基于改进深度代理模型的挖掘机铲斗结构优化设计

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240322

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to optimize the design of excavator bucket structure and reduce the excavation energy consumption， this paper builds a joint simulation and optimization platform based on SOLIDWORKS， ADAMS， EDEM and MATLAB， and establishes a global optimization method for a medium-sized backhoe hydraulic excavator， which takes the maximal excavation load and strength of the bucket as the constraints， and the quality of the bucket and the unit excavation energy consumption as the optimization objectives. Through combined simulation of multibody dynamics and particle dynamics， load characteristics of the excavator during operation under different working conditions were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients show a very strong correlation between experimental and simulated loads on the key hinge points of the bucket rod and boom， confirming the feasibility of using combined simulation to replace actual excavation operations. Multilayer perceptron （MLP） is used as the surrogate model and the parameters and hyper-parameters of MLP are optimized using Adam， Hyperband algorithm. The coefficients of determination R² of MLP for bucket mass， maximum excavation load， excavation mass and excavation energy consumption are 0.999， 0.943， 0.933， 0.984 for Case Ⅱ； the R² of MLP are 0.999， 0.944， 0.918， 0.925 for Case Ⅳ. The optimized MLP is combined with the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm to iteratively optimize the bucket structure. The results show that the optimized bucket achieves a mass reduction of 7.06 % and a unit excavation energy consumption reduction of 6.47 % under the premise of meeting the requirements of the maximum excavation load and strength.

Key words: machine design and theory, excavator bucket, surrogate model, optimized design, Adam algorithm

CLC Number:

TU621

Yi-xin CHEN,Zai-xu CHEN,Yong-sheng LIU,Shuai YANG,Hao-jie GUO,Jin-san JIA. Structural optimization design of excavator bucket based on improved depth surrogate model[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(11): 3485-3497.

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材料参数	密度/（kg·m^-3）	泊松比	剪切模量/Pa
铲斗	7 801	0.29	2.09×10¹¹
Ⅱ类土	1 800	0.25	1×10⁷

接触参数	恢复系数	静摩擦因数	动摩擦因数
Ⅱ类土-Ⅱ类土	0.35	0.8	0.1
Ⅱ类土-铲斗	0.5	0.7	0.3

尺寸变量	R₁/mm	L/mm	B/mm	D₁/mm	A/（°）	R₂/mm	D₂/mm
原始尺寸	487	376	1 042	9	4.73	1 800	15
上边界	537	406	1 142	11	10	1 950	18
下边界	437	346	942	7	0	1 650	12

超参数	下界	上界
学习率α	1×10^-6	1×10^-3
网络层数k	3	5
隐藏层神经元数量n^（^k^）	10	100

评估方法	铲斗质量	最大挖掘载荷	挖掘质量	挖掘能耗
R²	0.999	0.942	0.933	0.984
RMSE	1.241	1 732.905	21.034	1 890.9
MAE	2.803	4 975.78	40.900	4 007.9
MRAE	0.0027	0.052 9	0.040	0.018

Structural optimization design of excavator bucket based on improved depth surrogate model

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评估方法	铲斗质量	最大挖掘载荷	挖掘质量	挖掘能耗
R²	0.999	0.944	0.918	0.925
RMSE	1.722	622.028	18.641	2 159.9
MAE	3.010	1 289.6	29.384	4 030.4
MRAE	0.003	0.023	0.032	0.028 1

尺寸变量	R₁	L	B	D₁	A/（°）	R₂	D₂
变化率/%	-5.61	7.94	-3.06	-22.11	-63.58	1.04	-19.80
优化前	487	376	1042	9	4.73	1 800	15
优化后	459.70	405.87	1 010.13	7.01	1.73	1 818.65	12.03

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