吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 831-838.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250330

• 综述 • 上一篇    

以Tat为靶点的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型潜伏库治疗策略的研究进展

胡浩博,桓晨()   

  1. 吉林大学第一医院艾滋病与病毒研究所,吉林 长春 130021
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15 接受日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 桓晨 E-mail:lmsxsml@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:胡浩博(1999-),男,辽宁省阜新市人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事病毒与宿主相互关系方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82372239);吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(20210101300JC);吉林省科技厅分子病毒学重点实验室项目(20102209)

Research progress in therapeutic strategy of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 latenty by targeting Tat

Haobo HU,Chen HUAN()   

  1. Institute of Virology and AIDS Research,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
  • Received:2024-03-15 Accepted:2024-05-11 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Chen HUAN E-mail:lmsxsml@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)潜伏库是目前治愈获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的主要障碍。反式激活蛋白(Tat)为HIV-1编码的调节蛋白,通过促进HIV-1转录影响潜伏库的建立和激活。以Tat蛋白为靶点的抑制剂通过降低Tat蛋白水平和干扰Tat蛋白的促转录功能抑制病毒反弹。在HIV-1潜伏库治疗的2种策略中,以Tat蛋白抑制剂为基础提出的“阻断和锁定”策略能够靶向HIV-1蛋白或宿主因子,同时干扰组蛋白表观遗传修饰,促使前病毒永久沉默,即使在中断治疗后也能够维持HIV-1潜伏状态。二脱氢皮质抑素A(dCA)、雷公藤甲素和阿帕塔隆衍生物Q308等Tat蛋白相关抑制剂可通过不同机制调控HIV-1潜伏。现就Tat对HIV-1潜伏库的调控作用、以Tat蛋白为靶点的HIV-1潜伏库治疗策略及其相关抑制剂的作用机制进行综述,旨在为HIV-1功能性治愈的药物研究提供参考。

关键词: 获得性免疫缺陷综合征, 反式激活蛋白, 人类免疫缺陷病毒1型潜伏库, “阻断和锁定”策略, 功能性治愈

Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latent reservoirs pose the primary obstacle to curing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transactivator(Tat), a regulatory protein encoded by HIV-1, influences the establishment and reactivation of latent reservoirs by promoting viral transcription. Inhibitors targeting Tat protein suppress viral rebound by reducing Tat protein levels and disrupting its transcription-promoting functions. Among the two strategies for treating HIV-1 latent reservoirs, the “block-and-lock” strategy, which is based on Tat protein inhibitors, aims to target HIV-1 proteins or host factors while interfering with histone epigenetic modifications, thereby permanently silencing proviral DNA and maintaining HIV-1 latency even after treatment discontinuation. Tat-related inhibitors such as didehydrocortistatin A (dCA), triptolide, and apalutamide-derived Q308 regulate HIV-1 latency through distinct mechanisms. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of Tat in HIV-1 latency, Tat protein inhibitor-based therapeutic strategies for targeting latent reservoirs, and the mechanisms of action of related inhibitors, with the goal of providing insights for the development of drugs toward achieving functional HIV-1 cure.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Transactivator, HIV-1 latent reservoir, “Block-and-lock”strategy, Functional cure

中图分类号: 

  • R512.91