Objective To investigate the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors flt-1 and KDR in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods MSCs were separated from bone marrow with Percoll reagent and expanded in culture medium. The surface antigens were detected, the labelled cells were analysed on a FACScan flow cytometer. The flt-1 and KDR expressi ons in MSCs were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). RT-PCR was used to detect the changes of flt-1 and KDR expressions treated with VEGF. Results Cultured MSCs were expanded as undifferentiated cells and the purity reached 95%. VEGF receptors flt-1 and KDR were positive in MSCs and the positive substance lied in cytoplasm and membrane of the cells. In MSCs treated with VEGF, the expression of flt-1 mRNA was increased, and the expression of KDR mRNA had not significant change, compared with control group.

Objective To induce immature dendritic cells(imDCs) and mature dendritic cells from human peripheral blood monocyte, and to testify the induction of allo-hypo-immuno-responsiveness by imDCs in vitro. Methods Monocytes were cultured with the medium including GM-CSF, IL-4 or TNF-α. In immaturation of DCs, the secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) assay was used in vitro to analyze response of T cells activated by allogenic imDCs to T cells from the same one as DCs and the other one. Results DCs in the immaturation and maturation phases expressed CD14 molecules. The endocytosis ability of these DCs peaked at the seventh day in culture, and the endocytosis ability of the DCs was better than that of the monocytes in culture for the same time (P＜001). In the secondary MLR, pretreated by imDCs, T cells showed low responsiveness to T cells from the same on e as imDCs, while a strong proliferation to the other one′s T cells could be detected. Conclusion imDCs with the middling level of costimulate molecules could induce an specific allo-hypo-immuno-responsiveness in vitro.

Objective To study the cell biology regularity of double layer cultured artificial skin. Methods The double layer cultured artificial skin of rat was reconstructed by using tissue engineering technology. The contractile indexes of the double layer cultured artificial skin were detected everyday, the synthesis ability of DNA was evaluated by ³H-TdR incorporation method and the synthesis ability of collagen protein was evaluated by ³H-proline method. Results Within 12 days of cultureng, the contractile index of cultured artificial skin was about 5%. After the 14th day, the contractile index of cultured artificiaskin was among 14%-27%. After the 23th day of culturing, the contractile index of cultured artificial skin was retained about 30%. The incorporation efficiencies of ³H-TdR and ³H-proline were increaced gradually. Conclusion The double layer cultured artificial skin has low ability of contractile and high abilities of proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of intracranial terminal aneurysms and analysis the possible mechanism of growth and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Methods Some images of intracranial terminal aneurysms were handled by some image processing software. The profile meshed by some computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software were used to simulate the flow. Results From the beginning to 0.4 s of every cardiac cycle, the velocity had a sharp change and vortex existed across the inlet in unsteady condition. The velocity decreased and came into be nearly stagnant when it acrossed the aneurysm neck and vortex came into being inside aneurysm. The velocity of the distal end of aneurysm was very slow and sometime its value was zero. Conclusion The hemodynamics of terminal aneurysms is very complex. The velocity in the neck has a sharp change and vortex exist during the period of 0-0.5 s. Under the impact of blood stream，the aneurysm neck begins to append and the aneurysm comcs to grow or rupture. It always happens in the distal end of aneurysm，but the velocity is very slow. Maybe the oscillation work was a risk factor for aneurysm rupture.

Objective To observe the antalgic effects and addiction of Armadillidium of water abstracts (AVW) isolated from Armadillidium Vulgare in mice. Methods The mice writhing nociceptive test, hot-plate nociceptive test, the rat radiate hot irradiating nociceptive test, the mice tail-erecting test and the mice jumping test were used to study the pharmacodynamics effects of the analgesia and addiction of AVW in mice. Results AVW had obvious inhibitory effects on the mice writhing nociception and the effects increased in a dose-dependent manner. The three groups with different dosages of AVW could obviously increase the pain threshold in mice by hot-plate nociceptive test. AVW of 150 and 300 mg·kg^-1 decreased the sensitivities of the rat radiate hot irradiating nociception. There were obvious differences between administration group, pre-administration group and control group in the hot-plate and the rat radiate hot irradi ating nociceptive tests（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Addiction was not found while AVW were administrate repeatedly and regularly. Conclusion AVW have obvious inhibitory effects in some pain models and have not addition.

Objective To explore the effects of wild ginseng fruit saponins (WGFS) on hemodynamics in isolated rat hearts. Methods The isolated rat hearts were prepared and the effects of WGFS on HR, AP, LVSP, LVEDP, and ±dp/dt_max were observed. Results WGFS slowed HR and reduced AP, LVSP, and ±dp/dt_max (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. WGFS had no remarka ble effect on LVEDP（P>0.05）. Conclusion WGFS has the effects of negative frequency named restraining cardiac muscle contraction and stretch function, and reducing rhythum of the heart and blood pressure.

Objective To study the effects of Qiyue hypolipidemic tablets (QHT) on blood lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups at random: normal contrast group, hyperlipidemic model group, positive contrast group and QHT 7.0, 3.5, 1.75 g·kg^-1 groups. These rats were continuously fed for four weeks. So the preventive effects of QHT on experimental hyperlipidemic rats could be observed. After the rats were fed with high-fat feed for one week, they were treated with 7.0，3.5, and 1.75 g·kg^-1 doses of QHT for three weeks. The therapeutical effects of QHT on experimental hyperlipidemia in rats were observed. Results Every dose of QHT could decrease the serum TG, TC, LDL-C , TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C and AI in hyperlipidemic rats. And the the raputical dose of QHT increased the serum HDL-C in experimental hyperlipidemic rat model. Conclusion QHT have preventive and therapeutical effects in experimental hyperlipidemia rats.

Objective To study the anti-constipation of corn active polysaccharide and preliminarily explore its mechanism in mice. Methods The normal mice and constipation model mice were selected and fed with corn active polysaccharide. The propelling function of corn active polysaccharide to the gastrointestinal vermicular motion was monitored. The influence of the corn active polysaccharide in the defecation frequency and the time of mice in the two groups were detected. Results The gastrointestinal vermicular motions of normal mice were promoted obviously in doses of 3.50 and 1.75 g·kg^-1, their defecation frequencies were increased 17.80% and 16.85%. The defecation time were shorten 26.87% and 19.70%,respectively. The defecation frequencies of constipation mice were evidently improved and the most efficient dose was 3.5 g·kg^-1. Conclusion The corn active polysaccharide has conspicuously anti-constipation function.

Objective To clone the sequence of cDNA of human obese gene (leptin) coding area and construct a prokaryotic expression vector. Methods Human obese gene was amplified from human fat tissue by RT-PCR and subcloned in pMD18-T ,a clone vector. The sequence of pMD18-T was checked by sequencing and restriction analysis. Expression of E.coli BL21(DE3) and expression products of obese gene induced by IPTG were analyzed with SDS-PAGE. Results It was proved that the cloned leptin cDNA had been constructed with gene recombinant technique. Sequencing and restriction analysis confirmed the sequence of pMD18-T. A 20 000 leptin fusion protein was expressed with high effeciency in recombinant E.coli BL21. Conclusion pMD18-T and pET-28a could highly express recombinant human leptin.

Objective To assess the effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) on proliferation and invasion of PC-3M cell line in vitro. Methods The adhesion assay was used to detect the effects of TIMP-3 on cancer cell adhesion abilities. MTT colorimetry was used to detect the proliferation abilities of PC-3M cells. Monolayer and Boyden chamber invasion assay were performed to assess cell invasion abilities. Results The adhesion rate and proliferation rate of transfected cells containing TIMP-3 gene were significantly lower than those of cells transfected with empty plasmid and untransfected cells (P<0.05). The cell invasion number and index of the former were significantly lower than the others (P<0.05). The differences of adhesion rate, proliferation rate and invasion index between transfected empty plasmid cells and untransfected cells weren′t statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion TIMP-3 can significantly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of human prostate carcinoma PC-3M cell line.

Objective To study the effects of formaldehyde on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidase in mouse brain tissues to explore the neurotoxic action of formaldehyde and its mechanism. Methods The mice in control group were exposed to 0.9% NaCl at 0.1 mL/10 g，the mice in low, moderate and high dose groups were exposed to formaldehyde with 0.2, 2.0, and 20.0 mg·kg^-1 i.p, once per day for seven days, and then the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and the content of MDA in mice were measured. Results The content of MDA in mouse brain tissues was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01) after exposure to 20.0 mg·kg^-1（1/200 LD₅₀）formaldehyde; the SOD activitiy and the GSH-Px activitiy in mouse brain tissues were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05) after exposure to 20.0 mg·kg^-1（1/20 LD₅₀） and 2.0 mg·kg^-1（1/200 LD₅₀） formaldehyde. Conclusion Formaldehyde might induce the lipid peroxidation, decrease the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and cause the oxidative damage in mouse brain tissues.

Objective To study the reproductive and developmental toxicities of methylmercury (MeHg) on male mice. Methods The dominant lethal test and the sperm abnormalities test were used to study the reproductive and developmental toxicities of MeHg on male mice. Results Different doses of MeHg could decrease the ratio of mating of male mice and the fertilization of female mice. The fertilization rate of 1/10 LD₅₀ group was 70.8%, and it had no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). Living fetus per litter, the mean nidation fetus and the amount of offspring were reduced by the increase of MeHg, and there were significant differences between experimental and control groups (P<0.05); It was observed that different MeHg exposure doses could also increase the sperm abnormalities rate and there were significant differences between all the experimental and control groups (P<0.01) except between 1/50 LD₅₀ and 1/10 LD₅₀ groups. Conclusion MeHg can cause the reproductive and developmental toxicities on male mice.

Objective To study the biocompatibility and biodegradation characteristics of poly (L-lactide-coglycolide)(PLGA 80∶20),a kind of biodegradable material to be used for ureteral stent. Methods Pellets made from PLGA were implanted in the dorsal muscle of Wistar rats or dipped into flowing urine. Tissue blocks surrounding the biomaterials and the PLGA pellets were took out on observing days respectively. Histological study was taken to investigate the tissue reaction of the material and evaluate its biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measure ment of molecular weight and gravity were used to make out the biodegradation characteristics of PLGA both in vivo and in vitro. Results The PLGA test pieces degraded into small particles that could be excreted with the urine flow after 6-7 weeks. The biodegradation pattern in vivo was similar to that in vitro. There was no abscess forma tion and tissue necrosis surrounding the implanted materials. Non-infectious reacti ons due to materials implanted were observed. Conclusion The biodegradable material PLGA has good biocompatibility and appropriate biodegradation characteristics and will meet the request for ureteral stents.

Objective To evaluate the effects of bridging by skeletal muscle（semi-anastomsois and semi-implantation method）and nerve graft on defect of the peripheral nerves,discuss the use of semi-anastomsois and semi-implantation method in clinic. Methods Fifteen Wistar rats (weight of 200～300 ｇ) were selected to experiment. The sciatic nerves were sutured by semi-anastomsois and semi-implantation with skeletal muscle on left. At the same time, right common peroneael nerves were treated by the nerve graft, the changes of the two sides were measured after three months. Results After three months,the functions of two legs resumed.By macrography and observing under microscope,nerve electrophysiology, histology, there was no significant difference between two groups in the number regenerated fiber crossed sectional area. The effects of semi-anastomsois and semi-implantat ionwith skeletal muscle was as same as nerve graft. Conclusion The method of semi-anastomsois and semi-implantation with skeletal muscle not only operates easily but also saves time and inosculates reliably.It would be a potential method on restoring nerve defect .It has applicable value.

Objective To observe the effects of carrying murine GM-CSF gene adenovirus vector (AdCMVGM-CSF) on immune response of B16 melanoma bearing mice. Methods B16 melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously at right back of C57/BL6 mice, 24 tumor bearing mice were divided into 2 groups at random, when tumor diameter attained to 5 mm, AdCMVGM-CSF and AdCMVLacZ were injected in different groups (5×10⁶/mouse), respectively, immune responses of each group were tested, and the inhibitory effects of AdCMVGM-CSF and A dCMVLacZ on B16 melanoma were observed. Results Compared with control group, serum GM-CSF level attained to top in experiment group at 10th day，was (1 563.72±136.58)ng·L^-1 (P＜0.01), the expression of CD8＋ T lymphocyte around tumor tissue was high. Conclusion AdCMVGM-CSF can enhance the anti-tumor immune response of B16 melanoma bearing mice and inhibit the growth of tumor.

Objective To investigate the gene expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β₁ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in various periods and to study the effects of cytokines on PF. Methods Forty male mice were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=10), and poured respective ly by bleomycin solutions and saline and killed on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th day. RT-PCR method was used to analyse the mRNA expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β₁. Results ①The expressions of IL-10 mRNA and TGF-β₁ mRNA were increased in BALF in experimental group (P<0.05),with the maximum on the 14th and 7th days. ②The mRNA expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β₁ had a remarked increase in lung tissues in experimental group(P<0.01), with the maximum on the 14th and 7th days. Conclusion The mRNA expression time of IL-10 and TGF-β₁ are different, by which the degrees and activities of PF can be judged. They play an important role in PF. pulmonary fibrosis, bronchoalveolar lavage fluide, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor beta

Objective To investigate the influences of low dose radiation (LDR) on the inhibitory effects of tumor-associated antigen peptide (TAP) extract of H-22 hepatocarcinoma in mice. Methods Mild acid elution method was applied to prepare TAP extract (MW≤3 000) from tumor cell membrane. The mice were given by whole-body irradiation (WBI) with 75 mGy X-rays 12 h before immunization with TAP extract. After immunization, the cell cycle progression of the thymocytes was detected with flow cytometry, the response of the splenocytes to Con A and the percentage of T cell subsets in splenocytes were analyzed. Meantime, the tumor-inhibited effect was observed in vivo. Results The present experiment showed that the TAP extract reduced the incidence of the transplanted tumor, delayed the average appearing time and decreased the growth speed of the tumor. The response of the splenocytes to Con A increased significantly as compared with that in the control group after mice were immunized with TAP extract, but there were no changes in the cell cycle progression of thymocytes. WBI with 75 mGy X-rays given to the mice 12 h before immunization could enhance the inhibitory effects of TAP extract, the percentage of S phase increased significantly as compared with that in the TAP extract group, and the percentage of the CD8+ splenocytes increased. Conclusion The results suggest that LDR can efficiently activate the function of immune system, and enhance the inhibitory effects of the TAP extract.

Objective To explore the protective effects of egg-milk with metallothionein (MT) on mice damaged by irradiation. Methods After the mice were irradiated with 2.5 Gy (12.5 mGy·min^-1) X-rays, they were fed with egg-milk with MT for 14 days. The level of WBC in peripheral blood, lymphocyte proliferation rate, DNA content in marrow cells, malondiadehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) in liver and kidney were measured. Results After the irradiated mice were fed with egg-milk with MT, especially in the egg-milk with MT of mild and high doses plus irradiation groups, the WBC number, lymphocyte proliferation rate and DNA content of marrow cells in the mice were significantly higher than those in the irradiation group (P<0.01), at the same time, the percentage of thymocyte G0/G₁ phase of these mice were significantly lower than that of the irradiation group (P<0.01), and the percentage of thymocyte S and G₂/M phase were signifi cantly higher than tho se in the irradiation group　(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the no rmal control, MDA levels in liver and kidney of the irradiation group increased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the antioxidant enzyme activit ies of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05). While in the egg-milk with MT plus irradiation groups, the MDA contents were significantly lower than those in the irradiation group (P<0.01) and the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were significantly higher than those in the irra diation group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion The egg-milk with MT has protective effects on mice injuried by irradiation. Key words：metallothionein/pharmacology; radiation injuries, e xperimental;malondialdehyde; DNA

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on the expression of TGF-β₁ in cerebral cortex during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by thread embolism of middle cerebral artery. Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to sham-operation group (n=5), ischemia-reperfusion group (n=20) and propofol group (n=20), rats were subjected to 2 h of focal ischemia by left middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfused. At 3, 6, 24, and 72 h after reperfusion the rats were decapitated, the expressions of TGF-β₁ in ischemic cortex were tested by immunohistochemical method. At 24 h after reperfusion, scores of neurological deficit were estimated and the change of histomorphology in ischemic cortex was observed under the light microscope by using HE staining. Results The expression of TGF-β₁ increased significantly after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, reached to maximal expression at 24 h after reperfusion (P<0.01), and decreased to normal at 72 h after reperfusion. The scores of neurological deficit in rats increased significant ly. The followings were observed in histomorphology: congestion and edema in ischemic cort ex, degeneration and necrosis of neuron. Expression of TGF-β₁ in pro pofol gr oup increased significantly than that in ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0.05). The scores of neurological deficit and the damage of histomorphology in ischemic cortex lowered than that in propofol group. Conclusion The results show that propofol can stimulate the expression of TGF-β₁ to produce neuroprotection. Key words：propofol/pharmacology; cerebral ischemia; reperfusi on injury; transforming growth factor beta; disease models,animal

Objective To investigate the developmental changes of neonatal bovine retinal horizontal cells in vitro. Methods Dissociated neonatal bovine retinal cells were cultured. Cells grown for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days in vitro were used for immunocytochemical research. Retinal horizontal cells were identified by Calbindin-D28K antibody and the immunoreactivity of stained cells was measured by image analysis system. Results The retinal horizontal cells grown for 20 days in vitro had mature morphological characteristics. The morphology of neurons grown for 30 days and 40 days in vitro was same as that of 20 days in vitro. The immunoreactivity of the stained cells cultured for 20 days in vitro trended to increase when compared with that of 10 days in vitro. The immunoreactivity of cells cultured for 30 days and 40 days in vitro decreased significantly when compared with that of 10 days and 20 days in vitro resp ectively. Conclusion The horizontal cells cultured for 20 days in vitro have mature morphological characteristics and stronger immunoreactivity. They are well developed neurons in vitro.

Interleukin-1β involved in pressor response induced by intracerebral nucleus LU Yang^1,2, QU Xian¹, SU Jian-jun²,ZhANG Ch Objective To study the effects of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) on pressor response induced by intracerebral nucleus. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control groups and experimental groups. The stereotaxic microinjection system was used to inject IL-1β into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or arcurate nucleus, and the effects of IL-1β on pressor response induced by either of these two nuclei were observed. Results ①Microinjection of IL-1β (0.2 ng) into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or arcurate nucleus produced significant press or and tachycardiac responses,there were significant differences compared with control group （P<0.01）;②Preinjection of rabbit anti-interleukin-1β antibody into bilateral hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or arcuate nucleus attenuated the hypertensive response induced by microinjection of 40 nmol sodium glutamate into central amygdaloid, but did not show significant effect on heart rate（P>0.05）, and the change of blood pressure was significant when compared with boiled anti-IL-1β antibody （P<0.01）. Conclusion Pressor effects of central amygdaloid nucleus are mediated by IL-1β in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or arcurate nucleus.

Objective To observe the protective effects of panaxdiols saponin (PDS) on acute cardiogenic shock in dogs. Methods Twenty-four dogs were divided at random into four groups:normal control,positive control,12.5 mg·kg^-1 PDS and 25.0 mg·kg^-1PDS groups.The degree and range of myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction size and the changes of the hemorrheology were determined by using the acute cardiogenic shock models of ligation of LAD in the anaesthetized o pen-chest dogs. Results Compared with normal control group,the degrees and ranges of myocardial ischemia in 12.5 mg·kg^-1 PDS group and 25.0 mg·kg^-1PDS group were decreased significantly (P<0.05，P<0.01), the myocardial infarction sizes were reduced (P<0.05，P<0.01 ) , the whole blood viscosity and hematocrit (HCT) were decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion PDS can decrease the degree and range of myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction size, the whole blood viscosity and HCT in acute cardiogenic shock dogs. PDS has protective effects on acute cardiogenic shock in dogs.

Objective To compare the analgesic effects of matrine and sophoridine. Methods Mice in the experimental groups were administrated in caudal vein to be used for hot-plate, writhing and tenderness tests. Results In hot-plate test, matrine(25 mg·kg^-1) and sophoridine(25 mg·kg^-1,15 mg·kg^-1) could prolong the pain threshold value of mice, and statistically significant differences were obs erved compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Pain threshold values of mice in sophoridine groups were longer than those in matrine groups with the same dosage (P<0.05). In writhing test, matrine and sophoridine could inhibit acetic acid-induced writhing in mice (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Writhing times of mice in sophoridine groups were less than those in matrine groups with the same dosage (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In tenderness test, matrine (25 mg·kg^-1) and sophoridine (25,15 and 10 mg·kg^-1) prolonged reaction time to tenderness (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The persistant time of analgesic effect of matrine was weaker than that of sophoridine (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The analgesic effect of sophoridine is stronger than that of matrine in the same dosage.

Objective To study the preventive effect of Codonopisis Lanceolata (CL) on lipid metabolic disorder in rats and its mechanism. Methods Rats were treated with high-fat diet and the ethanol extract of CL (1.5,3.0, and 6.0 g·kg^-1) simultaneously for 8 weeks. Then the serum TG and other correlated indexes were detected. Results ①The level of TG and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the middle and high doses of CL groups were decreased significantly compared with model group (P<0.05), and nitrogen monoxidum（NO）level and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity were increased (P<0.05). ②The ratio of liver weight to body weight (HW/BW) was lowered gradually in different dose groups and showed dose-effect correlation. It was lower in high dos e group than that in model group significantly (P<0.05). The activities of lipases, including total lipase activity in the liver (LA), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) were increased significantly in the middle and high doses of CL groups compared with model group (P<0.05), and showed dose-effect correlation. Conclusion Increasing LA to accelerate the lipid metabolism and increasing the activity of anti-oxidant to inhibit the produce of lipid peroxidation is one of the main mechanism of CL regulating blood lipid. Key words：Codonopsis Lanceolata; lipid metabolic disorder; ni tric-oxide synthase; lipolyic enzyme；triglycerides

Objective To observe the protective effects of Fosinopril on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by 30 min coronary occulusion and 24 h reperfusion in opened-chest anesthetized rats. The changes of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ser um were determined. Morphology of myocardial tissue was observed with optics and electron microscopes. Results Fosinopril decreased significantly the serum MDA content and AST, LDH and CK-MB activities as well as increased the serum SOD and GSH-Px activities. It also reduced edema and injury of ultrastructure in myocardial tissue. Conclusion Fosinopril has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to scavenging the oxygen free radicals formed during reperfusion. Key words：Fosinopril/pharmacology; myocardial reperfusion inj ury; myocardial enzymes; free radicals; myocardium/pathology

Objective To observe the morphologic changes of the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to estimate if Rosiglitazone can prevent or protect the morphologic changes of SHR. Methods 24 SHR rats were randomly divided into Rosiglitazone group and control group. Rosiglitazone was put into the drinking water. The observing time was 8 weeks.In the end of the observation,the kidney specimens were obtained.The morphologic changes were observed under light and electron microscopes. Results Compared with control group, Rosiglitazone could reduce the blood pressure greatly (P<0.05);rosiglitazone group: (162±4) mmHg,control group:(184±3) mmHg.There were some kinds of morphologic injures such as mesangial cell proliferation and podocytic fusion appeared in the kidneys of SHR and rosiglitazone could prevent or attenuate those morphologic changes. Conclusion Rosiglitazone can prevent or attenuate the morphologic injuries of kidneys of SHR and has protective effects on kidney.

Changes of Calpain levels in secondary spinal cord injury in rats KOU Wan-fu¹, YANG You-geng^1*, HOU Yuan², L IU Yong-mao²,BAI Yun-shen¹ ( 1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Objective To observe the changes of activity of calpain in acute spinal cord injury with its highly selective inhibitor EST. Methods Methods:Eighteen S-D female rats were used to set up acute spinal cord injury models with Allen′s method. In 15 min, EST (1 mg·kg^-1) was administrated with intravenous injection in EST group,1.5% Climethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was given in DMSO group, the rats in sham control group received nothing with laminectomy only. After 24 h, all rats were sacrificed and per fused via the left ventricle with 100 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then a 5.0 cm long spinal cord section with the lesion in the center was collected from rat under anesthesia, and divided equally into 1.0 cm segments, S₁ distant rostrol,S₂ near rostrol,S₃ lesion,S₄ near caudal,S₅ distant caudal, which were prepared for Western blotting analysis. Results The density values of neurofilament protein (NFP,68 000) band in EST group and sham group were significantly higher than that in DMSO group (P<0.005). EST could inhibit the degradation of NFP in various phases, the content of NFP increased significantly. Compared with DMSO group, the content of NFP in S₃ section increased 9.55, while that in S₄ section increased 11.66%(P<0.001). Conclusion Calpain activity is significantly enhanced in the rats following acute spinal cord injury. Key words：cysteine endopeptidases; calpain; spinal cord injur ies; highly selective inhibitor；neurofilament protein

Objective To investigate the changes of peripheral blood cortisol，lymphocytes count and percent，T lymphocytes subsets in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases (ACVD) in a state of stress and the effect of cortisol on these immune markers so as to discuss the mechanism of cell-mediated immuni ty disorders. Methods Seventy ACVD patients were divided into two groups according to with stress reaction (group A,n=34) or without stress reaction (group B, n=36),while a normal control group (group C,n=38) was set up. Cortisol level，lymphocyte count and percent, T lymphocytes subsets (CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺) were measure d by IMMULITE automated quantitative immunoassay analyzer，HCP5200 whole blood cell auto-analyzied machine and FACS calibur fluid cell machine (direct immunofluroscent staining technique). Results The level of cortisol increased markedly in group A compared with those in group B and Group C (P<0.001). Lymphocyte count and percent decreased obviously in group A and B compared with group C (P<0.001), moreover, the lymphocyte percent in group A was significently decreased than that in group B (P<0.001). There were severe disorder of T lymphocyte subsets in group A with stress reaction. CD4⁺,CD4⁺/CD8 ⁺ were remarkedly decreased, while CD8⁺ was obviously increased. Especially, although CD4⁺，CD4⁺/CD8⁺ also slightly decreased in group B without stress reaction as compared with group C and normal control, there was not statistical significence (P>0.05). There was a negative correlation between cortisol and lymphocyte percent (r=-0.356, P=0.002).There were not statistical correlation between cortisol and other immune markers. Conclusion There exsits decline of cell immune function in ACVD both with stress and without stress, which may be assiociated with the degree of stress reaction and the level of periphral blood cortisol. Cortisol is not the only factor of cell-mediated immunity unbalance after ACVD, there may be other mechanisms that need better study. Key words：

Objective To investigate the expressions of MMP-9 and MMP mRNA in gastric carcinoma interstitium and the relationships between the expressions and the invasion，metastasis and angiogenesis of the neoplasm. Methods MMP-9，MMP-9 mRNA， CD34, α-SMA in 74 cases of gastric carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridizati on and morphometric analysis of secquential slides. The relationships between the expressions of MMP, MMP mRNA and the clinical parameters were analysed. Results The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP mRNA were closely related to the invasion, differentiation and lymph node status of the gastric carcinoma. The microvessel density (MVD) had great correlation with the invasion and lymph node status of the carcinoma. Endothelia and pericytes were MMP-9 positive in 24 cases.Endothelia were MMP-9 mRNA positive in 4 cases among which pericytes of 3 cases were MMP-9 mRNA positive. Conclusion Gastric carcinoma cells have the ability to produce and secret MMP-9 which can promote the invasion，metastasis and angiogenesis of the neoplasm.

Objective To study the relationships between prognosis and expressions of p53,c-erbB-2, p21 and nm23 genes in gastric cancer tissue specimens and evaluate their values in diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of p53, c-erbB-2, p21 and nm23 were detected by immunohistochemical method in 123 surgically resected specimens. Results The positive expression rates of p53,c-erbB-2,p21 and nm23 in well-differentiation gastric cancer group were 38.0%(27/71)， 59.2%(42/71)， 39.4%(28/711) and 71.8%(51/71)， respectively；the positive rates in poor-differentiation group were 46.2%(24/52),36.5%(19/52), 69.2%(24/52) and 34.6%(18/52)，respectively.Expressions of p53，c-erbB-2，p21 and nm23 were not observed in non-tumor endoscopic biopsy specimens. The expressions of p53，c-erbB-2 ，p21 were positively correlated with grade of tumor differentiation ，the depth of tumor invasion and clinical different stages (r=0.53, r=0.67, r=0.48, P<0.05), and the expression of nm23 was negatively correlated with grade of tumor differentiation，the depth of tumor invasion and clinical different stages　(r=-0.36, P<0.05). Conclusion Determination of p53, c-erbB-2, p21 and nm23 might be useful in diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, differentiating benign and malignant tumor, clinical stages and better than single gene in predicting prognosis of gastric cancer. Key words：stomch neoplasms；gene p53； recepto r， c-erbB-2；gene， c-erbB-2，p21， nm23； prognosis

Objective To investigate inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions in lung cancinoma tissues and their relationships with angiogenesis. Methods The expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein, VEGF and tumor microvascular density (MVD) were detected in 41 lung carcinoma, 10 peri-carcinoma and 6 normal tissues by the methods of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, their correlations with angiogenesis and tumor clini cal parameters were systematically discussed and analyzed. Results The expressions of iNOS mRNA and protein in lung carcinoma tissues were significantly higher (60.98% and 58.54%，respectively)than those of peri-carcinoma tissues(20%) and normal tissues(16.67%)(P<0.005), which associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stages (P<0.05). There was obviously positive correlation between iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein and VEGF (r=0.412 5,P<0.01; r=0.462 3, P<0.005). Both iNOS and VEGF are associated with MVD (P<0.05). Conclusion iNOS expression can be used to evaluate clinical stages and predict the risk of metastasis of lung carcinoma. iNOS and VEGF may exert dependable interactions in angiogenesis.

Objective To evaluate the correlations of expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung cancer tissues and microvascular density (MVD) with various clinicopathological parameters in lung cancer. Methods Streptaridin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry was used to detected the expressions of VEGF and MVD in 82 lung cancer tissues, all the patients did not be treated with antitumor therapy before operation. Results ①The expressions of MVD in lung cancer tissues had correlations with the lymph node metastasis and the clinical stage (P<0.05). ②VEGF mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane,had correlations with lymph node metastasis and the clinical stage (P<0.05). ③There was a correlation between MVD and expression of VEGF in lung cancer (P<0.05). Conclusion VEGF can improve the neovascularization, VEGF expression has the positive correlation with the occurrence of lung cancer,VEGF and MVD have became the important criteria to judge the tumor′s biological behaviors. Key words：lung neoplasms; endothelial growth factor; endothel ium ,vascular; micovascular density; angiogenesis; immunohistochemistry

Objective To explore the relation between the paraoxonase （PON） gene polymorphism and non-insulin- dependent diabetes mallitus（NIDDM ）with or without diabetic nephropathies（DN）. Methods PCR-RELP was used to detect the PON genotypes in 97 healthy controls, 154 NIDDM patients without DN and 145 NIDDM patients with DN. Results The distribution rates of PON2（G148A）and PON2（C311S）had remarkable differenaces (P<0.001) between DM and DN and control groups. The distribution rates of PON1(Q192R)，PON1（L55M）and PON3（A99A）had not remarkable differenaces（P>0.05）between DM and DN and control groups. Conclusion The polymorphism of PON2（G148A）and PON2（C311S） may be prognostic factors in patients with DN; there are no relationships between PON1(Q192R)，PON1（L55M）， PON3（A99A） and DN.

LI Shan-yu^1,2，ZHAO Kai-shu¹，LI Bo³，LU Ji Objective To explore the changes of serum IL-4, TGFβ1 and IgE levels in asthmatic children and their clinical significances. Methods The serum IL-4,TGFβ₁ and IgE levels of ninety-eight asthmatic children, including forty-two in acute attack group and fifty-six in remission group, and fifty-two healthy children in normal control group were detected by Sandwich ELISA. Results The serum IL-4 and IgE levels in asthmatic groups increased （P<0.05），whereas TGFβ₁ level decreased （P<0.04），Both IL-4 and IgE levels (ng·L^-1) in acute attack group (105.86±34.33,270.21±74.84) were higher than those in remission group (61.58±11.04，52.80 ±45.15)（P<0.05）. But the TGFβ₁ level (ng·L^-1) in acute group (41.97±12.77) was lower than that in remission group　(63.40±23.40)（P<0.05）. There was positive correlation between the levels of IL-4 and IgE (r=0.581,P<0.001). However, there were negative correlations between the levels of TGFβ₁ and IL-4 or IgE (r₁ =-0.614, P<0.001；r₂=-0.609，P<0.001). Conclusion IL-4 can accelerate secretion of IgE in asthmatic children and restrain eosinophilic granulocyte from secreting TGFβ ₁, thereby play an important role in asthmatic pathogenesis.

Objective To study the effects of cryopreservative methods and cryopreservative mediums on hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability. Methods Human semen samples from 16 male patients with infertility were cryopreserved by fast frozen and slow frozen methods. The hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability were analyzed by Eosin staining. Results Post-thawing the spermatozoa tail hypotonic swelling rate and sperm viability were significantly lower than that before (P<0.05, P<0.001), whereas there were no statistical differences in the hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability between fast frozen and slow frozen(P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in the hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability between GYC and glycerol groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Cryopreservation induces the descent of hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability. Cryopreservative methods and cryoprotective mediums could not affect hypotonic swelling rate of human spermatozoa tail and sperm viability. Key words：semen preservation; sperm tail; hypotonic swelling rate; cryoprotective mediums; sperm viability

Objective To determine the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in pregnant women on pregnant outcome and neonates. Methods 221 specimens of cervical svab and pharyax of neonates were collected and detected for UU and CT by cell culture method meanwhile pregnant outcome and neonatal situation were followed up. Results There were 50 pregnant women with UU infection as well as 48 cases of CT infection ; Compound infection were 10 cases. UU and CT infection in pregnant women could result in premature delivery, premature rupture of membrance,fetal distress,low weight infant.The incidence of premature rupture of membrance was the highest, premature delivery was junior; the incidence of premature rupture of membrance and premature delivery resulted from infection UU was much higher then CT infection; the rate of compound infection was low but when it occurred, the incident opportunity of harmful pregnant outcome would increase obviously. Conclusion UU and CT infection in pregnant women can result in various harmful pregnant outcome. Pregnant women and infants infected by UU and CT have definite infection rates and reduce the apparent increase of incidence of neonate fever and neonate pneumonia simultaneously, and relation with stillbirth. There is no significant relationship between the delivery management and neonate infection.

Objective To explore the relationship between hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) of newborn and the polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene to find the susceptible gene of HIE by analyzing the polymorphism of the ACE gene in order to intervene early in the perinatal stage and reduce the incidence of HIE of newborn. Methods The polymorphism of ACE genes of 51 newborns with HIE and 53 normal newborns were analyzed with PCR-RFLP. Results There were three kinds of genotypes of ACE gene ：DD,ID and II. In the observation group, the distribution frequency of the D allele (56.9%) was higher than that in the control group (34.0%), the difference was statistical significant (P<0.005). Conclusion The significant association between the ACE genotype and HIE of newborn is found, D allele gene may be the susceptible gene of HIE.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Losartan on ventricular and renal functions in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods Forty-three elderly hypertensive patients were treated with Losartan,50-100 mg·d^-1 for twelve to seventeen months ，left ventricular mass index (LWMI),left ventricular function, renal arterial structure, blood and urine β₂-MG before and after treatment were determined. Results After treatment the blood pressure in patients had reduced effectively (P<0.001).LVM (P<0.01) and LVMI (P<0.02) were obviously reduced, E/A was increased(P<0.01).Thickness of renal arterial wall was significantly decreased (P<0.01),the renal arterial diameter was obviously increased (P<0.05), β₂-MG levels in blood and urine were obviously decreased after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion Losartan can effectively reduce blood pressure, it also can reverse left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and improve the function,especially the left ventricular diastolic function and increase the renal blood flow and improve the renal vessel structure, decrease the concentrations of β ₂-MG in blood and urine ,and then improve renal function.

Objective To study the effects of Midazolam on preventing patients underwent combined anesthesia from awareness and affect for regain consciousness in different time with intravenous injection (i.v). Methods 45 patients under went combined anesthesia were divided randomly into three groups(n=15): C,D₁ and D₂. These patients were induced and intubated with Fentanyl, Vercurium, Propofol iv. In group D₁ Midazolam (i.v) was administrated in the meantime with induction, in group D₂ Midazolam (i.v) after induction 30 min, while Midazolam was not administrated in group C. The anesthetic sum, time from operation and to extubation, awareness and recall were compared in C, D₁， and D₂ groups. Results It was beneficial to add Midazolam in combined anesthesia to avoid awareness and recall. The effects were different in refrain from awareness and affect for recovery time in the different time with i.v of Midazolam. Conclusion It was best that Midazolam (i.v) in the meantime with induction to prevent from awareness, reduce anesthetic sum, shorten the anesthesia recovery time and steady patient conditions.

The paper analyzes the causes of articles sent back from Journal of Jilin University: Medicine Edition. The mean rate of sent- back articles is 35.2% in our journal. The chief causes are non-reasonable research design, outmoded content and mistaken use of statistical methods. All the authors and editors should pay attention to research design, title selected, use of statistical methods in medical articles and so on, in order to promote the quantities of medical articles.