吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 185-193.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190049

• 地质工程与环境工程 • 上一篇    

不同初始含水量条件下的堰塞坝溃决机理

蒋先刚1,2, 吴雷1   

  1. 1. 四川农业大学土木工程学院, 成都 610041;
    2. 中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室(中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所), 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-25 发布日期:2020-02-11
  • 作者简介:蒋先刚(1987-),男,讲师,博士,主要从事山地灾害形成机制及防治方面的研究工作,E-mail:jxgjim@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41807289）；四川省教育厅基金项目（18ZA0374）

Influence of Initial Soil Moisture on Breaching Mechanism of Natural Dam

Jiang Xiangang1,2, Wu Lei1   

  1. 1. School of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610041, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences), Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2019-02-25 Published:2020-02-11
  • Supported by:
    Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41807289)and Project of Education Department of Sichuan Province(18ZA0374)

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摘要： 在影响堰塞坝溃决的众多因素中，初始含水量影响堰塞坝的溃决机理仍不清楚。通过开展不同初始含水量条件下的水槽试验，详细探究了初始含水量对溃决过程的影响规律。结果表明：不同初始含水量条件下的溃决过程均具有3个典型阶段，分别是牵引侵蚀过程、溯源侵蚀过程和水沙运动再平衡过程；峰值流量随初始含水量的增大而增大，而溃决历时和残留坝体高度随初始含水量的增大而减小；随初始含水量的增大，溯源侵蚀作用逐渐减弱，牵引侵蚀作用增强；随初始含水量的增大，溃口展宽率降低，侵蚀率增大；初始含水量小于7.8%时，平均侵蚀率增长缓慢，大于7.8%后，平均侵蚀率增长迅速，且10.3%初始含水量对应的平均侵蚀率约为7.8%初始含水量的2倍；溃口宽深比在溃决的前两阶段随初始含水量的增大而减小；溃决结束后的宽深比随含水量的增大呈先趋近于1.00、后远离1.00的演变。

关键词: 初始含水量, 堰塞坝, 漫顶溃决

Abstract: The breaching process of natural dams is influenced by many factors. However, it is still unclear about the effects of initial soil moisture on the discharge hydrograph and breach evolution. In this study, we conducted several laboratory tests to study how the initial soil moisture influences the breaching process of natural dams. The results show that there were three periods with different breaching characteristics in the breaching process with different initial soil moistures, namely the tractive erosion, the backward erosion, and the water and sand movement rebalance. The peak discharge increased with the increase of initial soil moisture. However, the breaching duration and dam height after dam failure decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture. The intensity of backward erosion decreased with the increase of initial soil moisture;in contrast, the tractive erosion enhanced with the increase of initial soil moisture. The greater the initial soil moisture was, the larger the incision rate was, and the incision rate increased slowly when the initial soil moisture was less than 7.8%, otherwise the incision rate increased quickly. In addition, the average incision rate at an initial water content of 10.3% was twice that of the initial water content of 7.8%. The ratio of breach width to depth decreased as the initial soil moisture increased before the last period. The ratio of breach width to depth after dam failure decreased with the increasing of initial soil moisture, which tended to be 1.00 and then less than 1.00 with increasing of the initial soil moisture.

Key words: initial soil moisture, natural dam, overtopping failure

中图分类号: 

  • P642.22
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