实际道路工况下“油改气”双燃料出租车的排放特征

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210499

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 94-104.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210499

实际道路工况下“油改气”双燃料出租车的排放特征

王计广^1,^2,³(),桂华侨^1,²,杨志文³,曲大为⁴(),余同柱^1,²,毛洪钧⁵

^1.中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所，合肥 230031
^2.中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院，合肥 230026
^3.中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司，天津 300300
^4.吉林大学汽车工程学院，长春 130022
^5.南开大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300071

收稿日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2023-01-01 发布日期:2023-07-23
通讯作者: 曲大为 E-mail:wangjiguang@catarc.ac.cn;qudawei@jlu.edu.cn
作者简介:王计广（1986-），男，博士研究生，高级工程师. 研究方向：机动车污染防治技术与排放清单模型. E-mail： wangjiguang@catarc.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42005108);安徽省优秀青年科技基金项目(1808085J19)

Emission characteristics of "oil⁃to⁃gas" dual fuel taxis under actual road conditions

Ji-guang WANG^1,^2,³(),Hua-qiao GUI^1,²,Zhi-wen YANG³,Da-wei QU⁴(),Tong-zhu YU^1,²,Hong-jun MAO⁵

^1.Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics，Hefei Institutes of Physical Science，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Hefei 230031，China
^2.Science Island Branch of Graduate School，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
^3.China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. ，Ltd. ，Tianjin 300300，China
^4.College of Automotive Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
^5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering，Nankai University，Tianjin 300071，China

Received:2021-06-03 Online:2023-01-01 Published:2023-07-23
Contact: Da-wei QU E-mail:wangjiguang@catarc.ac.cn;qudawei@jlu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究和评估传统汽油出租车开展“油改气”对排放的影响，在唐山市选择2辆典型的国Ⅳ和国Ⅴ阶段“油改气”双燃料出租车作为测试车辆，利用车载排放测试系统（PEMS）SEMTECH-DS和ELPI开展实际道路气态污染物（CO、CO₂、NO _x ）和颗粒物数量（PN）排放测试，研究分析“油改气”双燃料出租车在不同道路类型和速度工况下污染物排放特征及差异。结果表明：相比汽油燃料，以天然气为燃料时2辆测试车辆CO、CO₂和PN综合排放因子分别降低31.0%~88.6%、19.8%~23.8%和 79.3%~85.7%，而NO _x 综合平均排放因子分别提高4.4和1.7倍。其中CO₂、PN以及国Ⅳ测试车辆CO在不同道路类型/速度区间的排放因子均明显降低，而国Ⅴ测试车辆CO除在市区道路/低速区间（车速<50 km/h）排放因子降低外，在郊区和车速>50 km/h中高速度区间内却相对升高。“油改气”双燃料有效降低各粒径段PN排放，在粒径9 nm处PN峰值浓度下降了79.7%~82.5%。在两种燃料条件下，测试车辆粒径小于23 nm的PN排放占总PN排放的71.6%~96.9%，且国Ⅴ显著高于国Ⅳ、天然气燃料高于汽油燃料。

关键词: 实际道路, 油改气双燃料, 出租车, 车载排放测试系统, 颗粒物, 气态污染物

Abstract:

In order to study and evaluate the impact of "oil-to-gas" in traditional gasoline taxis on emissions， two typical China Ⅳ and China Ⅴ "oil-to-gas" dual-fuel taxis were selected as test vehicles in Tangshan City， the actual road gaseous pollutants （CO， CO₂， NO _x ） and particulate matter （PN） emission were tested by PEMS （SEMTECH-DS and ELPI）， and the emission characteristics and differences of "oil-to-gas" dual-fuel taxis under different road types and speed conditions. The results show that compared with gasoline fuel， the CO， CO₂ and PN emission factors of two test vehicles fueled by CNG were reduced by 31.0%~88.6%， 19.8%~23.8% and 79.3%~85.7% respectively， while NO _x emission factors were increased by 4.4 and 1.7 times respectively. Meanwhile， the CO₂， PN， and China Ⅳ test vehicle CO emission factors in different road types/speed ranges were significantly reduced， while China Ⅴ test vehicles CO emission factors were reduced except for urban roads/low-speed ranges （vehicle speeds <50 km/h）， it was relatively higher in the suburbs and in the middle and high speed range where the vehicle speed higher than 50 km/h. The "oil-to-gas" dual fuel effectively reduced the PN emission in each particle size section， and the peak PN concentration at the particle size 9 nm was reduced by 79.7% to 82.5%. Under the two fuel conditions， the PN emissions of test vehicles with a particle size of less than 23 nm accounted for 71.6%~96.9% of the total PN emissions， and the China V was significantly higher than the China Ⅳ， and the natural gas fuel was higher than the gasoline fuel.

Key words: actual road, “oil-to-gas” dual-fuel, taxi, portable environmental measuring system（PEMS）, particulate matter, gaseous emissions

中图分类号:

U467.1

王计广,桂华侨,杨志文,曲大为,余同柱,毛洪钧. 实际道路工况下“油改气”双燃料出租车的排放特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(1): 94-104.

Ji-guang WANG,Hua-qiao GUI,Zhi-wen YANG,Da-wei QU,Tong-zhu YU,Hong-jun MAO. Emission characteristics of "oil⁃to⁃gas" dual fuel taxis under actual road conditions[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(1): 94-104.

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参数	No.1	No.2
车辆品牌	北京现代
燃料类型	汽油/CNG双燃料（油改气）
发动机技术	自然吸气+多点电喷+CVVT
基准/总质量t	1.29/1.66	1.32/1.65
发动机最大功率/kW	90.2	82
排量/L	1.6	1.6
排放控制技术	TWC	TWC
排放标准	国Ⅴ	国Ⅳ
生产制造日期	2017.04	2012.12
注册登记日期	2017.06	2013.03
已行驶里程/km	127 978	723 303
挡位	6挡手动	5挡手动

道路 /工况类型	速度 /（km·h^-1）	RPA /（m·s^-2）	停车次数 /km	工况比例/%
道路 /工况类型	速度 /（km·h^-1）	RPA /（m·s^-2）	停车次数 /km	加速	匀速	减速	怠速
市区	24.5±1.0	0.201±0.014	1.39±0.09	33.1±1.9	13.3±1.6	23.3±0.9	30.2±2.5
郊区	71.1±2.1	0.096±0.027	—	29.9±8.8	49.1±13.2	21.0±4.7	0
高速	96.6±1.7	0.044±0.011	—	6.6±5.1	84.5±9.9	9.0±5.1	0
综合	33.6±1.7	0.150±0.009	0.85±0.04	31.2±1.9	21.2±1.4	22.2±1.0	25.4±1.9
NEDC	33.6	0.111	1.2	23.2	37.6	16.6	22.6
WLTC	46.6	0.152	0.4	30.6	27.8	29	12.6
CLTC	29	0.166	0.8	28.8	22.7	26.4	22.1

排放标准	道路类型	燃料种类	NO _x / （g·km^-1）	CO₂/ （g·km^-1）	CO/ （g·km^-1）	PN/ km
国Ⅴ	市区	CNG	0.10±0.01	220±4	0.3±0.11	1.2E+10
	市区	汽油	0.08±0.03	276±33	1.12±0.19	4.4E+12
	郊区	CNG	0.10±0.01	108±1	1.15±0.2	9.8E+11
	郊区	汽油	0.04±0.01	149±13	0.63±0.52	1.3E+13
	高速	CNG	0.09±0.01	118±3	1.58±0.21	4.2E+13
	高速	汽油	0.05±0.02	159±2	1.45±0.51	2.1E+14
	综合	CNG	0.10±0.01	173±4	0.78±0.05	9.1E+12
	综合	汽油	0.06±0.02	227±16	1.13±0.09	4.4E+13
国Ⅳ	市区	CNG	1.69±0.1	206±3	2.37±0.19	4.3E+11
	市区	汽油	0.30±0.07	249±10	18.98±1.98	1.0E+13
	郊区	CNG	1.35±0.2	114±6	1.36±0.12	3.2E+12
	郊区	汽油	0.25±0.07	141±9	14.06±3.14	4.0E+13
	高速	CNG	1.47±0.14	114±4	1.1±0.28	1.9E+13
	高速	汽油	0.33±0.02	146±5	12.41±4.87	1.0E+14
	综合	CNG	1.57±0.11	170±2	1.95±0.13	5.0E+12
	综合	汽油	0.29±0.06	212±6	17.14±1.98	3.5E+13

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实际道路工况下“油改气”双燃料出租车的排放特征

Emission characteristics of "oil⁃to⁃gas" dual fuel taxis under actual road conditions

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