Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ›› 2015, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 142-155.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201501112

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Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluid of the Awanda Gold Deposit in Southwestern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, Xinjiang

Ding Qingfeng1, Fu Yu1, Wu Changzhi2, Dong Lianhui3, Qu Xun3, Cao Changsheng3, Xia Mingyi3, Sun Hongtao4   

  1. 1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research/School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China;
    3. Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Urumqi 830000, China;
    4. East China Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Nanjing 210007, China
  • Received:2014-03-16 Published:2015-01-26

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Abstract:

The Awanda gold deposit, a recently defined medium-size gold deposit in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, is located in the southwestern Tianshan orogenic belt. The gold mineralization occurs primarily within subsidiary faults in ore-hosting schist rocks. The sulfide mineral assemblage is dominated by arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, loellingite, with minor pyrite and gudmundite;and the sulfide mineral contents in the gold ore are less than 15%. The wall-rock alteration in the deposit includes silicification, sericitization and minor carbonatization. Combining microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions and the arsenopyrite geothermometer, authors discuss the evolution of the ore-forming fluids of this deposit. It was shown that fluid inclusions in quartz grains from the ore consist of major two-phase aqueous inclusions and minor three-phase CO2-bearing ones. The two-phase aqueous inclusions have a bimodal-distributed homogenization temperatures of 188-380℃ and salinities of 6.9%-20.7%NaCl, while the CO2-bearing inclusions have the homogenization temperatures of 238-347℃ and salinities of 2.8%-7.0%NaCl. The arsenopyrite geothermometer shows that the sulfide assemblage of arsenopyrite+pyrrhotite+loellingite in Awanda gold deposit formed in a high-temperature condition ranging from 345℃ to 420℃, and there are some low-temperature arsenopyrites that can not to be applied by the arsenopyrite geothermometer. It can be synthesized that the ore-forming fluid experienced from the high-temperature epoch to the low-intermediate-temperature one. In the high-temperature epoch, the ore-forming fluid are characterized by the high homogenization temperatures of 270-380℃, the trapping temperatures of 345-420℃ from arsenopyrite geothermometer and the calculated trapping pressures of 74-142 MPa (the metallogenic depths of 2.8-5.4 km evaluated by lithostatic pressure system), and the ore-forming fluid belonged to a low-intermediate-salinity H2O-CO2-NaCl system and depositing high-temperature arsenopyrites and other sulfides. In the low-intermediate-temperature epoch, the ore-forming fluid are characterized by the low-intermediate homogenization temperatures of 188-270℃, the trapping temperatures less than 304℃ but larger than 270℃, and the calculated trapping pressures lower than 104 MPa but higher than 52 MPa, and the ore-forming fluid belonged to a low-intermediate-salinity H2O-NaCl system and forming low-temperature arsenopyrites and other sulfides. According to the geological characteristics and the evolution of the ore-forming fluid of the Awanda gold deposit, it can be conclued that the deposit belongs to the epizonal-mesozonal orogenic gold deposit.

Key words: Southwestern Tianshan orogenic belt in Xinjiang, Awanda gold deposit, fluid inclusion, arsenopyrite geothermometer, orogenic gold deposit

CLC Number: 

  • P618.51

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