青饲玉米收获机械切碎装置参数优化试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20191083

Abstract

Abstract:

Chopping is one of the most important working processes of forage maize harvester. However, high energy consumption and poor mincing quality seriously restrict the effect of chopping process. The specific energy consumption and the standard grass length were directly affected by working parameters of chopping devices. Therefore, working parameters optimization test was carried out on chopping devices of forage maize harvester. The cutter head speed, feeding speed and feeding inclination angle were selected as the test factors. The better levels of the three test factors were obtained by single factor experiment. The better levels of cutter head speed ranged from 1 000 to 1 200 r/min. The better levels of feeding speed ranged from 3 to 4 m/s. The better levels of feeding inclination angle ranged from 8° to 10°. Based on single factor test results, the optimal combination of three test factors and regression model were obtained by orthogonal test. The optimal factor combination for minimum specific energy consumption was cutter head speed 1 005 r/min, feeding speed 4 m/s, feeding angle 8.4°. The optimal factor combination of maximum standard grass rate was the cutter head speed 1 200 r/min, the feeding speed 3.5 m/s, and the feeding angle 8.5°. The optimal factor combination of chopping comprehensive weighted index was the cutter head speed 1 200 r/min, the feeding speed 4 m/s, and the feeding angle 8°. The regression models were verified by field test. The relative error of regression model of specific energy consumption was 5.23%. The relative error of regression model of standard grass rate was 3.15%.The results show that the regression models were reliable.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, forage maize, harvester, chopping, working parameters, optimization experiment

CLC Number:

S225.5

Zhao XUE,Jun FU,Zhi CHEN,Feng-de WANG,Shao-ping HAN,Lu-quan REN. Optimization experiment on parameters of chopping device of forage maize harvester[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2020, 50(2): 739-748.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Table 1

Factors and levels of single factor test"

水平	因素
水平	切碎装置转速 $x 1$ /(r·min^-1)	喂入速度 $x 2$ /(m·s^-1)	喂入倾角 $x 3$ /(°)
1	800	2.0	5
2	900	2.5	6
3	1 000	3.0	7
4	1 100	3.5	8
5	1 200	4.0	9
6		4.5	10
7			11
8			12
9			13

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Factors and code levels of test"

水平	因素
水平	切碎装置转速 $x 1$ /(r·min^-1)	喂入速度 $x 2$ /(m·s^-1)	喂入倾角 $x 3$ /(°)
-1	1 000	3.0	8
0	1 100	3.5	9
1	1 200	4.0	10

Table 2

Table 3

Regression design of experiment and response values"

试验序号	试验因素			切碎比能耗 $y 1$ /(kW·h·t^-1)	标准草长率 $y 2$ /%
试验序号	$x 1$	$x 2$	$x 3$	切碎比能耗 $y 1$ /(kW·h·t^-1)	标准草长率 $y 2$ /%
1	-1	-1	0	7.61	91.76
2	1	-1	0	8.62	95.98
3	-1	1	0	7.35	93.90
4	1	1	0	7.91	95.14
5	-1	0	-1	7.19	91.20
6	1	0	-1	7.95	96.70
7	-1	0	1	7.59	93.44
8	1	0	1	8.52	96.28
9	0	-1	-1	7.67	92.36
10	0	1	-1	7.21	94.52
11	0	-1	1	7.87	93.90
12	0	1	1	7.43	94.08
13	0	0	0	8.04	94.44
14	0	0	0	7.96	94.64
15	0	0	0	7.97	94.62
16	0	0	0	7.97	94.50
17	0	0	0	7.99	94.38

Table 3

Table 4

Variance analysis of quadratic response surface regression model"

方差来源	切碎比能耗 $y 1$		标准草长率 $y 2$
方差来源	F值	P值	F值	P值
模型	44.13	<0.000 1**	19.99	0.000 3**
$x 1$	209.70	<0.000 1**	129.42	<0.000 1**
$x 2$	69.00	<0.000 1**	9.00	0.019 9*
$x 3$	38.12	0.000 5**	5.79	0.047 0*
$x 1 x 2$	7.99	0.025 5*	12.07	0.010 3*
$x 1 x 3$	1.14	0.321 0	9.62	0.017 3*
$x 2 x 3$	0.016	0.903 5	5.33	0.054 3
$x 12$	3.94	0.087 5	0.78	0.406 7
$x 22$	24.12	0.001 7**	5.85	0.046 2*
$x 32$	41.71	0.000 3**	2.00	0.200 3
失拟项	13.02	0.015 7*	32.51	0.002 9**

Table 4

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 5

Results of validation test in field"

指标	切碎比能耗最优组合		标准草长率最优组合		切碎作业综合指标最优组合
指标	$y 1$ /(kW·h·t^-1)	$y 2$ / %	$y 1$ /(kW·h·t^-1)	$y 2$ / %	$y 1$ /(kW·h·t^-1)	$y 2$ / %
相对误差/%	5.01	3.32	3.48	2.49	5.23	3.15
试验值	7.55	90.2	8.63	94.10	7.85	93.10
预测值	7.19	93.3	8.34	96.50	7.46	96.13

Table 5

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Optimization experiment on parameters of chopping device of forage maize harvester

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