To study the time effect of adaptive response of apoptosis and cell cycle progression induced by low-dose ionizing radiation in EL-4 lymphoma cells in vitro to reveal the possible mechanism of biological effect and adaptive response induced by low-dose radiation. Methods The experiment was divided into D2 (challenging dose) group,D1 (inductive dose)+D2 group and sham-irradiation group. EL-4 lymphoma cells were irradiated with D1 (75 mGy,12.5 mGy•min^-1) and D2 (1.5 Gy,287 mGy•min^-1),the interval time between D1 and D2 were 3-60 h. The cell percentages of apoptosis and each cell cycle phase were measured with flow cytometry. Results When the time intervals between D1 and D2 were 3-24 h,the percentages of apoptotic cells in D1+D2 group were significantly lower than those in D2 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); meantime,the percentages of G₀/G₁ phase cells decreased in varying degrees,and the percentage of S phase cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion The adaptive response of apoptosis and cell cycle progression in EL-4 lymphoma cells in vitro could be induced by irradiation with 75 mGy (12.5 mGy•min^-1) at 3-24 h before 1.5 Gy (287 mGy•min^-1) exposure.

To observe the effect of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) with different doses and administration time on cell cycle uncoupling of Jurkat and EL-4 cell lines.Methods The dose- and time-effects of cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) following staining of Jurkat and EL-4 cells with propidium iodide (PI) and the changes of polyploid cells were observed after treatment with 5-FU with different doses (0,0.001,0.010,0.100 and 1.000 mg•L^-1) 　and administration time (0,4,8,16,24 and 48 h). Results As compared with 0 mg•L^-1group,the percentages of 8N cells were decreased significantly 16 h after exposure of Jurkat cell line to 5-FU with doses of 0.001,0.010,0.100 and 1.000 mg•L^-1 (P<0.001). After exposure of EL-4 cell line to 5-FU with doses of 0.010,0.100 mg•L^-1,the percentages of 8N cells were increased significantly compared with 0 mg•L^-1 group (P<0.05). As compared with control,the percentages of 8N cells were decreased at 8,16 and 24 h and increased significantly at 48 h after exposure of Jurkat cell line to 5-FU with dose of 0.100 mg•L^-1 (P<0.01). And the percentages of 8N cells were increased at 4,8 and 16 h and decreased significantly at 48 h after exposure of EL-4 cell line to 5-FU with dose of 0.100 mg•L^-1 (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion The cell cycle uncoupling of EL-4 cell line could be induced by 5-FU,but Jurkat cell line could not be influenced.

To study the repairment of pancreas mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on injured pancreas of rats,and find a new source of cells for treatment of diabetes. Methods ① Pancreases were taken out of three-day-old Wistar rats under bioclean condition,and cells were obtained by V-collagenase digestion. Generations were passed by conventional culture,cells were purified by adherence screening method,cell morphous was observed by Giemsa staining. The expressions of surface marker CD34 and CD44 were determined by FCM,and compared with bone marrow MSCs(BM-MSCs),the differences in character and function were observed. ②The experimental rats were divided into two groups randomly. Pancreas ischemic necrosis model was made by deligation,then the purified pancreas MSCs were marked with DAPI and then were transplantated partially. After two weeks,the survival rate was measured and histopathological detection was performed. Results ① The cells had concordant morphous gradually with vigorous generation. There was no significant difference in morphology and surface antigen compared with BM-MSCs.② The survival rate in experimental group was 75% ，the necrotic tissue had basi-rebounded. Blue fluorescent was observed in repaired pancreas tissues. The survival rate in control group was 20%. The survival rate in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion There are MSCs in pancreas which can be cultivated in vitro and has the function of amplification as well as be used to repair injured pancreas.

To investigate the effects of antipsychotic olanzapine on the survival rate of neurons,LDH release,percentage of apoptotic cells and death rate of the hippocampus neurons injured by glutamate. Methods Primary　 cultured hippocampal neurons were injured with glutamate. Three groups were divided as control,glutamate insult and olanzapine administration groups. The survival rate of neurons was detected with MTT method and LDH release was detected by spectrophometry. The changes in percentage of apoptotic cells and death rate of neurons were detected respectively by FCM before and after administration with olanzapine. Results The　 survival rate of neurons injured with the excitatory neurotoxicity of glutamate decreased to 50% of control (P<0.05). The survival rates of neurons injured with glutamate increased dramatically after administration with olanzapine as compared with those in glutamate group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The LDH release of neurons injured with glutamate increased significantly,which was 7.4-fold of control group,however,LDH release from neurons injured with glutamate decreased after administration with olanzapine as compared with that in glutamate group. The percentages of apoptotic cells of neurons injured with glutamate increased (P<0.01 ),but oalnzapine can reverse it. The death rates of neurons injured with glutamate increased compared with control (P<0.05 ),nevertheless,the administration of olanzapine reduced the death rates of neurons injured with glutamate as compared with that in glutamate group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Olanzapine can prevent the hippocampal neurons from the damage induced with glutamate,elevate the neuron survival rate,reduce the LDH release,keep the cell membrane intact,and decrease the percentage of apoptotic cells and death rate of neurons,which has the neuroprotection.

To investigate the delayed release effect and the availability of the paclitaxel-loaded PLLA-PEG750 ultrafine fibers on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line. Methods Taking PLLA-PEG750 as the carrier,paclitaxel was well incorporated and dispersed uniformly in biodegradable PEG-PLLA750 fibers by using electrospinning method. The release of the drug was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.They were divided into three groups:experimental group(2.5% paclitaxel-loaded ultrafine fibers group),pure drug group(paclitaxel on SKOV3 group),control group(SKOV3 in the same culture period group).Using MTT assay,the inhibitory rate of experimental group to the SKOV3 was sieved out and calculated.The apoptosis of SKOV3 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The release of the drug corresponded zero order kinetics.The inhibitory rate of the paclitaxel-loaded ultrafine fibers to SKOV3 in vitro was 94.59%±1.16%,and approached or achieved the level in pure drug group. According to the result of flow cytometry,the percentage of G₂/M of SKOV3 in experimental group 48 h after treatment was significantly up-regulated,the apoptotic rate in experimental group (20.02%±0.96%) was significantly higher than that in control group (8.09%±0.54%) (P<0.01). Conclusion The paclitaxel-loaded ultrafine fibers have conspicuous delayed release effect.It can inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells and block the process of G₂/M period in vitro.

To investigate the effect of recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL) protein on the growth and apoptosis of meL anoma cell line A-375. Methods The A-375 cells were divided into four groups including control group and rhTRAIL 0.25,0.50,and 1.00 mg•L^-1 groups and the morphological changes of A-375 cells were observed by contrast phase microscope after treated with different doses of rhTRAIL. The survival fraction of A-375 cells was measured by MTT assay; Apoptotic rate was determined by TUNEL method and the cell cycle and apoptosis index were analyzed by technique of flow cytometry (FCM ). Results The cells in control group were fusiform adherence or half adherence and abundant,the state of some cells in rhTRAIL group was worse than that in control group.The inhibitory rates of growth in rhTRAIL groups with different doses (0.25,0.50,1.00 mg•L^-1 ) were (15.36±3.21)%,(27.34±2.53)%,and (43.68±3.51)%,respectively,there were significant differences between three groups (P<0.05).The FCM results showed that the rhTRAIL could induce the apoptosis in dose-dependent manner,and the apoptotic rates were 6.68 %,24.59 %,and 28.91 %,respectively, when the rhTRAIL doses were 0.25,0.50,and 1.00 mg•L^-1,there were significant differences between three groups (P<0.05). The G₁ phase cell propotions in rhTRAIL 0.25,0.50,and 1.00 mg•L^-1　groups（45.26%,60.67%,69.10 %） were higher than that in control group（37.41 %）. Conclusion The　 rhTRAIL has the significant effect on inhibiting the growth of A-375 cells，and the inhibitory rate is dose-dependent.The mechanism may be concerned with cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis upon A-375 cells.

To study the action of corn filament beverage (CFB)on falling blood sugar in diabetic rats and mice,provide scientific basis for application of corn filament extraction in falling sugar drug or functional food. Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into control group(pure water),alloxan model group,Kanglishu capsule (0.7 g•kg^-1) group,and 7.00,3.50,1.75 mL•kg^-1 CFB groups(n=10). the orbital vein blood samples were obtained,the contents of blood sugar were determined;The liver samples were obtained and the contents of liver glycogen were determined. 72 mice were randomly divided into control group(pure water),alloxan model group,Kanglishu capsule (1.0 g•kg^-1) group,and 10.0,5.0,0.25 mL•kg^-1 CFB groups(n=12),the indexes mentioned above were determined.72 mice were divided into 6 groups same as the method mentioned above,the mice were injected adrenalin hydrochloride through abdominal cavity,blood was extracted by decapitation,and the contents of blood sugar and liver glycogen were determined. Another 72 mice were divided and fed same as the method mentioned above,and the mice were injected glucose through caudal vein,the indexes mentioned above were detected. Results Compared with diabetic model rats,the contents of blood sugar in 7.00 and 3.50 mL•kg^-1 CFB groups were reduced obviously（P<0.01）,and the contents of liver glycogen increased obviously（P<0.01）,and 7.00 mL•kg^-1 CFB group was prior to 3.50 mL•kg^-1 CFB group.Compared with diabetic model mice,the contents of blood sugar in 10.0 and 5.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB groups were reduced obviously（P<0.01）,and the contents of liver glycogen increased obviously（ P<0.01,）,and 10.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB group was prior to 5.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB group. Compared with adrenine model mice,the contents of blood sugar in 10.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB group decreased obviously（P<0 .01）,and the contents of liver glycogen in 10.0 and 5.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB groups were increased obviously（P<0.05 or P<0.01）,the blood sugar of hyperglycemia mice in 10.0 mL•kg^-1 CFB group was obviously reduced because of exogenous glucose（P<0.05）,and the content of liver glycogen was obviously increased（P<0.01）. Conclusion CFB has the function of falling blood sugar on alloxan diabetic rats or mice and hyperglycaemia mice induced by adrenine and exogenous glucose.

To detect the expression of humar telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and telomerase activity in HeLa,MCF-7,SMMC7721 PC-3m and U2OS cell lines. Methods The techniques of immunochemistry and TRAP-ELISA were employed to detect the expression of hTERT and telomerase activity in different tumor cell lines. Results The positive rate of hTERT in HeLa cells(93.75%±3.10%)was significantly higher than that in U2OS cells(2.75%±0.96%),besides the other three cell lines showed an positive rates of hTERT in MCF-7(92.50%±2.65%),SMMC7721 (53.75%±2.22%)and PC-3m(23.50%±2.89%)； Meanwhile,the telomerase activity of HeLa cells (94.58%±3.49%) was also much higher than that of U2OS(3.02%±0.43%),likewise the telomerase activities of the other three cell lines (MCF-7,SMMC7721,PC-3m) were 73.90%±4.50%,66.67%±3.35% and 50.62%±1.96%, respectively. Conclusion The expression of hTERT and telomerase activity show obvious differences among five tumor cell lines,suggesting that telomerase inhibitors cannot effect on all the tumor cell lines.

To investigate the protective effects of magnesium sulfate on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cochlear. Methods The cortis of newborn rats were cultivated in vitro. The cultured cochlear neurons were divided into glutamate group treated with 0.1 mmol•L^-1 glutamate,magnesium sulfate group treated with different concentrations of magnesium sulfate(0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 mmol•L^-1) and combined group treated with glutamate and magnesium sulfate for 24 h. Immunofluorescence staining of Neurofilament 200kDa antibody was used to label spiral ganglion neuron(SGN) and the terminate of dendrites. The morphological changes of SGN were examined by fluorescent microscope and the amount of SGN was determined. In addition,the SGN was loaded with 10 μmol•L^-1 Fluo-3 /AM,and the intracellular Ca²⁺was measured by laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM). Results Many SGN were smaller and swelling and vacuoles at the terminate of dendrites following glutamate treatment for 24 h. In combined group treated with glutamate and 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mmol•L^-1 of magnesium sulfate,the amounts of SGN in creased compared with glutamate group(P<0.01).Under the concentration of 2 mmol•L^-1, magnesium sulfate was safe to SGN survival. Magnesium sulfate reduced the calcium influx of SGN from 0.5 to 4 h following glutamate treatment. Compared with glutamate group,the significant decrease of cell fluorescence intensity of SGN was observed in combined group(P<0.01). Conclusion Magnesium　 sulfate provides protective effects against SGN damage by glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.It can inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ accumulation.

To study the signal pathway of apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) caused by cisplatin for prevention of toxic effects of cispla tin on kidney. Methods pcDNA3.1/Hygromycin vector and pEGFP-C3 vector including Bcl-2(Bcl-acta,Bcl-cb5 and Bcl-nt) were co-transfected in RPTC.After treated with cisplatin, Bax was activated,cytochrom C release and apoptosis were analyzed with confocal microscope and immunofluoresence technique. Apoptotic cells stained with Hoechst33258 were also counted and statistically analyzed. Results The percent of cytochrom C release (35.74%) in Bcl-cb5 transfected group was higher than those in Bcl-nt group (18.7%) and Bcl-acta group(24.6%)（P<0.05). More Bax activation and apoptosis were found in control group and Bcl-cb5 group. The results of apoptotic cell counting showed more apoptosis in Bcl-cb5 group and control group was observed compared with Bcl-acta group and Bcl-nt group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Bcl-acta and Bcl-nt gene can protect RPTC from apoptosis induced by cisplatin in mitochondrial pathway. It means that cisplatin-induced RPTC apoptosis mainly is in mitochondrial signal pathway but not in endoplasmic reticulum(ER).

To study the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA(siRNA) on VEGF expression in prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and to observe its influences in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods Two siRNAs against the VEGF gene were designed and transfected into PC-3 cells respectively,VEGF gene and protein expressions were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay, apoptosis was measured with flow cytometry(FCM). Results The VEGF mRNA expressions were down-regulated by 60.32 % and 70.73%,and the VEGF protein expressions were maximally down-regulated by 72% after transfecting with siVEGF1 and siVEGF2, respectively. The inhibitory rates of cell proliferation were 49.5% and 55.3 %;the apoptotic rates after transfecting were 33.9 % and 42.0%. Conclusion siRNA against VEGF could effectively down-regulate VEGF expression in PC-3 cell line,it can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis.

To investigate the protective effects of flavone mixture of crataegus leaves（FMCL）on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIR) injury in rats and its mechanism. Methods The rats were divided into control group,model group,Shu Xue Ning group,100 mg•kg^-1 FMCL group,30 mg•kg^-1 FMCL group and 10 mg•kg^-1 FMCL group. The CIR model was built through thread block.The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry and TUNEL method.The protein expressions of cytochrome C (CytC) and Fas were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with model group,the number of TUNEL positive cells and apoptotic rate were significantly decreased in 100 mg•kg^-1 FMCL group（P<0.01） and the protein expressions of CytC were also significantly reduced（P<0.05 or P<0.01）in 100 and 30 mg•kg^-1 FMCL groups,but the expression of Fas protein did not change significantly（P<0.05） Conclusion FMCL has a protective effect on CIR injury.Its mechanism may be related to down-regulate the protein expression of CytC and then inhibit the mitochondrial pathway apoptosis.

To explore the effect of panaxadiols saponin (PDS) on the oxidative damage in lung tissue in hemorrhage- lipopolysaccharides (LPS) two hits rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operational group(S group)； two hits groups with hemorrhage- LPS(HL group)；dexamethasone preventive therapy group (HLD group) ；panaxadiol saponins preventive therapy group(HLP group). The rats were made first-hit by hemorrhagic shock,LPS were administered intraperitoneally to make endotoxic shock and induce two hits in rats,then the model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by two hits had been built up successfully. NO^-₂/NO^-₃,MDA content and NOS,iNOS,SOD activities were measured by 722S spectrophotometer. Results The results of pathological observation showed that there was obvious inflammatory reaction in lung tissues after two-hits,and the structure was destroied.Compared with HL group,the inflammatory reaction was reduced in HLD group and HLD group.NOS,iNOS activities and NO^-₂/NO^-₃,MDA contents were increased significantly,and SOD activity was significantly lower in HL group compared with S group（P<0.01）; SOD activities in HLP group and HLD group were significantly higher than that in HL group（P<0.01）,and NOS,iNOS activities and NO^-₂/NO^-₃,MDA contents in HLP group and HLD group were significantly lower than those in HL group（P<0.01）. Conclusion Hemorrhage-LPS two hits could elevate significantly oxygen free radical in lung tissue,and cause lung injury,and PDS has protective effect on lung through anti-oxidative damage.

To examine whether acanthopanasia and hoelen have mutagenic effects on the genetic damage of somatic cells and study the antagonism of two Chinese herbal medicines on mutagenesis induced by cadmium. Methods Seventy mice were randomly divided into five groups:negative control(N.S),cadmium sulfate mutagenesis groups（1/5 half lethal dose， 17.6 mg•kg^-1）,acanthopanasia groups（1,2,4 g•kg^-1）,hoelen group（2.5,5.0,10.0 g•kg^-1）,acanthopanasia antimutagenicity group（cadmium sulfate +each acanthopanasia group）and hoelen antimutagenicity group（cadmium sulfate+ each hoelen group）,five mice per group. Drugs were given by mouth. According to Heddle,the micronucleus test was performed. Results The micronucleus(MN) rates in acanthopanasia groups were less than that in negative control（P<0.05）; the MN rates in hoelen groups had no obvious differences compared with negative control. The MN rates in acanthopanasia antimutagenicity groups and hoelen antimutagenicity groups were reduced significantly compared with cadmium sulfate mutagenesis group（P<0.05 or P<0.01）,but there was no obvious difference of the MN rate between different doses individuals（P>0.05）. The was no obvious difference of the MN rate between acanthopanasia antimutagen icity group and hoelen antimutagenicity group（P>0.05）. Conclusion Both acanthopanasia and hoelen have no mutagenic toxicity founded on the genetic damage of somatic cells,and have significant antagonistic effects on the genetic damage induced by cadmium sulfate,and they are good antimutagents.

To study the inhibitory effect of mistletoe alkali on human adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells in vitro.0ethods The inhibitory effect on the ACC cells treated by mistletoe alkali was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The ACC cells treated by 5-FU were used as positive control group and the ACC cells without any treatment as negative control group,meanwhile different doses of mistletoe alkali (0.625,1.250,2.500 and 5.000 mg•L^-1)  were used as experimental groups. The growth of ACC cells after treatment was assessed by cell growth curve,and the cell proliferation was estimated by PCNA immunohistochemistry staining. Results Mistletoe　 alkali inhibited the growth of ACC cells,the value of IC₅₀ was 2.24 mg•L^-1. After treatment,the growth of ACC cells slowed,and the cells became round,and the expression of PCNA was weaker significantly than that in positive control (P<0.001). Conclusion istletoe alkali can inhibit the growth and proliferation of ACC cells obviously in vitro. It might be an ancillary drug to cure ACC.

To study the regulation of the huangmo alkali-dissolved polysaccharide (Fb) on expression of MMPs and its anti-hepatocarcinama effect in tumor-bearing mice. Methods Transplanted liver cancer models of mice were set up,the mice were equally divided into control group, CTX group, and three treatment groups of low,middle,high doses of Fb (Fb₂₀，Fb₄₀ and Fb₈₀). The inhibitory rate (IR) was determined to observe the anti-tumor effect in vivo; Gelatin zymography and quantified analytical system were used to detect gray-scale value of straps to observe the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9; the regulation of Fb on the protein expressions of MMP-2，9 and TIMP-1 was analyzed,the positive rate was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results IR of Fb₂₀,Fb₄₀ and Fb₈₀ groups (38.7%， 51.2% and 58.3%) were higher than that in control group （P<0.05 or P<0.01）; the expression rates of TIMP-1 in Fb₄₀ and Fb₈₀ groups (70.0% and 84.5%) were higher than those in control group and CTX group(41.7% and 44.4%)(P<0.05), the expressions of MMP-9 were down-regulated in Fb₄₀（47.7%）and Fb₈₀　(44.4%) 　 groups，but there was no difference,compared with control group (60.0%) (P>0.05).The expression of MMP-2 in Fb₄₀ group（20.0%）was lower than that in control group（58.3%）（P<0.05）. Conclusion Fb has strong activity to restrain the tumor growth and metastasis in transplanted liver cancer H₂₂，the anti-tumor mechanism of Fb probably correlates with its effect on regulating the activities of protein expressions of MMPs and TIMPs.

To study the effect of 20(S)-ginsendoside Rg3(SPG-Rg3) on apoptosis of human mammary carcinoma line MCF-7 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods Human mammary carcinoma line MCF-7 cells were divided into experiment group of SPG-Rg3 and control group. The inhibition of SPG-Rg3 on the growth of MCF-7 cells was detected by MTT assay,IC₅₀ was calculated to obtain the effective concentration; flow cytometry was used to observe the cell cycle of MCF-7 cells; AO/EB fluorescence double-dye technology was performed to observe the apoptosis of cells in morphology,immunocellularchemistry and RT-PCR were utilized to investigate the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and its relationship with caspase-8 from protein level and molecule level. Results The IC₅₀ of SPG-Rg3 was (155.7±0.71) mg•L^-1,when the concentration of SPG-Rg3 was arranged from 37.5 to 600.0 mg•L^-1,the growth inhibitory rate of MCF-7 cells was higher following the increase of its concentration,the cell growth was greatly inhibited compared with control group(P<0.05); cell cycle was changed,the cell number of S period increased compared with control group(P<0.01),the cell number of G₂/M period decreased compared with control group(P<0.01),in experiment group there was an apoptotic apex before G1 apex,and the number of apoptotic cells increased; most of cell nuleus in SPG-Rg3 (150 mg•L^-1)experiment group appeared yellow or chrysoidine fluorescence,contracted,beaded and crescent; the result of immunocellularchemical staining of caspase-8 indicated that caspase-8 protein had no expression in control group,but stronger expression in SPG-Rg3 group. HSCORE scores of the two groups were 1.894±0.027 and 2.869±0.043,the difference was markable(P<0.01). MCF-7 cells mRNA was extraited and caspase-8 primers were designed to perform RT-PCR,caspase-8 expressed strongly in experiment group and nothing in control. Conclusion SPG-Rg3　 could induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis,and the possible mechanism may be related to activating caspase-8.

To study the effects of organic extractions from drinking water chlorinated disinfection on the genital system in male mice and provide evidence of safety drinking water for formulating healthy policy. Methods The　 organic extractions from drinking water were enriched by XAD-16 macroporous resin. 40 male mice were divided into 4 groups: control (plant oil +DMSO),high dose organic extractions(500 mg•kg^-1,about equal to 50 L water),middle dose (250 mg•kg^-1),low dose (125 mg•kg^-1). The organic extractions were administered 1 time every day through mouth for 15 d. The testosterone levels in blood serum and testis,the activities of LDH and G-6-PD were measured. Results The testosterone levels in serum and testis in every treatment group were lower than that in control group (P<0.05). In middle and high doses groups,the activities of LDH were lower than those in low dose group and control group obviously (P<0.05).In high dose group,the activity of G-6-PD was higher than those in all the other groups obviously (P<0.05). Conclusion Organic extractions can decrease the activities of G-6-PD and LDH,reduce the testosterone levels in serum and testis,and damage the genital system in male mice.

To observe the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the reproductive function in F1 mice. Methods Pregnancy mice were divided into four groups randomly. From the beginning of pregnance,the mice in experimental groups were given BPA with 30,120,360 mg•kg^-1•d^-1 until the new mice were born. The mice in control group were given the same volume of corn oil. When the young mice were 30 d, the sperm malformation rate,the activities of lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PD) of testicle,the organ coefficient, the histopatholgical changes of testicle in male mice were examined. Results The form of the epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules was disordered. The number of mature spermatozoa was decreased. This changes were more and more with the increase of BPA dose. Compared with control group,organ coefficients in low and large dose groups reduced,LDH activity and G-6-PD activity in middle and large dose groups decreased,LDH activity in low dose group increased. The sperm malformation rates in experimental groups increased as the increase of BPA dose, the differences were remarkable(P<0.01). Conclusion BPA given in embryonic period can influence the reproductive function of F1 mice.

To compare the characteristics between two kinds of 40Hz auditory evoked potentials and provide suitable index for clinical auditory test of low-fre quency. Methods The potentials including 40Hz auditory event related potential of middle latency response(40Hz AERP-MLR) and 40Hz auditory event related potential of early latency response(40Hz AERP-ELR) from window and vertex were recorded in guinea pigs. Results The common characteristics of the potentials were good frequency response,easy identification and lower responsive thresholds.Amplitude of 40Hz AERP-ELR was higher and threshold was lower than 40Hz AERP-MLR,especially 0.5kHz tone burst,which was (14.15±6.06)dBnHL.In vertex,the threshold of 40Hz AERP-MLR was (43.50±9.65)dBnHL,which was higher than that in round window(P<0.01). Conclusion 40Hz AERP-ELR recorded from round window is better than from vertex in low-frequency test. The experiment results indicate that the responses provide ideal index for clinical auditory test of low-frequency.

Objective To investigate the effects of Qianlie Shutong Tablets(QLS) on inflammatory reaction of nonbacterial acute and chronic prostatitis in rats and provide medical basis for its clinical use. Methods A total of 60 male rats were randomly assigned into normal group,model group,drug control group (Qianliekang group),low -dose(17.5 mg•kg^-1),mid-dose (35.0 mg•kg^-1) and high -dose QLS (70.0 mg•kg^-1) groups,10 rats in each group. White cell count,lecithin corpuscle density in prostatic fluid，prostate weight and prostate index were observed respectively after acute rat models were made by injecting 1 % carrageenan in th e seminal vesicle of prostate gland notopodium. The chronic prostatitis models were made by injecting hemorrhoid into prostate gland. The morphological changes of prostate tissue were observed 30 d after administration. Results Compared with model group,white cells in prostate fluid were obviously decreased (P<0.05) and lecithin corpuscle densities were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in 35.0 and 70.0 mg•kg^-1 QLS groups. However,QLS with the dose of 17.5 mg•kg^-1 did not obviously affect the number of white cells and lecithin corpuscle density. Compared with model group,QLS with the dose of 70.0 mg•kg^-1 significantly diminished prostate weight（P<0.05）and prostate index(P<0.01),as well as significantly inhibited infiltration of white cells(P<0.01)and fibroblast accrementition (P<0.05),which was similar with the positive Qianliekang group. QLS with the dose of 35.0 mg•kg^-1 significantly diminished prostate index(P<0.05) and inhibited infiltration of white cells(P<0.01). Conclusion QLS has inhibitory effects on inflammatory reaction of nonbacterial acute and chronic prostatitis.

Objective To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 (GS-Rg3) on the hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears and provide experimental foundation for study on its inhibition on the hypertrophic scars. Methods Hypertrophic　 scars were proved on 24 white rabbits,of which the whole level of the skin was excised for 2 cm×2 cm,4-6 points for each ear,controlled by itself. GS-Rg3 0.1 mL(concentration 3 g•L^-1) was injected into experimental group and the same volume of saline solution into control group,once every three days regionally. The scar tissues were collected 2,4 and 6 weeks after the injection respectively,the thickness of the scar,structure under the microscope,and the expressions of PCNA,Bcl-2 and Bax were observed. Results In control group,three weeks after the epithelization of the wound,the thickness of the hypertrophic tissue was 3-4 times of ventro ear skin. Under microscope,the dermis was hyperplasia and got thicker,consisted with amount of fibroblast cells,collagen and vessels,the collagen was untidy,nodule or vortex,and the cartilage could be observed in some region.In experimental group, six weeks after the injection,the skin got thinner,the collagen became neath and the quantity of the vessels decreased. In the hypertrophic scars,there was high expression of PCNA,the percent of positive cells was higher （39.55%±6.07%） compared normal tissue (11.18%±1.71%).In GS-Rg3 group,the expression of Bcl-2 was gradually decreased two weeks after injection and obviously decreased six weeks later,there was significant difference compared with before injection (P<0.01), and that of Bax increased significantly two weeks after injection compared with before injection (P<0.01). Conclusion GS-Rg3 can inhibit the hypertrophic scars in rabbit ear and decrease the fibrosis degree of the scar tissue.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concenrtrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on proliferation of human dental pulp cell in vitro,and to find out the most effective concentration of bFGF. Methods Dental pulp cells were isolated from dental pulp tissue explants.The pulp cells were divided into 5 groups randomly,bFGF was added into each group until the ultimately concentrations were 0.1,1.0,10.0 and 100.0 μg•L^-1respectively while the group without bFGF as control group. The effects of bFGF on dental pulp cells were assayed by absorbency A and relative growth rate(RGR) with MTT colorimetric method. Results bFGF at concentrations of 1.0-100.0 μg•L^-1 promoted the cell proliferation (P<0.01). The difference between 10.0 μg•L^-1 and 1.0 μg•L^-1 bFGF groups was significant（P<0.01）,while that was not obvious between 10.0 μg•L^-1 and 100.0 μg•L^-1 bFGF groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion bFGF has the capability of promoting the proliferation of human dental pulp cells,and the smallest effective concentration is 1.0 μg•L^-1,the most strong cell proliferation takes place at bFGF concentration of 10.0 μg•L^-1.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial effect of silver carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCT-Ag⁺) on porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a critical bacteria in periodontitis and provide experimental basis for developing higher efficiency and lower side-effect drug to cure periodontitis. Methods CMCT was alkalified, modified with chloracetic acid and exchanged ion to obtain CMCT-Ag⁺ complexation. The agar diffusion and plate serial dilution test was used to detect the effect of CMCT-Ag⁺ against Pg by observing cingula diameter and bacteria plaque. Results The pink CMCT-Ag⁺ was obtained, yield ratio was 89.4 %, the degree of substitution of CMCT was 0.98 and the content of Ag⁺ was 10.21% in the obtained CMCT-Ag⁺. In the agar diffusion test, when concentration of CMCT-Ag⁺ exceed 0.3125 g•L^-1, the bacteriostasis ring diameter was increased, and at concen tration of 40 g•L^-1, the bacteriostasis ring diameter inhibited by CMCT-Ag⁺ was 9.5 mm，that was approximation to the result induced by 0.005 g•L^-1 tinidazole. But when concentration of CMCT-Ag⁺ exceed 40 g•L^-1, the bacteriostasis ring diameter was decreased. These results showed that the inhibitory concentration of CMCT-Ag⁺ was more than 0.3125 g•L^-1. In the plate serial dilution test, when concentration of CMCT-Ag⁺ exceed 0.3125 g•L^-1, the growth of Pg was obviously inhibited on medium, and when concentration of CMCT-Ag⁺ exceed 1.25 g•L^-1, the growth of Pg couldn’[KG-*3]t be found. These results indicated that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CMCT-Ag⁺ was 1.25 g•L^-1. Conclusion CMCT-Ag⁺ could inhibit the growth of Pg, hence it can be used for periodontal treatment.

Objective To study the protective effect of magnetic field on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats. Methods The rats were randomly divided into 5 group: blank control group (Ⅰ),magnetic field control group (Ⅱ),AMI group (Ⅲ),AMI drug (propranolol) group (Ⅳ) and AMI magnetic field group(Ⅴ) . The SOD in RBC,plasma MDA,ATP content in myocardium,cAMP and cGMP in plasma and infarction scope(IS)were determined with xanthine oxidase,thiobarbituric acid,firefly luciferase and radioimmunological technique. Results The　 SOD in RBC and ATP myocardium in group Ⅴ were higher than that in group　Ⅲ(P<0.01),but there was no signficant difference compared with group Ⅳ(P>0.05).The contents of plasma MDA,cAMP,cGHP in group Ⅲ were obvionsly higher than those in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.01).Gruanulation tissue hyperplasia in myocardial infarction was found in group Ⅲ,but no obvious cicatrices.In group Ⅴ,some cicatrices were observed.The IS in group Ⅴ was lower than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05),ST segment deflection and inverted T wave in group Ⅲ were higher than those in group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ(P<0.05).Conclusion Magnetic field can reduce the IS,ST segment deflection and inverted T wave,decrease the contents of plasma MDA,cAMP and cGMP,and increase the contents of SOD in RBC and ATP in myocardium in AMI rats.It has protective effect on myocardium.

Objective To investigate the genetic association between GPRA gene located in chromosome 7 with susceptibility and bronchial asthma in Chinese Han children. Methods The techniques of PCR and restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) were used to examine the single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) of GPRA gene in 118 children with bronchial asthma ( case group ) and 123 healthy individuals (control group). Results The fragments of rs324960 and rs324389 were 300 bp and 359 bp separately,and three genotypes(CC,CT,TT) were found after digestion.The distributions of genotype frequencies of rs324960 and rs324389 were not deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.There were no remarkable difference of the frequency distributions of genotypes of rs324960 between cases and controls (χ²=1.73，P>0.05),and the frequency distributions of allele had no markedly difference between them(χ²=1.43，P>0.05),and neither of rs324389 with the frequency distributions of genotypes (χ²=0.27，P>0.05) and allele(χ²=0.07，P>0.05). Conclusion The SNPs of rs324960 and rs324389 of GPRA gene may not be associated with asthma in children.

Objective To investigate the expression of Prohibitin as well as its correlation with the pathological characteristics of gastric cancer(GC). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Prohibitin in 103 cases of mucous membrane，60 cases of gastric cancer,25 cases of lesion precancerous,18 cases of benign lesion.The correlations between Prohibitin expression and the clinical, pathological characteristics were analyzed by statistical method. Results The positive expression of Prohibitin in gastric mucosa lesion was in cytoplasm and mostly located in cells at the bottom of gland body.But in gastric cancer,it was found in region with incomplete structure.The expression positive rates of Prohibitin in gastric cancer,precancerous lesion and benign lesion were 68.33%（41/60）,88.00%（22/25）and 88.89%（16/18）separately.The expression of Prohibitin was significantly higher in benign lesion than that in gastric cancer (P=0.006),but there was no difference in the expression of Prohibitin between benign lesion and precancerous lesion (P=0.232).The expression of Prohibitin had no marked correlation with the degree of differentiation. Conclusion The Prohibitin has different expressions during the developing of gastric cancer.It is showed that the detection of Prohibitin protein in gastric lesion tissue has the chinical value for diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To detect the genetic amplification and protein expression characteristics of aurora-A in ovarian cancer and to interpret the role of aurora-A gene in course of onset,progression and regression phases of ovarian cancer. Methods The amplification of aurora-A gene was detected by quantitative PCR in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 8 ovarian cancer samples,and its protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 6 normal ovarian tissues and 40 ovarian cancer samples,furthermore,the relationships between over-expression of aurora-A protein in ovarian cancer tissue and its pathologic classification,tissue differentiation,clinical phase,tumor proliferation trait and prognosis were analyzed. Results Quantitive PCR showed that aurora-A mRNA was significantly higher in 8 ovarian cancer samples than that in normal ovarian tissues（P<0.005）;Immunohistochemical assay showed that negative expression was in 6 normal ovarian tissues,whereas 57.5% was positive expression in ovarian cancer samples,and the evelation of aurora-A protein expression had a correlationship with clinical phases,tumor proliferati on and prognosis in ovarian cancer(P<0.05）,however, there was no correlationship between aurora-A protein expression and pathological classification and tissue differentiation（P>0.05）. Conclusion There are abnormal amplification and protein over-expression of aurora-A in ovarian cancer tissue,aurora-A probably play an important role in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer,and the novel biological treatment concerning aurora-A gene and its protein is probably a useful route for curing tumor.

Objective To study the expressions of TGF-β1 and p21WAF1 in middle ear cholesteatoma and discuses their effects on cholesteatoma. Methods The expressions of TGF-β1 and p21WAF1 were determined by immunohistochemical S-P technology and computer image analysis in 20 specimens of cholesteatoma epithelium and 10 specimens of normal external canal skin. Results ① p21WAF1 and TGF-β1 could be detected in middle ear cholesteatoma and in normal ear canal skin.p21WAF1 was located at karyon,taking on yellow-brown pellet;TGF-β1 was located at cytoplasmic,taking on yellow-brown pellet.②The p21WAF1 positive rate in middle ear cholesteatoma was 65%;and there were almost no positive cells in normal external ear canal skin.p21WAF1 positive cells were detected in each layers,its LI was 28.9%±6.7%.Compared with normal ear canal skin,the expression level of p21WAF1 in middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium was higher than that in normal ear canal skin（P<0.05）.③ The TGF-β1 positive rate was 90% in middle cholesteatoma samples and 50% in normal ear canal skin.The positive cells were mostly in spine layer and granular layer in normal ear canal skin,low intensive,light-brown,and its LI was 13.3%±4.9%;in middle ear cholsteatoma epithelium,the positive cells scattered among all layers of the epithelium,and stained strongly in spine layer,high intensive,strong-brown,and its LI was 32.3%±5.7%,there was obvious difference （P<0.05）.④In cholesteatoma epithelium samples,the LI of p21WAF1 and TGF-β1 didn’[KG-*3]t have significant difference. But in cholesteatomatous tissues there was positive correlation between the LI average of p21WAF1 and the LI average of TGF-β1 (r=0.913，P<0.001) .Conclusion TGF-β1 and p21WAF1 can promote the occurrence and development of middle ear cholesteatoma,and they have positive correlation.

Objective To study the expression of hK10 in ovarian cancer tissue and the significances of hk10 gene in the early diagonosis of ovarian cancer. Methods ①cDNA microarray containing 4 097 genes was used to analyze gene expression patterns in samples from 5 cases of human ovarian serous cystadenocarinoma and 5 cases of normal ovarian tissues. ②RT-PCR method was used to investigate the expressions of hK10 mRNA in samples of 32 serous cystadenocarinoma,20 serous cystadenoma and 16 normal ovarian tissues. Results ①58 genes of differential expression were found in ovarian cancer tissue by cDNA microarray. The expression of 30 genes increased (up-regulated),the expression of 28 genes decreased (down-regulated). hk10 was the up-regulated gene（Cy5/Cy3＝3.031）. ②The expression levels of hK10 gene in normal ovarian tissues and benign ovarian tumor tissues were lower,but higher in ovarian cancer tissues.The expression level of hK10 was 0.023±0.015 in normal ovarian tissues,0.032±0.045 in benign ovarian tumor tissues and 0.106±0.045 in ovarian cancer tissues.The expression level of hK10 gene in ovarian cancer tissues was significantly higher than those in normal ovarian and benign ovarian tumor（P<0.01）. Conclusion cDNA microarray could be used to screen differential expression gene in ovarian cancer;the expression level of hK10 gene is increased in ovarian cancer tissues,it may be a new tumor marker for ovarian cancer.

Objective To observe the effects of LPS and PMA on proliferation of human len epithelial( HLE )cells and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in HLE cells. Methods The expressions of EGFR protein of HLE cells from felus,adult lens age-related cataract and cultured HLE cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining.The expression of EGFR mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.The effects of LPS (0.5,1.0,2.0 mg•L^-1 ) and PMA(25,50,100 nmol•L^-1 )on proliferation of HLE cells were detected by MTT colorimetry method,and the EGFR mRNA expression in HLE cells was determined by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of EGFR　 protein and mRNA were positive in HLE cells from felus,adult lens age-related cataract and cultured HLE cells.The proliferation rates of HLE cells treated with 0.5,1.0,2.0 mg•L^-1 LPS were （3.21±0.42）%,（12.25±1.34）% and （36.67±3.65）%,respectively.The proliferation rate of HLE cells in 2.0 mg•L^-1 LPS group was higher than those in 0.5 and 1.0 mg•L^-1 LPS groups（F=7.709，P<0.01）. 2.0 mg•L^-1 LPS increased the expression of EGFR mRNA.There was no significant difference in proliferation rate between 25,50 and 100 nmol•L^-1PMA groups(P>0.05).PMA(25,50,100 nmol•L^-1)could not effect the expression of EGFR mRNA in HLE cells . Conclusion Inflammation stimulant factor such as LPS can promote the proliferation of HLE cells by increasing the expression of EGFR and result in occurrence of posterior capsular opacifition(PCO).

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of tripterygium glycosides(TG) and glucocorticoid(GC) for nephritic syndrome(NS). Methods Randomized controlled trials(RCT) or clinical controlled trials(CCT) with TG and GC for treatment of NS as treatment group and GC as control group were applied for the systemic review. According to the requirements of Cochrane systematic review,a thorough literature search was performed among PubMed,Cochrane library,CBMdisc,CNKI,Wanfang Database and relevant medical journals in China.Two qualified reviewers reviewed the original articles,extracting data and evaluating the quality independently.With RevMan 4.2 software,a Meta-analysis was performed on 9 papers which met the inclusion criteria. Results The literatures of remission and recurrence rate had homogeneity.Compared with control group,the incorporation remission rate in treatment group was higher(OR＝2.61，95%CI 1.37－4.97),but the incorporation recurrence rate after six months had significant difference(OR =0.18，95%CI 0.09-0.36).Funnel plots were nearly symmetry. Conclusion TG and GC may become a prospect therapy for NS.Their definite effects for NS will be further confirmed by multiple-center,large-sample RCT.

Objective To investigate the clinic curative effects,serum cortisol and ovarian function after treated with low-dose mifepristone following conservative surgery in recurrent endometriosis.Methods One hundred twenty-six patients with recurrent endometriosis after abdominoscope diagnosis were divided into M and D groups,the patients in group M (n=72)were treated orally with mifepristone and group D(n=54) with danazol,the symptoms，signs，ovarian function and changes in blood cortisol 3 months after treatment were observed. Results The differences　 of remission rates after treatment on symptoms, dysmenorrhea,hypogastralgia during non menstrual period,sexual intercourse pain,pelvic cavity tenderness,rear excavation tuberosity,womb movement restriction,aberrant ovary cyst size between two groups were not significant (P>0.05).After treatment,blood serum E₂ level in group M was (74.18±22.32) pmol•L^-1,whereas that in group D was (24.96±3.94)pmol•L^-1,there was significant difference（P<0.01).The differences of blood serum cortisol level between two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Clinical symptoms of patients with recurrent endometriosis in two groups are improved.Serum E₂ level in group M remains in the follicular phase,but group D declines to postmenopausal range.Mifepristone does not result in lack of estrogen,ovulation recovers rapidly after treatment in group M compared with group D.Mifepristone and danazol have not obvious impact on blood serum cortisol.