Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 3554-3563.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240288

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Precision grouping method for the diameter of large-sized bearing steel balls based on micro machine vision

Yan-qing LI1(),Qi TANG1,Yue ZHANG1,Chang XU1(),Hang XIU2   

  1. 1.School of Electromechanical Engineering，Changchun University of Science and Technology，Changchun 130022，China
    2.Chongqing Research Institute，Changchun University of Science and Technology，Chongqing 401135，China
  • Received:2024-03-21 Online:2025-11-01 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Chang XU E-mail:liyanqing@cust.edu.cn;2020800042@cust.edu.cn

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Abstract:

A method for relative measurement and grouping the diameter of large-sized bearing steel balls based on micro machine vision is proposed in this article. The method transformation from the difference in diameter of steel balls to the change in slit width is achieved through a micro-deformation elastic mechanism. The steel balls to be tested in the same batch are used as reference balls， and the difference in slit width between subsequent steel balls and reference balls is used as the grouping basis. CMOS cameras and coaxial microscopes are used to capture slit images， and preprocess the images with grayscale， mixed bilateral filtering， and threshold segmentation. Edges in the image are extracted by the improved Canny operator and Zernike moment sub-pixel algorithm to achieve accurate localization， the Ransac method is used to fit edge points， and the "one point， one line method" is proposed to achieve feature localization between different images， completing slit width calculation within the feature area. Five groups of micro-deformation elastic mechanisms are built using different materials， according to the repeatability comparison results， the hardened 304 elastic plate corresponding mechanism was selected to build a prototype. The experiments results show that the method can measure and group steel balls with a diameter of 30~100 mm， and the detection accuracy can reach 0.2 μm. The difference in diameter of steel balls in the same group after grouping is ≤0.4 μm.

Key words: large-sized bearing steel balls, micro machine vision, relative measurement, diameter grouping

CLC Number: 

  • TG806

Fig.1

Physical diagram of detection system hardware"

Fig.2

Physical diagrm of dark box"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of the positioning and measurement device principle"

Fig.4

Original and grayscale images of slit images"

Fig.5

Filter effect"

Fig.6

Threshold segmentation effect"

Fig.7

Edge detection effect"

Fig.8

Ideal step model"

Fig.9

Subpixel edge detection results"

Fig.10

Edge fitting effect"

Fig.11

Small connected domains"

Fig.12

Schematic diagram of "one point， one line method""

Fig.13

5 sets of micro-deformation elastic mechanisms"

Table 1

Range and coefficient of variation of pixel size for slit width"

序号

标准差

/pixel

均值

/pixel

极差

/pixel

变异系数

/%

1#13.21 940.649.00.68
2#9.02 020.138.00.44
3#9.83 375.033.70.29
4#2.12 948.47.30.073
5#2.22 824.29.70.077

Table 2

Acceptance standards for precision steel balls"

球等级球形变动量球形误差表面粗糙度
G30.080.080.01
G50.130.130.014

Fig.14

Schematic diagram of grouping intervals"

Table 3

Grouping results"

像素尺寸/pixel相互差/pixel实际尺寸/μm组别
1#*2 902.70.00.001
2#2 904.31.60.031
3#2 929.026.30.482
4#2 898.2-4.5-0.081
5#2 911.38.60.161
6#2 923.620.80.381
7#2 933.130.40.552
8#2 894.7-8.0-0.151
9#2 907.44.70.091
10#2 916.613.90.251
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