Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 2340-2349.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250150

Previous Articles    

Multi⁃modal evacuation strategies for metro operational disruptions

Yuan-wen LAI(),Yang-fan WU,Jian-hong LIANG,Yuan-chen CAI,Shu-yi WANG()   

  1. College of Civil Engineering，Fuzhou University，Fuzhou 350116，China
  • Received:2025-02-26 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-07
  • Contact: Shu-yi WANG E-mail:laiyuanwen@fzu.edu.cn;syw@fzu.edu.cn

RICH HTML

 1   

PDF (PC)

2

Abstract:

A multi-modal emergency evacuation strategy combining emergency buses and emergency cabs is proposed for the problem that existing studies mostly relied only on emergency shuttle buses for passenger flow evacuation under metro operation disruption scenarios， with little consideration given to coordinated evacuation via multi?mode travel. First， a multi-modal emergency access model is constructed to minimize passenger travel delays and reduce emergency evacuation costs. Then， a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Finally， the two-way operational disruptions in the morning peak interval of metro line 1 in Fuzhou City are used as a case study to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the model and algorithm. The results show that compared with the single bridging bus strategy， the multi-modal evacuation strategy achieves a reduction of 9.2% and 22.4% in the total cost and passenger travel time cost， respectively.

Key words: urban traffic, metro operation disruption, passenger travel mode choices, multi-modal evacuation strategy, genetic algorithm

CLC Number: 

  • U491

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of bridging bus evacuation"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of emergency cabs evacuation"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of the genetic algorithm process"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of interrupted intervals and bridging bus stops on Fuzhou Metro Line 1"

Table 1

Bridging bus stop information"

地铁站点公交驻车点驻车点编号可用车辆数/辆指派时间/min
南门兜（S9）道山路口公交站Z134
仁德枢纽场站Z284
福州高速指挥中心Z3814
三叉街（S13）公交专用停车场Z4510
公交集团亚峰停车场Z5610
公交驾校停车场Z688

Table 2

Minimum travel distance between stations"

站点编号最短行驶距离/km站点编号最短行驶距离/km
S1~S21.7S13~S141.4
S2~S31.1S14~S151.2
S3~S42.4S15~S160.9
S4~S51.6S16~S171.2
S5~S60.9S17~S180.8
S6~S71.2S18~S191.1
S7~S81.3S19~S201.7
S8~S90.8S20~S211.5
S9~S100.9S21~S221.0
S10~S111.6S22~S231.4
S11~S122.5S23~S243.0
S12~S131.1S24~S250.7

Table 3

Interruption of service intervals affected by passenger demand"

DO
S9S10S11S12S13
S90436404284233
S101780814104
S112231209232
S12505332087
S136713532371960

Table 4

Probability of passengers choosing bridging bus evacuation"

DO
S9S10S11S12S13
S900.243 90.217 60.226 60.240 4
S100.243 900.206 50.208 60.207 9
S110.217 60.206 500.222 70.218 3
S120.226 60.208 60.222 700.232 6
S130.240 40.207 90.218 30.232 60

Table 5

Probability of passengers choosing emergency cabs evacuation"

DO
S9S10S11S12S13
S900.294 10.327 50.329 60.324 2
S100.294 100.323 70.327 70.335
S110.327 50.323 700.314 90.321 6
S120.329 60.327 70.314 900.280 4
S130.324 20.3350.321 60.280 40

Fig.5

Change curve of objective function"

Table 6

Dispatch program for emergency cabs"

站点编号召集出租车辆/辆开行线路
S925S9~S10
S9~S11
S9~S13
S1024S10~S12
S1124S11~S9
S11~S13
S1225S12~S9
S12~S10
S1324S13~S9
S13~S10

Table 7

Dispatch program for bridging buses"

公交驻车点

编号

派出车辆数/辆运行模式

发车频率/

（辆·min-1）

12“站站停”0.664
26
31
41
51
62

Fig.6

Comparison of passenger travel time and operating costs under different connectivity strategies"

Fig.7

Sensitivity analysis of total cost-frequency of dispatch and cab dispatch scale"

Fig.8

Sensitivity analysis of passenger travel cost-operating cost and cab dispatch scale"

[1] 邓亚娟, 茹小磊, 梁国华, 等. 城市轨道交通应急接驳公交蓄车点选址[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2018, 18(4): 143-150.
Deng Ya-juan, Ru Xiao-lei, Liang Guo-hua, et al. Depot locations for emergency bridging buses in urban rail transit[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2018, 18(4): 143-150.
[2] 姚加林, 齐弦. 城轨运营中断条件下公交应急线路开行方案研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2018, 15(7): 1863-1870.
Yao Jia-lin, Qi Xian. Research on bus emergency route plan in the operation interruption of urban rail transit[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2018, 15(7): 1863-1870.
[3] Wang Y, Huang Y, Tian L, et al. Shuttle bus line planning in response to unexpected disruption in urban rail transit networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 54398-54407.
[4] 王佳冬, 袁振洲, 宁尚彬. 城轨运营中断下应急公交车辆调度模型[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2019, 19(4): 149-154, 163.
Wang Jia-dong, Yuan Zhen-zhou, Ning Shang-bin. Optimization model of emergency bus dispatching in response to operational disruptions of urban rail transit[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2019, 19(4): 149-154, 163.
[5] 吴炜光. 多模式交通网络环境下典型多方式组合出行效用分析[D]. 南京: 东南大学交通学院, 2018.
Wu Wei-guang. Utility analysis of representative combined travel mode in multi-modal traffic network[D]. Nanjing: School of Transportation, Southeast University, 2018.
[6] Qiu F, Li W, Haghani A. A methodology for choosing between fixed-route and flex-route policies for transit services[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2015, 49(3): 496-509.
[7] Pnevmatikou A M, Karlaftis M G, Kepaptsoglou K. Metro service disruptions: how do people choose to travel?[J]. Transportation, 2015, 42(6): 933-949.
[8] Fang Y, Jiang Y. Replacement service decisions for disruption recovery in light rail systems[J]. Management of Environmental Quality, 2019, 30(2): 286-306.
[9] 刘莎莎, 姚恩建, 张永生. 轨道交通乘客个性化出行路径规划算法[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2014, 14(5): 100-104, 132.
Liu Sha-sha, Yao En-jian, Zhang Yong-sheng. Personalized route planning algorithm for urban rail transit passengers[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014, 14(5): 100-104, 132.
[10] Tversky A, Kahneman D. Advances in prospect theory-cumulative characterization of uncertainty[J]. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 1992, 5(4): 297-323.
[11] 苏娟. 城市轨道交通客流分配研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 2009.
Su Juan. Research on flow assignment of urban rail transit[D]. Beijing: School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, 2009.
[12] 鲁鸣鸣, 郑林. 交通大数据驱动的地铁和出租车接驳出行规划[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2018, 54(15): 262-270.
Lu Ming-ming, Zheng Lin. Traffic big data based subway and taxi connection travel planning[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2018, 54(15): 262-270.
[13] 潘述亮, 卢小林, 邹难. 灵活型接驳公交路径优化及协同调度模型[J]. 吉林大学学报: 工学版, 2016, 46(6): 1827-1835.
Pan Shu-liang, Lu Xiao-lin, Zou Nan. Route planning and coordinated scheduling model for flexible feeder transit service[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2016, 46(6): 1827-1835.
[14] 钱蕾. 双向中断下城市轨道交通网络列车运行调整研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 2021.
Qian Lei. Research on train operation adjustment of urban rail transit network under bidirectional interruption[D]. Beijing: School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, 2021.
[15] 何祖勇, 郭茜, 吴刚. 考虑时间容忍度的轨道交通应急接驳公交蓄车点选址研究[J]. 交通运输工程与信息学报, 2022, 20(1): 80-88.
He Zu-yong, Guo Qian, Wu Gang. Depot locations of emergency bridging buses for urban rail transit considering time tolerance[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2022, 20(1): 80-88.
[16] 王菁. 基于出租车GPS数据的城市交通时空特征分析及路网关键点段识别建模[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学交通运输学院, 2020.
Wang Jing. Analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of urban traffic and identification modeling of key nodes and sections of road network based on taxi GPS data[D]. Beijing: School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, 2020.
[17] 张擎. 公交车辆应急救援服务点布局研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院, 2017.
Zhang Qing. Research on emergency rescue service site layout of public bus[D]. Chengdu: School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, 2017.
[1] Jun-yue WANG,Chun-jiao DONG,Jing WANG,Ming-zhi WANG. Trajectory data⁃driven taxi travel characteristics analysis and spatial⁃temporal distribution modeling [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(8): 2106-2115.
[2] Ming LIU,Si-wei CHEN,Jun-jie WANG,Yu-xuan LIANG,Xiao-dong YU. Subway truck express transport system based on improved modular A* optimization algorithm [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(7): 1937-1949.
[3] Guo-zhu CHENG,Yan-feng LYU,Tian-jun FENG. Multi⁃objective optimization model for bus transfer station layouts around metro stations [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(3): 711-724.
[4] Qiong-xin LIU,Tian-tian WANG,Ya-nan WANG. Non-dominated sorted particle swarm genetic algorithm to solve vehicle location routing problems [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(7): 2464-2474.
[5] Yuan-wen LAI,Yan-sheng CHEN,Shu-yi WANG,Yu-long ZHANG,Xin-yun ZHU. Bus schedule optimization considering bus and metro interchange needs [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(6): 2030-2037.
[6] Hao YUE,Xiao CHANG,Jian-ye LIU,Qiu-shi QU. Customized bus route optimization with vehicle window [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(4): 1266-1274.
[7] Cheng-dong ZHOU,Fei SONG,Xiao-mei ZHAO,Jun-jie YAO. Congestion pricing model in multi-modal network based on doubly dynamical evolution [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(4): 1319-1327.
[8] Tian-yang GAO,Da-wei HU,Rui-sen JIANG,Xue WU,Hui-tian LIU. Optimization study of zonal-based flexible feeder bus routes based on modular vehicle system [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(2): 537-545.
[9] Yao SUN,Bao-zhen YAO,Zi-jian BAI. Evaluate the validity of traffic congestion dispersion based on random forest method [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(2): 512-519.
[10] Xiao-hua ZENG,Kai-xuan LI,Kai HAN,Ming-yao GONG,Yu-feng HUANG. Semi⁃trailer stability parameter estimation based on genetic algorithm and recursive least squares method [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(12): 3793-3803.
[11] Pei-ning TIAN,Rui-yong TONG,Hai-peng WANG,Bao-hua MAO,Hao-xiang ZHANG,Xia LU. Optimization of cross-line train operation across the urban rail transit loop line [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 132-140.
[12] Guang-yue NIAN,Hai-xiao PAN,Jian SUN. Exploring relationship between urban built environment and road traffic performance [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 141-149.
[13] Chun-jiao DONG,Yu-xiao LU,She-qiang MA,Peng-hui LI. Identification of E⁃bike violation behaviors by considering waiting tolerance time [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(9): 2540-2546.
[14] Xiao-yue WEN,Guo-min QIAN,Hua-hua KONG,Yue-jie MIU,Dian-hai WANG. TrafficPro： a framework to predict link speeds on signalized urban traffic network [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(8): 2214-2222.
[15] Jin ZHU,Qi HUANG. Automated terminal horizontal transportation scheduling and route planning under network resource allocation [J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(8): 2245-2255.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Copyright © Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), All Rights Reserved.
Tel: +86-431-85095297　Fax: +86-431-85094074　E-mail: xbgxb@jlu.edu.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd