碱激发凝灰岩石粉⁃粉煤灰⁃矿渣复合胶凝体系力学性能

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升凝灰岩石粉的综合利用率，采用凝灰岩石粉取代部分矿渣和粉煤灰制备了碱激发三元固废胶凝材料。首先，测试了单一激发剂模数下凝灰岩石粉、粉煤灰和矿渣不同掺量的胶凝材料体系抗压、抗折强度，发现抗压强度随矿渣掺量增多而提高，随凝灰岩石粉和粉煤灰掺量的增多而降低。在凝灰岩石粉掺量一定的情况下，随着粉煤灰掺量的增多、矿渣掺量的减少，28 d与3 d抗折强度差值逐渐减小。当凝灰岩石粉、粉煤灰、矿渣掺量比例为1∶1∶3时，三元固废胶凝体系的抗压强度最高。其次，开展了不同激发剂模数和碱当量下该配比力学性能的测试，研究结果表明：激发剂模数较低时，碱性过强，导致聚合反应太快使水化反应不充分，抗压强度较低，随着激发剂模数增大，抗压强度随之增大，但激发剂模数过大会使激发剂中OH^―含量降低，聚合反应减弱，导致抗压强度下降；随着碱当量的提高，抗压强度与抗折强度随之提高，达到最优碱当量后，抗压强度基本不变，抗折强度开始降低。最后，采用SEM、EDS、XRD、NMR等微观测试对部分碱激发三元固废胶凝体系抗折强度随龄期降低的原因和机理进行了阐释，研究结果表明：当碱性过高时，OH^―与固废快速反应形成的胶体骨架结构提供早期强度，但随着龄期的增长，过量的OH^―进入胶体骨架内部与Ca²⁺反应形成Ca（OH）₂，同时高浓度的NaOH溶液与空气中CO₂反应生成碳酸根离子，进一步生成CaCO₃，造成体积膨胀，形成内部应力和微裂缝，导致28 d抗折强度的下降。

关键词: 凝灰岩石粉, 碱激发, 力学性能, 激发剂模数, 三元固废胶凝材料

Abstract:

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of tuff powder， the alkali-activated ternary solid waste cementitious material was prepared by replacing part of slag and fly ash with tuff powder. Firstly， the compressive and flexural strength of cementitious material system with different contents of tuff powder， fly ash and slag under single activator modulus were tested. It was found that the compressive strength increased with the increase of slag content， and decreased with the increase of tuff powder and fly ash content. In the case of a certain amount of tuff powder， with the increase of fly ash content and the decrease of slag content， the difference between 28 d and 3 d flexural strength gradually decreases. When the proportion of tuff powder， fly ash and slag is 1∶1∶3， the compressive strength of the ternary solid waste cementitious system is the highest. Secondly， the mechanical properties of the ratio under different activator modulus and alkali equivalent were tested. The results show that when the activator modulus is low， the alkalinity is too strong， resulting in too fast polymerization reaction， insufficient hydration reaction and low compressive strength. With the increase of the activator modulus， the compressive strength increases， but the excessive modulus of the activator will reduce the OH^―content in the activator， and the polymerization reaction will be weakened， resulting in a decrease in compressive strength. With the increase of alkali equivalent， the compressive strength and flexural strength increase. After reaching the optimal alkali equivalent， the compressive strength is basically unchanged， and the flexural strength begins to decrease. SEM， EDS， XRD， NMR and other microscopic tests were used to explain the reason and mechanism of the decrease of flexural strength of partially alkali-activated ternary solid waste cementitious system with age. It was found that when the alkalinity was too high， the colloidal skeleton structure formed by the rapid reaction of OH^―and solid waste provided early strength. However， with the increase of age， excessive OH^―entered the interior of the colloidal skeleton and reacted with Ca²⁺to form Ca（OH）₂. The high concentration of NaOH solution reacted with CO₂ in the air to form carbonate ions， which further generated CaCO₃， causing volume expansion， forming internal stress and microcracks， resulting in a decrease in flexural strength at 28 d.

Key words: tuff powder, alkali-activated, mechanical performance, activator modulus, ternary solid waste cementitious material

中图分类号:

TU526

于本田,刘志斌,冯元,王彦鹏,初庆妍,李建强. 碱激发凝灰岩石粉⁃粉煤灰⁃矿渣复合胶凝体系力学性能[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(9): 2408-2420.

Ben-tian YU,Zhi-bin LIU,Yuan FENG,Yan-peng WANG,Qing-yan CHU,Jian-qiang LI. Mechanical properties of alkali-activated tuff powder-fly ash-slag composite cementitious system[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(9): 2408-2420.

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固废种类	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	其他
凝灰岩石粉	47.40	18.60	12.20	12.30	4.88	1.47	1.19	1.96
粉煤灰	51.45	29.51	5.34	5.54	1.37	1.59	2.01	3.19
矿渣	35.47	15.34	35.38	0.45	8.34	0.67	0.34	3.98

编号	凝灰岩石粉/g	粉煤灰/g	矿渣/g	氢氧化钠溶液		硅酸钠溶液		激发剂模数
编号	凝灰岩石粉/g	粉煤灰/g	矿渣/g	浓度/（mol·L^-1）	体积/mL	浓度/（mol·L^-1）	体积/mL	激发剂模数
TF	500	0	0	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
FA	0	500	0	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
SL	0	0	500	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A1	200	50	250	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A2	200	100	200	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A3	200	150	150	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A4	200	200	100	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A5	200	250	50	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A6	100	100	300	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A7	100	150	250	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A8	100	200	200	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A9	100	250	150	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
A10	100	300	100	10.0	150	1.64	20	0.042
B1	100	100	300	12.5	150	1.64	20	0.034
B2	100	100	300	7.5	150	1.64	20	0.055
B3	100	100	300	5.0	150	1.64	20	0.08
B4	100	100	300	2.5	150	1.64	20	0.15
B5	100	100	300	1.5	150	1.00	20	0.15
B6	100	100	300	2.0	150	1.32	20	0.15
B7	100	100	300	3.0	140	1.42	30	0.15
B8	100	100	300	2.5	150	4.00	20	0.30
B9	100	100	300	4.0	100	2.00	70	0.41
B10	100	100	300	2.5	100	2.00	70	0.53
B11	100	100	300	7.5	30	1.50	140	0.65
B12	100	100	300	4.0	30	1.50	140	0.78
B13	100	100	300	2.5	20	1.50	150	0.90