早期干预对食物过敏婴儿其他过敏性疾病发生的预防作用

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587x.20200430

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：探讨早期干预对食物过敏婴儿其他过敏性疾病发生的预防作用，为探讨阻断食物过敏婴儿其他过敏疾病发生的措施提供参考。方法：采用前瞻性研究设计，以2017年1—10月广东省中山市博爱医院出生的新生儿5 712名作为研究对象，至2018年10月随访期间共确诊食物过敏患儿274例，根据是否进行规范干预以及规范干预同时是否添加益生菌分为规范干预组（n=134）、规范干预同时添加益生菌组（n=69）和不规范或无干预组（n=71），同时选取同期正常体检无食物过敏婴儿187名作为对照组。6和12个月后观察研究对象过敏性疾病的发生情况，并检测各组研究对象外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）百分率和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）水平。结果：4组研究对象年龄、性别和家庭环境比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随访6和12个月后，4组研究对象湿疹、喘息或持续咳嗽和哮喘发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），其中不规范或无干预组患儿上述过敏性疾病发生率明显高于对照组（P<0.016 7）。随访6个月后，4组研究对象过敏性鼻炎发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），而在随访12个月后不规范或无干预组患儿过敏性鼻炎发生率明显高于对照组（P<0.0167）。随访12个月后，4组研究对象外周血EOS百分率和TGF-β1水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；与对照组比较，其余各组患儿外周血EOS百分率和TGF-β1水平明显升高（P<0.05）；与不规范或无干预组比较，规范干预组和规范干预同时添加益生菌组患儿外周血EOS百分率和TGF-β1水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论：对婴儿食物过敏进行早期干预可以减少其他过敏性疾病的发生，采取添加益生菌等在内的综合防治措施可阻断食物过敏婴儿其他过敏性疾病的发展进程。

关键词: 食物过敏, 饮食干预, 过敏性疾病, 益生菌, 婴儿

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of early intervention on the occurrence of other allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy, and to provide the reference for exploring the measures to prevent the occurrence of other allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy. Methods: A prospective study design was adopted in our study and 5 712 neonates born in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2017 were selected as the subjects. As of October 2018, a total of 274 infants with food allergy were diagnosed. They were divided into standard intervention group(n=134),standard intervention with probiotics addition group(n=69) and non-standard or non-intervention group(n=71) according to whether standard intervention was carried out and whether probiotics were added along with the intervention. Meanwhile, 187 infants without food allergies at the same period were selected as control group. The incidence of allergic diseases was recorded at 6 and 12 months after enrollment, and the percentages of eosinophil (EOS) and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels in peripheral blood of the subjects in various groups were detected. Results: There were no significant differences in the age, gender and family environment among the four groups (P> 0.05).After 6 and 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of eczema, wheezing or persistent cough and asthma had significant differences among the four groups(P<0.01), and the incidence of the above allergic diseases in non-standard or non-intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.016 7). After 6 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of allergic rhinitis among the four groups (P>0.05); but after 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of allergic rhinitis in non-standard or non-intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.016 7).After 12 months of follow-up, the differences in EOS percentage and TGF-β1 levels in peripheral blood were significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05). Compared with control group,the peripheral blood EOS percentage and the TGF-β1 level in non-standard or non-intervention group were significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with non-standard or non-intervention group, the EOS percentages and the TGF-β1 levels in peripheral blood in standard intervention group and standard intervention with probiotics addition group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early intervention in the infants with food allergy can reduce the incidence of allergic diseases. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and treatment measures including the addition of probiotics should be adopted to block the process of allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy.

Key words: food allergy, dietary intervention, allergic disease, probiotics, infant

中图分类号:

R725.6

陈昂, 王桂兰, 刘翔腾, 张泉山. 早期干预对食物过敏婴儿其他过敏性疾病发生的预防作用[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2020, 46(04): 851-857.

CHEN ANG, WANG Guilan, LIU Xiangteng, ZHANG Quanshan. Preventive effect of early intervention on occurrence of other allergic diseases in infants with food allergy[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2020, 46(04): 851-857.

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