically presents petrological, zircon UPb geochronological, LuHf isotopic, wholerock geochemistry and SmNd isotopic analyses of the basaltic andesite, indicating an eruption age of (161.0±2.0) Ma. The isotopic data shows that all samples are characterized by εHf(t) values ranging from -14.33 to -10.41 and low εNd(t) values between -9.2-8.4. The geochemical results shows high w(Al2O3)  and w(Na2O) contents, along with low levels of w(MgO) and w(TFe2O3) etc. The total rare earth elements (REE) content is low, with chondritenormalized REE patterns showing LREE enrichment and weak Eu negative anomalies. Furthermore, large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Ba and K are enriched, while the high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti and P are relatively depleted. The geochemical and petrological characteristics of the basaltic andesite imply that it originated from partial melting of a metasomatic mantle wedge, underwent certain crystallization differentiation, and formed in an intraplate tectonic environment. Based on previous studies on regional tectonicmagmatic activities, it is proposed that Pacific subducted plate retreat and tearing, resulting in encroachment of mantlederived magma and the replacement of ancient crustderived rocks, occurred amidst local extension within the broader compressional background of the southeastern coast of China during the Middle Jurassic.

 The sedimentary and metamorphic ages of the Jinshuikou Group in the East Kunlun orogenic belt has been controversial. In this paper, the zircon UPb geochronology and LuHf isotope of amphibolite in Jinshuikou Group in Gouli area, Dulan County, Qinghai Province were studied by LAICPMS technique. The results  show that the ages of detrital zircons in amphiboliterange from 2.1 to 2.0 Ga, with the youngest detrital zircons dating to 1 829 Ma；The upper intersection age of metamorphic zircons is (1 905±300) Ma, although with a large error. However, this implies a lengthy deposition time for the Jinshuikou Group, not extending beyond the Early Mesoproterozoic. Therefore, this study proposes a deposition time of about 1 800 Ma for the Jinshuikou Group. The detrital zircons with ages of 2 100 Ma are characterized by granulite facies metamorphic zircon. Metamorphic zircon ages are concentrated between 450 and 420 Ma, with a weighted average age of 12 points is (444.3±5.3) Ma (Early Paleozoic), consistent with the age of regional anatexis in the East Kunlun orogenic belt in response to the subduction and amalgamation of the ProtoTethys Ocean. The zircon 176Lu/177Hf values are low, the εHf (t) values of metamorphic zircons are -35.41-3.75, and the TDM2 is between 3 6411 666 Ma. The source rock materials are the product of ancient crustal recycling. The εHf (t) values of the Proterozoic detrital zircons are -2.9825.58, and the TDM2 is between 2 833920 Ma. The source area is the continental crust from the depleted mantle, which is similar to the Archean TTG rock series, suggesting that the TTG rock series of Altyn block provides some material sources to Jinshuikou Group. The Jinshuikou Group was deposited on the active continental margin or the initial rift basin, while the Binggou Group and Wanbaogou Group, the upper sedimentary cover, were deposited on the shallow sea shelf, with a continuous deposition process.

Previous research has shown that a large number of chlorites are commonly developed in volcanic and clastic rock reservoirs, which affects the physical properties of these reservoirs. In order to study the influence of the genetic mechanism of chlorite alteration in volcanic rocks on reservoir physical properties, a series of basalt samples from the typical section of Mount Emei, wells ZG1, ZG2 and YT1 were selected for petrographic research and microarea composition analysis. The results show that chlorite in basalt can be roughly divided into three crystal types: Crystalline, cryptocrystalline and microcrystalline, and generally belonging to ferroan clinochlore (diabantite) and brunsvigite, formed in an ironrich reducing environment. The rare earth element characteristics show that the three chlorite types result from the multistage superposition and transformation of hydrothermal fluids and tectonic hydrothermal fluids after the magmatic stage. During their formation process, it is mainly represented by the replacement of Fe2+ with Mg2+, reflecting a transition in fluid from alkaline to weakly acidic, following an intermediate acid acid variation law. The formation process of chlorites has a dual effect on the storage space of volcanic rocks: The filling and crystallization of hydrothermal fluid after the magmatic stage reduce the primary pores of volcanic rocks, thereby diminishing reservoir physical properties. Whereas the dissolutionmigration of tectonic hydrothermal fluids generates new micropores, enhancing reservoir physical properties.

 A large number of granitic rocks exposed in the Xingcheng area of western Liaoning have undergone strong ductile deformation, and their unique deformation patterns provide a unique perspective for unraveling the tectonic evolution of the northeastern margin of the North China craton during the Mesozoic. The granitic gneiss exposed in the Niangniangding area Xingcheng，displays significant ductile deformation characteristics, with the mineral stretching lineations consistently dipping towards NNE at low angles, indicative of toptoSSW thrust ductile shear deformation. Zircon UPb dating results show that the protolith of granitic gneiss was formed at Middle Jurassic (169.5±1.6 Ma). In addition, the quartz EBSD fabric and rheological analyses indicate that the paleostress is 13.817.7 MPa, the strain rate is 1.16×10-162.20×10-14 s-1, and the deformation temperature is 350450 ℃ for the deformed rocks. Comprehensive studies suggest that the observed deformation was characterized by a slow deformation process under the greenschist facies condition prevalent in the middle to shallow crust, which originated from the superposition of the closure of the MongolOkhotsk Ocean and the subduction of the PaleoPacific plate during the latest Late Jurassic to earliest Early Cretaceous.

 There is no rapid and satisfactory method to analysis the accumulation area of debris flow as involved complex factors including trigger conditions, provenance, topography and so on. Based on the principle of Laharz, this work proposed a modified statistical model based on the local regional debris flow sample data, and the modified ArcGIS toolbox. Taking Yangjiawan creek, Wuxi County，Chongqing City as an example, this modified Laharz model was used to simulate the debris flow accumulation area under different rainfall return periods. The results show: 1) The fitting accuracy (SSE, RMSE and R2) of Laharz model is significantly improved by modifying the parameters. 2) Based on the DEM and the source volume calculated by field survey, the accumulation ranges of debris flow under different rainfall return periods (10，20, 50,100 a) can be quickly analyzed by using Laharz toolbox in ArcGIS. 3) FLO2D software was used to verify the results of modified Laharz model. The both Laharz and FLO2D basedaccumulation ranges are basically coincident, the error rate of punching distance, accumulation width and area are 10.00 %, 15.00 % and 20.00 % respectively, and the simulation results of Laharz modified model are closer consistent with the field survey results. The modified Laharz model provides a fast and effective method to analysis the accumulation ranges of debris flow, which can provide reference for hazard range prediction of debris flow.

 The Yangjia gulley debris in Zhejiang Province is a typical low frequency gully debris flow formed by water erosion. Based on the background of geological environment, the subarea characteristics, types and formation mechanism of debris flow are analyzed, and the susceptibility and hazard of debris flow are also evaluated. Then the rainstorm intensity index is established by statistical analysis method. In addition, through mechanical calculation and limit equilibrium analysis theory, the hydrodynamic erosion initiation model is established to determine the critical runoff depth under rain condition. Based on these studies, the progressive hierarchical comprehensive early warning system is constituted by combining rainfall, mud water level and flow index. Finally the remote automatic monitoring network system of debris flow is built up from October，2012 for monitoring control and early warning. The results show that the Yangjia gully is a small enclosed watershed with distinct zoning characteristics of catchment area, formation circulation area and accumulation area. The debris flow is a low frequency, small scale and diluted water stone flow triggered by extremely heavy rainstorm. The susceptibility of debris flow is moderate, and it will harm the village area at the downstream of the gully, and the degree of harm is relatively high. When the surface runoff depth of loose material sources in the gully formation area exceeds 1.0 m, these loose materials are in a critical unstable state and easy to be eroded. This critical runoff depth can be used as an effective criterion to determine whether the debris flow is started by erosion, and the comprehensive early warning index of debris flow can be determined by combining the R value of rainstorm intensity and flood peak flow Qd of 31.83 m3/s. Through remote automatic monitoring, the R value （2.4） is less than 2.8 during the monitoring period（20121026—20221010）, the gully area is in a safe rain situation, and the gully mud level does not reach the warning limit of surface runoff, so there is no hydrodynamic condition for the formation and startup of debris flow. Moreover, the gully flow is normal, and the maximum value （1.70 m3/s） is much less than 31.83 m3/s, and there is no adverse phenomenon such as debris flow or channel blockage. The gully area is relatively stable throughout the monitoring period, and the possibility of debris flow occurring again is small. It is also confirmed that the comprehensive monitoring network system based on the characteristic parameters of hydrodynamic erosion startup is an effective technical method for disaster prevention and control of low frequency gully debris flow.

 In order to find a suitable restoration material for the effective restoration and protection of sandstone cultural relics, we selected  three kinds of restoration materials such as epoxy resin, waterhard lime in 5% and waterhard lime in 12%   to discuss the strength and durability of restored cultural relic sandstone under the influence of temperature and humidity. By setting different temperature, freezethaw cycles and different saturation levels to simulate natural environment, the strength changes of the rock samples were analyzed using tensile strength and shear strength tests. The test results show that the rock samples are not significantly affected by temperature in a short period of time. Under the influence of humidity, the overall mechanical strength showed a decreasing trend. The strength of specimens bonded with epoxy resin is higher than that with waterhard lime, and the strength of bonding with waterhard lime in 12% is higher than that with waterhard lime in 5%. The tensile strength of the epoxy resin bonded rock sample is always at a high level during multiple freezethaw processes, which has better durability compared with the bonding of the other two materials. 

 In order to study the surrounding rock load calculation method suitable for horizontal layered surrounding rock tunnel and guide the actual tunnel construction, the paper adopts the method of theoretical derivation and the numerical simulation loadstructure calculation model to optimize the excavation method and the initial supporting parameters of horizontal layered surrounding rock tunnel. The results show that: 1) Rock beam structure will be formed when the vault of horizontal layered rock tunnel collapses. Based on this, a revised method for the calculation formula of vertical load in horizontal layered rock tunnel is proposed. 2) Based on the mechanical balance and stability analysis model of the face and taking into account the effect of collapsing vault rock beams, the ultimate thickness of horizontal layered sandstone and mudstone rock beams in the working area of inclined shaft No. 1 of Tongchuan tunnel is calculated to be 1.7 and 2.3 m, respectively. When the rock layer thickness is greater than the ultimate thickness, the rock beams can replace the advance support to strengthen the vault; At the same time, the construction method of surrounding rock Ⅲ and Ⅳ is calculated and analyzed, and the results show that the stability coefficient of the face of the whole section method instead of the original step method still meets the standard requirements. 3) After optimizing the initial supporting parameters of Ⅲb, Ⅳa and Ⅳb types in the inclined shaft working area of Tongchuan tunnel No. 1, the maximum spacing of steel supports is 1.8, 1.6 and 1.6 m, respectively, and the corresponding safety factors of the most unfavorable section are 1.65, 1.63 and 1.57, which are all greater than the safety factor control standard in the code.

 Identification of regime evolution process of phreatic water table under changing environment (climate change and human activities) is the main scientific problem in the field of water resources in China and even globally. In order to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of phreatic water table under multiple influencing factors, considering precipitation and groundwater exploitation, the spatial and temporal variation of regional phreatic water table from January 2016 to December 2019 in Khorqin district, Tongliao City was analyzed using MannKendall (MK) trend test and grid algebra method. In addition, crosswavelet analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression method were used to further quantify the influence of precipitation and groundwater exploitation on the phreatic water table in different regions. The results show that, during the study period, the phreatic water table in Khorqin district shows a general decline  trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.36 m, and the decrease of phreatic water table in central and western areas is more severe. According to the spatial distribution characteristics of the phreatic water table difference, the study area is divided into phreatic water table dynamic balance area, decline area and  serious decline area, which account for 9.88%, 49.65% and  40.47%,  of the total area of the study area, respectively. The phreatic water table in the dynamic balance region is mainly influenced by precipitation, only slightly affected by groundwater exploitation. In the phreatic water table decline region and serious decline region, the phreatic water table is more affected by exploitation than by precipitation.

Under the natural conditions, there is the dynamic balance between the groundwater and sea in the coastal region. However, the overexploitation of groundwater causes the imbalance between them, which also induces the various of environmental problems. The analysis methods of traditional time series cannot accurately reveal the dynamic variation characteristic in both time and frequency domains, while wavelet analysis methods provide convenient way to explore the dynamic variation characteristics and external influence factors of groundwater. The continuous wavelet transform and wavelet coherence analysis are used to analyze the time series data of groundwater level in three monitoring wells and precipitation in Rizhao area during the interval of 19962015. The results show that: The periodic characteristics of groundwater level variation in different aquifer categories are different. The groundwater level in Dishui monitoring well (pore water of shallow loose rocks) shows periodic variation characteristics which are one year, 45 a and 11 a. The groundwater level in Earthquake Bureau of Juxian well (bedrock fissure water) and Dongguan High School well (carbonate fissure karst water) show the periodic variation of 11 a  and the strong tendency of 14 a. The precipitation in Rizhao area shows several different periodic variations, including one year, 45 a, 11 a and the strong tendency of 14 a.  The periodic variation of precipitation in Rizhao area is the important influence factor on the variation of groundwater level which show the periodic variation of one year and several years.  The lag time between the groundwater change and the variation of precipitation in different aquifer type is different, which is the main reason for the diversity characteristic of groundwater level periodic variation in different aquifer type. 

 The asbestos composition and distribution, spatial migration and transformation of involved heavy metals, and their effects on microbial community structure and biodiversity in the soil surroundings in the Xiaobabao asbestos tailings ponds in Qilian County, Qinghai Province were investigated in this study, aiming at understanding the risk of asbestos pollution to soil environment and providing technical support for further treatment and mitigation of asbestos pollution. The results of investigations showed that the major mineral components in the field soil include quartz, clinochlore, serpentine, ferropargasite and albite and so on. Serpentine was identified as the representative mineral of asbestos. The results indicated that different spatial distribution of variouslysourced heavy metals along both vertical and longitudinal profiles across the site; The distribution trend of CaO was closely related to the serpentine minerals along these typical profiles. The spatial distribution of Cr showed a similar pattern with asbestos; The mass fraction of Cr exceeded the risk control value for soil contamination of construction land (78 mg/kg), especially in the asbestos tailings slag where the mass fraction of Cr greatly exceeded the risk control level. The asbestos stress reduced biodiversity of the local soil, leading to a great impact on soil microbial community structure. 

 Superparamagnetic (SPM) effects in  timedomain electromagnetic  method is generally caused by magnetic anomalies or magnetic layers, and cause the slow diffusion phenomenon of approximately1 power law decay in the middle and late stages of the response. Meanwhile, it is also an important representation of the underground magnetic media information. However, ignoring the SPM effects will lead to an incorrect data interpretation using  traditional parameter extraction method to process the magnetic environment data. In order to interpret the SPM response accurately, this paper proposes a multiparameter extraction of SPM effects based on the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The numerical simulation of the layered SPM effect is realized based on the ColeCole susceptibility model, and magnetic susceptibility and conductivity can affect the amplitude and attenuation slope of SPM responses. We improve the PSO algorithm with the particle velocity and position update strategy to realize the extraction of magnetic susceptibility, conductivity and other parameters. The results show that the maximum relative error of the proposed method is less than 2 % when extracting multiple parameters of SPM effect, which verifies the effectiveness of this method.

 Transient electromagnetic inversion is a complex nonlinear problem with highdimensional nonconvexity. The traditional BP neural network can effectively alleviate the overfitting phenomenon for transient electromagnetic inversion. However, the BP method has the disadvantage of converges slowly and easily falls into local optimum. In order to solve these problems, an approach based on wavelet packet denoising (WPD) and genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize BP neural network (WPDGABP) was proposed and applied to transient electromagnetic inversion. A wavelet packet denoising method based on hard threshold and Db13 was used to reduce noise signal from observed magnetic field data. And a sample collection strategy was proposed to remove redundant features. Additionally, the global GA algorithm was introduced to optimize the BP initial weight, which improved the learning ability and solution accuracy for BP. Finally, based on the 1D transient electromagnetic forward theory with center loop source, a layered geoelectric model was established, and then inversion was performed after WPD processing, in which the inversion results by GABP algorithm were compared with that of the traditional Occam, BP, particle swarm optimizationBP (PSOBP) and differential evolutionBP (DEBP). The results of theoretical model and measured examples show that the proposed method is superior to others algorithm in the accuracy, stability and higher forward data fitting ability, which can be effectively applied to the inversion interpretation for electromagnetic exploration.

 Compared with the frequency domain electromagnetic method, the transient electromagnetic method can effectively distinguish between  air waves and seafloor electromagnetic response, which has a good application prospect in the shallow offshore oil and gas reservoir detection. The geological conditions of offshore area are generally more complicated, and there are strong cut terrain and complex structures,  making the electromagnetic field response characteristics become extremely complex. These problems will bring great difficulties to the data interpretation work. In this paper, based on the timedomain finite element method (FEM), the unstructured mesh is used to dissect the complex geological model. By constructing the timedomain finite element equations and combining the long wire source approximation technique with dipole discretization and the backward Euler discretization technique, the threedimensional forward modeling  simulation of   electromagnetic transient with  electrical source in shallow sea  area under  complex geological conditions is realized. After verifying the accuracy of the algorithm, the influence of different seawater depths on  air waves and the target body of  seafloor  oil and gas reservoir is analyzed through the threedimensional forward modeling  of the complex geological model. Based on these results, the influence of different surrounding rock resistivity and seafloor  topography on the resolution of the target body of  oil and gas reservoir is further analyzed.  The results show that under shallow sea conditions, the pulse response is greatly affected by air waves, while the step response is less affected by air waves. As the depth increases, the influence of air waves  decreases, and the resolution of oil and gas reservoirs also decreases. The electrical resistivity of surrounding rocks and the complex seafloor topopraphy  have a serious impact on the transient electromagnetic properties of electrical sources.

 Landslide is a kind of geological hazard with wide distribution, large quantity and great harm. It is of great significance to determine the landslide sliding face accurately. Traditional exploration methods such as drilling and geophysical methods have many limitations in the undulating landslide terrain. Based on Dongchizhuang landslide in Pingshan County, Shandong Province, a soft soil landslide model with undulating terrain is established. Rayleigh wave field simulation is carried out and the horizontal/vertical (H/V) spectral ratio curve is calculated after model separation. The characteristics of wave field propagation and H/V spectral ratio curve are compared and analyzed. It is found that the peak frequency of the geophone in the center can be used as the superior frequency for calculating the earthrock interface in the 110channel geophone arrangement. Landslide models with soil thickness of 25, 31 and 35 m are designed, and it is found that there is a negative correlation between soil thickness and peak frequency. The frequencydepth empirical formula is given when the stratum is clay and mudstone, and the information of continuous sliding surface is obtained. The results of the empirical formula agree well with the actual model.

 In order to improve the signaltonoise ratio (SNR) of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data and reduce the random diffraction energy caused by random perturbation, twodimensional variational mode decomposition (2DVMD) is introduced into the noise reduction processing of 2D GPR data. First, the GPR data is processed by 2DVMD, and the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and their corresponding frequency and wave number spectra are analyzed to determine the type of each echo showed in the radar profile. Then, the crosscorrelation coefficients between the IMF components and the original data are calculated to determine the signal mode and noise mode, and the signal mode is reconstructed to obtain data after noise reduction. Synthetic and practical data tests demonstrate that compared with the traditional 1DVMD method, the peak SNR of the forward recording with noise after 2DVMD filtering increases from 6.44 dB to 7.72 dB. The newly developed method can get significantly improvement on the SNR of GPR data, and obtain radar profiles with better event continuity.

 The heavy oil reservoirs in  Beibu Gulf basin of the western South China sea are mainly distributed in  Weixinan sag and Wushi sag, It is mainly composed of ordinary heavy oil and extra heavy oil. This type of heavy oil has a wide burial depth unit and can be discovered from shallow to middledeep layers, with good physical properties and characteristics of medium high porosity, permeability, and high resistivity. However, conventional gas logging often only includes total hydrocarbons and methane, the gas measurement value is very low and there is no abnormal display, no fluorescence or oil bearing indication is found in most areas during cutting logging, which brings great difficulties to formation fluid identification. Therefore, classification and logging characteristics analysis are conducted for different types of heavy oil in this area. On this basis, a fast identification method for heavy oil is proposed by combining logging curves while drilling with the oil content of the wall core as the main means, supplemented by gas logging maps and threedimensional quantitative fluorescence recognition of the wall core. By utilizing the monitoring of fluid properties in underground formations and the results of rock pyrolysis analysis during the sampling process, it is pointed out that the typical hydrocarbon composition of heavy oil itself creates its unique gas logging characteristics. Meanwhile, the analysis suggests that the strong hydrophilicity of rock wettability and the special adhesion between asphaltene heavy oil and sandstone skeleton particles are the main reasons for the lack of fluorescence and oil content display in some heavy oil reservoir cuttings. It is also pointed out that the threedimensional quantitative fluorescence of the wall core and sampling fluid can truly reflect the properties of the formation fluid.

 With the improvement of spatial resolution of optical remote sensing images and the enrichment of acquisition channels, optical remote sensing images has become an efficient technological method to achieve intelligent interpretation of land features. Due to the powerful feature extraction ability of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the demand of road information in many fields, road extraction methods based on CNN have become a current research hotspot. In view of this, this paper summarizes the road extraction method based on CNN from four aspects: Improvement of shape features, improvement of connectivity, improvement of multiscale features and improvement of extraction strategy according to the relevant research literature in recent years. Then, we describe typical road occlusion cases and use classical CNNs to analyze and validate the current technical difficulties at the level of limitations of sample labels. Finally, the development trends of road extraction from remote sensing images are outlooked from four aspects, namely, multisource data synergy, sample library construction, weakly supervised modeling and domainadaptive learning.