On the basis of the detailed geological interpretation of seismic profile in northern margin of Qaidam basin, combined with the result of field geological survey, the author concluded the studying area converted from the Jurassic NE-SW trending extensional structure framework to the NEE-SWW trending compressional structure framework during the Cretaceous Period, which formed the NNW trending fault-related folds and inverted structures, the nature of northern Qaidam basin is compression-depression basin. The variation of sedimentary rhythm, lithology and thickness of Cretaceous System and the variation of its contact with overlying and underlying strata from conformity to disconformity to conformity are mainly affected by the spatial and temporal variation of the intensity of activity of syn-tectonic fault-related folds and inverted structures. During the Cretaceous Period the deformation features of northern margin of Qaidam basin differed greatly from those basins in the East of China which indicated that structural evolution of the West of China and the East of China were controlled by different tectonic regimes, the NEE-SWW compression in northern margin of Qaidam basin during the Cretaceous Period were possibly related with the collision between the Gangdise landmass and the Eurasian continent in the Tethyan tectonic domain.

Based on sequence stratigraphy, according to 1 340 wells, the authors analyzed the characteristic of hydrocarbon reservoirs enrichment in the sequence stratigraphic framework in Qikou sag. The research shows that hydrocarbon reservoirs enriched near the second order sequence interface in Qikou sag. The closer to the second order sequence interface, the more enriched the hydrocarbon was. In the internal sequence, hydrocarbon reservoirs mainly enriched in lacustrine expanding system tract and low stand system tract. However, each sequence presented some differences. Above the second order sequence interface, hydrocarbon reservoirs mainly enriched in lacustrine expanding system tract and low stand system tract which were under the maximum flooding surface. Under the second order sequence interface, hydrocarbon reservoirs mainly enriched in high stand system tracts. On the plane, hydrocarbon reservoirs mainly congregated near steep slope zone which was controlled by sag marginal fault. The flexure slope break was the least hydrocarbon enrichment zone, but the exploration potential of lithologic reservoirs was huge. Hereby, the author proposed the thought that second order sequence interface+corresponding system tract in the third sequence+correlatable sag slope break types=favorable exploration zone. It is the three elements coupling controlled the favorable exploration zone.

In order to forecast the favorable zones of the Cretaceous in Akekule area in Tarim basin, based on sequence stratigraphy theory and analysis of cores, logging and seismic information, the sequence stratigraphy frame is established, and the relationships between the frame and sediment, and the frame and structural evolution are analyzed. The results show that there are two second-order sequences, which correspond to Bashenjiqike Group and Kapushaliang Group. The Kapushaliang Group is divided into three third-order sequences. The types of sedimentary facies are braided delta, meandering delta, and lacustrine facies. The sand bodies of lowstand system tract and highstand system tract of Sq1 are favorable explore targets in the south part of Akekule area.

Targeting on the Middle-Triassic Lower Karamay Formation in Hong 29 district of  3D seismic exploration of the Hongshanzui oil field in the Junggar basin, combining with the drilling data and logging date, it can identified a long scale cycle and 3 middle scale cycles (MSC1, MSC2, MSC3) by high resolution sequence stratigraphy. During the course of long scale cycle, the river channel bending index apparently presented characteristics as low-high-low, meanwhile the continuity of channel sand also displayed an evaluation as good-bad-good. By analyzing the characteristics of reservoirs and hydrocarbon of Lower Karamay Formation, it found that the oil and gas were mainly assembled in the MSC2 , while the river channel bending index during this cycle was relatively high, and the channel sand bodies had a bad continuity. Connecting with the rule of the lithologic reservoir accumulation, it put forward an exploration method that “finding the poor sand in the rich sand”, which presented that the “poor” sand at the highest location of long baselevel was also the advantaged zone for exploration and fault-lithology composite trap was the favorable  explorationary target.

The quantity of the water production and the number of water producing wells of water-rich blocks of Ma5 gas reservoir in Jingbian gas field increase rapidly, with an expanding water-rich area, so it damages the exploitation of the gas reservoir seriously. Based on classifying the gas reservoir as waterrich region, water invaded region and gas region, the reasons of expanding the water body in four aspects and the methods to control water in three ways are discussed and proposed. The original gas-water distribution is the basis for the expansion of water production areas. The difference of reservoir properties is the potential cause of water-rich regions expanding. The storage and transport capacity of water bodies is determined by the characteristics of micro-pore structure. Under the imbalance of formation pressure, which caused by exploration, water flows from water regions to gas regions. To control water and produce gas, three ways are proposed. Make sure various types of well operating in the proper drawdown pressure. The types of gas wells should fit recovering gas and draining water,the drawdown pressure should be ensured to meet the well normal production. The development strategy of “Draining water inside and keeping pressure outside”, “Taking drainage as key measure”, “Controlling the balance of block pressure” is proposed.

The geochemical study on well Songke-1 in Songliao basin indicates the biological development, varied water environments and paleoproductivity of paleo-Songliao Lake during the Late Cretaceous. A formula used to quantify the paleoproductivity of ocean was applied to restore paleoproductivity during the Late Cretaceous in Songliao basin. The results show that the highest paleoproductivity achieved at 3 000 g/（m²·a）during the deposition of the 1st Member of Qingshankou Formation (K₂qn¹) and the 1st Member of Nenjiang Formation (K₂n¹). Biomarker indicators show that the paleoproductivity was mainly contributed by algae and the paleolake was in hypereutrophic or eutrophic state with stratified water column and anoxic water-sediment interface. It is believed that the eutrophic lake was the result of transgression during the Late Cretaceous and formed high paleoproductivity. During the early age of Qingshankou 2nd-3rd Members’ deposit, the nutrients of the lake decreased to mesotrophic-eutrophic and the bioproductivity was decreasing. In the late age of Qingshankou 2nd-3rd Members’ deposit, the bioproductivity bloomed again and the lake became mesotrophic. The lake was in mesotrophic state with bioproductivity average at 365 g/(m²·a) during the deposit of Yaojia 1st Member. Both in the early and late deposit of Yaojia 2nd[CD*2]3rd  Members, the lake was in oligotrophic state with the bioproductivity lower than 100 g/（m²·a）and in the mid stage of deposit the lake became mesotrophic with increasing bioproductivity. It is concluded that the paleolake was characterized with blooming biomass and vibrating water environment. Further study shows that hypereutrophication and eutrophication are essential for depositing high-quality source rock.

The clay mineral from the sandstone reservoir with hypabyssal intrusives is analyzed by X-diffraction. Three kinds of clay mineral assemblages are recognized at Xifeng well. They are illite-smectite mixed-layer+chilkinite+chloritoid±kaolinite±chloritoid-smectite mixed-layer assemblage, chilkinite+chloritoid±chloritoid-smectite mixed-layer assemblage and chloritoid-smectite mixed-layer+kaolinite +chilkinite +chloritoid assemblage.
The average content of chilkinite in the surrounding rocks on hanging wall decreases with the increase of the distance beyond the diabase-prophyrite. The average contents of illite-smectite mixed-layer, kaolinite and chloritoid increase with the increase of the distance. The average contents of chilkinite, kaolinite and chloritoid in the surrounding rocks on bottom wall increase with the increase of the distance. But the average contents of illite-smectite mixedlayer decreases with the increase of the distance. With the increase of the illite, the porosity and thickness of the surrounding rocks increases, while the permeability of the surrounding rocks decrease.

The Carboniferous-Permian strata in east Jilin is mainly composed of pelitic rocks for which no detailed mineralogical research works have been done up to now. By using JSM-6700F field emission scanning electron microscope and INCA EDS, the authors focused on the micro-morphology and composition of illite, the most important clay mineral of the pelitic rocks. The crystallinity, polytype and b₀ dimension of illite were measured using a D/mas-2500X-ray diffractometer. The illite crystallinity  ranges from 0.26 to 0.76 and  averages at 0.44. The illite polytype of (muscovite) is featured by 1M_d, 1M_d+2M₁ and 2M₁ types. The illite(muscovite)  b₀ mension  ranges from 8.996Å to 9.045Å  and averages at 9.007Å . The illite crystallinity of the Carboniferous rocks ranges from 0.26 to 0.50,averages at 0.35. Their polytype is predominantly 2M₁, averaged b₀ dimension is 9.011Å . These results suggest that the Carboniferous rocks probably were formed in a low anchizone. In contrast, the illite crystallinity of the Permian rocks ranges from 0.26 to 0.50, averages at 0.42, its polytype is mainly 1M_d+2M₁, mean b₀ dimension is 9.004Å , indicating a late diagenetic zone.

The Lawu copper-lead-zinc deposit in Dangxiong, Tibet, is hosted in the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Laigu Group in the southern part of the Namucuo-Jiali fault belt. The ore bodies are controlled by the Riyinna anticline and faults of different directions. The mineralization in the deposit can be divided into two types, the early layered and laminated and the later veined ores. The derivation of the ore-forming materials and the genesis of the deposit are discussed by studying on the geological characteristics of the deposit, the stable isotope and REE of the ores and their host rocks. It shows that the REE of the host rocks is characterized by weak negative anomalies of Ce/ Ce^* （0.89-0.95）and  moderately depleted Eu/ Eu^* （0.56-0.64）. δ³⁴S  value of the sulfide  is from -2.92‰ to -0.42‰, averaging -1.68‰，indicating that sulfur might come from a deep-source. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the fluid inclusions in quartz in the ores indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the deposit was dominantly formed by the mixing of the deeply circulated seawater and the magmatic water at the early period of mineralization. However, the late stage of mineralization was featured by long time of involvement and dominance of meteoric waters. The study shows that the Lawu copper-lead-zinc deposit belongs to a sedimentary exhalative Cu-Pb-Zn deposit superimposed by the Yanshanian magmaic hydrothermal activity.

The Jubao cpper deposit in Taonan, Jilin Province is situated at the Budunhua-Changchunling tectonic-metallogenic belt. The is made up of three lode groups. Altered diorite porphyrite and a SN trending-fault control the occurrence and distribution of the Copper mineralization. The main ore minerals found in the Jubao copper deposit are chalcopyrite, Pyrite and chalcocite with varied gold and silver enrichment. The ores are featured by matasomatic texture and veined and disseminated structures. The mineralization in the deposit could be divided into four stages：pyrite; chalcopyrite; polymettlic sulfides and carbonate stages. The fluid inclusions of the Jubao copper deposit is made mainly of vapor and liquid two phases and daughter mineral-bearing three phases. The two phases inclusions is 6-8 μm with gas/liquid ratio 10%-20%, homogenization temperature between 163.8-364.0 ℃ centered mostly around 180-240 ℃,and salinity (w(NaCl)) of 1.05%-10.62%. Daughter mineral-bearing three phases inclusions is 5-10 μm，gas/liquid ratio 3%-6%，homogenization temperature 270-367 ℃and  salinity (w(NaCl)) range of 35.89%-42.85%. The Density of the liquid inclusions is 0.56-1.08 g/cm³. The mineralizeing-pressure is estimated at 11.71-42.91 MPa and the mineralizing depth at  1.12-3.0 km. It is concluded that the Jubao copper deposit belongs to medium temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposit, and the mineralization is genetically related to the  diorite porphyrite.

The Banmiaozi gold deposit is a medium-sized one structurally controlled by the  ductile shear zone in the western Jiapigou auriferous metallogenic belt. The main mineralization type of the deposit is gold-bearing quartz vein. Fluid inclusions in quartz can be classified into aqueous two-phase and CO₂-bearing three-phase types. The homogenization temperatures for the CO₂-bearing three-phase inclusions range from 250 ℃ to 326 ℃, and the salinities range from 4.51% to 7.14%; the homogenization temperatures for the aqueous two-phase range from 129 ℃ to 229 ℃, and the salinities range from 5.25% to 7.01%. According to the results of inclusions temperature measurement, the metallogenic pressure is estimated mainly between 34.7-109.6 MPa and the formation depth of deposit at about 6-7 km. Considering the metallogenic setting in this area, the deposit should be prospecting for its moderate-deep erosion.

The opal shale is heated up to 600℃ to 1200℃ by heat treatment. The original and heated samples have been characterized by SEM and XRD, and the specific surface area is measured by the BET method. The adsorption capacity of the opal shale is tested by the rhodamine-B solution. The results show that the opal shale is made of microcrystalline tridymite and α-quartz. The specific surface area of the opal shale is up to 82.856 m²/g , increases with the rising temperature and reaches its maximum at 900 ℃. After 900 ℃, the specific surface area of the opal shale declines with the fatherly rising in temperature of heat treatment. The adsorption rate is fast, and the de-colorization rate could exceed 96%. With high adsorption capability, high adsorption rate and high thermal stability, the opal shale has wide application prospects.

On the basis of TL dating and grain size analysis of the Core HDBZK-1 samples in the Changchun Area, the authors employ K₂O, Na₂O, MgO, CaO, Al₂O₃ and their ratios, K₂O/Na₂O and Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+CaO+Na₂O), which are sensitive to environmental changes, combined with pollen analysis, to analyze the climate environment change of the Changchun area during the late Mid-Pleistocene (probably from 280 to 120 kaB.P.). The results show that the Changchun area has experienced four distinctive cold-dry and warm-wet paleo-climate changes during the late Mid-Pleistocene: cold and dry (281.6-244.0 kaB.P.)-moderate warm and slightly wet (244.0-215.0 kaB.P.)-cold and dry (215.0-131.8 kaB.P.)-the climate turned warm and wet again, with an obvious sign of a sudden increase of freshwater algae (131.8-126.4 kaB.P.), which probably comply with the climate cycles reflected by deep-sea oxygen isotope curves.

Dezhou City is in a typical Yellow River downstream alluvial plain pore water hydrogeology area where the distinct characteristics of water environment is comprised of salt water and fresh water,so that the natural aquatic environment condition of underground fresh water is rather sensitive and fragile. The continuous exploitation of the groundwater brings great changes in the hydrodynamic force field and hydrochemical field in this area. Based on the monitoring data of groundwater quality in Dezhou City from 1996 to 2007, the authors discuss water quality characteristic and analyze the water quality evolution of shallow groundwater. Results indicate that the water quality of shallow groundwater evolves constantly, in which the water quality index of total hardness, degree of mineralization and Cl^- changes obviously. As diminished mineralization of groundwater caused by the change of the hydraulic force field, the total hardness and degree of mineralization decrease to some extent and the water quality has a tendency of desalinization in the area of Qihe County and Suliuzhuang Town of Xiajin County. Because of strengthening mineralization of groundwater caused by the change of the hydraulic force field, the total hardness and degree of mineralization increase to some extent and the water quality has a tendency of salinization in Ningjin County and Zhangzhuang Town of Yucheng City. According to the groundwater quality evolution tendency in study area, water adjustment measures have been put forward which may make the brackish water evolve into fresh water.

Taken Houzhai karstic water system as an example, the precipitation and spring discharge ideal model of karstic region was developed by applying the conduit flow process (CFP) in order to characterize the recharge and transport mechanism of the kartstic system. Different sinkhole recharge positions, different conductivities and specific yields were considered to characterize the cross-correlation of precipitation and spring discharge. The results show that the change degree of the cross-correlation is higher under different recharge positions than that under different aquifer properties. The peak value of the cross correlation coefficient with the short distance discharge can reach 1 under different hydraulic conductivity and specific yield combinations. However, it can only reach 0.4 with the long distance discharge. Analysis results of the field investigation  also indicate that the peak value of the cross correlation can reach 0.7 under the short distance discharge situation,while it only reaches 0.4 under long distance discharge situation. The cross correlation curves of precipitation and spring discharge can be used to study karstic hydrodynamic characteristic, such as the karstic conduit flow paths supplemented by necessary hydrogeology survey.

Considering the different annual variation between the resource area and accept area during the construction of Hutuo River groundwater reservoir, which uses the transfer water of South-to-North transfer water project and local floodwater as the recharge water, based on the analyses of precipitation encounters between Han River basin and Shijiazhuang City, applied fuzzy mathematics and multi-dimension combined distribution probability method in the analysis of precipitation plentiful-scanty encounter character between Han River basin and Shijiazhuang City,  the fuzzy weighted recharge of groundwater reservoir in Hutuo River was calculated, and the artificial recharge effects under different plentiful-scanty encounter were simulated applied numerical method. The results show that, the available infiltrate water under different plentiful-scanty encounters has been calculated as (4.64-8.72)×10⁸m³/a，the fuzzy weighted recharge is 6.66×10⁸m³/a, artificial recharge can make groundwater level enhanced 1.47-3.45 m/a, the effective storage rates of groundwater reservoir are between 80% and 90%， because of the growth of lateral out-flow inspired by artificial recharge increase，the effective storage rates fall.

In order to reveal the water-rock interaction process of high arsenic groundwater formation and transportation in the western of Jilin Province, field investigation, samples collection and data analysis had been finished. We used the experimental data to analyze the groundwater chemical features and high arsenic groundwater distribution in horizontal and vertical direction. By application to the PHREEQC, inverse modeling of the high arsenic groundwater was carried out. Based on the simulation, the minerals dissolution or resolution of arsenic, iron and manganese were calculated under different flow paths. The result shows that the deliquescent quantities into groundwater of both paths between different samples of scorodite mineral rich in arsenic are 2.44×10^-6, 8.03×10^-7, 7.98×10^-6 and 4.14×10^-7 mmol/L. The minerals rich in iron or manganese such as goethite, hematite, pyrolusite and bixbyite had been dissolved into groundwater, while the sulfate and carbon dioxide dissolved out, which revealed that arsenic is related to them and enriched in the alkaline and reduction environment.

The stress-strain relation and shear strength characteristics of loess, which is taken from west area of Liaoning, are tested by trixial compression instrument in laboratory. The influence of water content to constitutive relation and shear strength of loess is tested and analyzed by means of remodeled samples with a series of different water content. The results show that (a) the stress-strain relation is softening type under unconsolidated-undrained condition, which exhibits a way of brittle failure. It is changed from strain-softening into strain-hardening with increasing of water content in consolidated-undrained shearing condition. And in the condition of drained shearing test, the stress-strain relation is strain-softening in a low water content, it will be strain-hardening and slightly strain-hardening with increase of water content. (b) The shearing strength of samples will obviously decrease after saturated, namely, c_UU  is between 13.7 kPa and 363.3 kPa and φ_UU is between 18.6° and 40.2°, but c_CU can be changed from 0.2 kPa to 29.6 kPa, and φ_CU is from 4° to 23.4°. And (c) there is a nonlinear decreasing relationship of shear strength indexes to water content. The cohesion and the internal frictional angle are changed in a semi-logarithm and a power function with water content, respectively. Consequently, a mathematical model to describe the constitutive relation of loess and a method to determine the index of shearing strength is suggested.

The stability of lining structure is influenced by over-excavation and under-excavation of the surrounding rock of tunnel. It has great significance for understanding the surrounding rock stress and ensuring construction safety to  research the law of over-excavation and under-excavation of the surrounding rock of tunnel. Based on the multi-resolution analysis of wavelet analysis and the statistical self-similarity on over-excavation and under-excavation of the surrounding rock of tunnel section profile, the fractal dimensions of 47 tunnel sections profile have been calculated by the wavelet analysis. There is a linear relationship between fractal dimension an RMR and Q rock mass classification. With the increase of RMR and lnQ values, the fractal dimension of tunnel section profile is decreased. Multiple correlations among fractal dimension of section profile, surrounding rock quality of tunnel, the over-excavation and under-excavation percentage are researched. A foundation to evaluate the stability of tunnel surrounding rock mass was established.

To study the delta deposit soft soil’s dynamic characteristics of Liaohe, procedures of the dynamic triaxial tests under the consolidation pressure of 100 kPa，200 kPa，300 kPa with the fixed seismic frequency of 0.1 Hz is carried out. Relationship between the dynamic strain ε_d, the dynamic intensity σ_d, the load cycle-index and the dynamic shear strain rd under the different consolidation pressure is analyzed. The results of tests show that under the conditions of fixed seismic frequency and  identical consolidation ratio K, the dynamic intensity σ_d and load cycleindex have favorable linearity in the odd logarithm coordinate system. The dynamic shear modulus G_d increases  with the dynamic shear strain r_d increment,and the damping ratio D diminishes with the dynamic shear strain r_d increment. The correlations of  G_d and  r_d, D and r_d have characteristics of segmentation in the rectangular coordinates, and the value of strain presents more inflexions between 4.0% and 5.4%. Dynamic strain indexing of soft soil is significantly lower than other types of soft soil. And the relations of damping ratio and the shearing strain is different from other types of soft soils, which have two inflection points，this kind of soft soil only existes one inflection point in r_d=2×10^-3.

The seismic pile-soil-bridge structure interaction analysis in liquefying ground is a critical problem for seismic design of pile-supported bridge. However, there is no rational numerical model and simplified analysis method to deal with this problem. A numerical model and a simplified method were developed based on Penzien model according to vibrating table test to simulate seismic pile-soil-bridge structure interaction.The simplified method was verified by the computed results for further study.The parameters in simplified method was recommended, which particularly considered the effect of pore pressure on the bearing capacity of sand.The parameter analysis about pile diameters, the initial modulus ratios between pile and soil, the internal angle of sand and the mass of superstructure, was conducted to study the effect on seismic pile-soil interaction. Under the condition of liquefying ground, the recorded and computed results showed that the peak acceleration and the peak displacement of pile decreased and the peak moment on the pile increased as pile diameters and initial modulus ratios increased; the peak acceleration, the peak moment and the peak stress of pile increased when the internal friction angle of sand increased; the peak displacement and the peak moment of pile increased with the increasing mass of superstructure.

Based on the investigation of some concrete pavement frozen damage in situ and laboratory experiments, the frozen damage mechanism and the influence factors are studied. The central region of Jilin Province has been identified as a prone areas of frost heaving, and the intensity of frost swell is related to dry unit weight and to be the maximum when the dry unit weight is about 18 kN/m³. The frost swell will decrease because the greater load of the high filled subgrade is provided. The frost depth expressions based on the index of congelation or the accumulates value of temperature respectively can be selected to determine the depth of freeze as an empirical formula.

Based on the objective of safe construction and reasonable operation，the study of three structural aspects：surrounding rock classification，analysis on the stress and displacement，surrounding rock monitor is performed with much attentions to the objects of highway tunnel by achieving the design ideas of rapid，systematic，concise，and user-friendly operations. By utilizing the development tools of Visual Basic，“Macro” command in Office and database platform of Access，the surrounding rock stability appraisal software for highway tunnel is developed with the calculation，monitoring，editing，finite element analysis and other functions，which controls the output of graphics by Mschart control and AutoCad interface. By using of this software in doublearch tunnel in Yumujiang gully，the surrounding rock of right tunnel at K46 +014 is given to be the grade IV，potential damage areas are given to be located in the top and bottom of the tunnel，the final displacement of surrounding rock is given to be 12.055 mm，and the convergence displacement-rate regression curve with time-varying is given.

The flow velocity fields of YSC178A liquid-jet hammer with internal flow-dividing mechanism was investigated by means of CFD dynamic analysis. The influence of the flow-dividing holes in different shapes and sizes was analyzed. It is found that there exists the phenomenon of flow-dividing jet attached to the wall near the exit of cylindrical hole in a certain diameter. And there was a relatively good one-to-one correspondence relationship between the character of flow-dividing jet and the shapes as well as sizes of the erosion pits. This indicates that the eroded pits were caused by jet attachment as the liquid flowed out from flow-dividing hole in a great diameter,and the horn-like holes are superior to cylindrical flow-dividing holes. When the flow-diving dole is long enough and its diameter is very large, the degree of jet attachment at the exit of the proper horn-like hole decreases sharply, and even disappears, which reduces sharply the energy of high-speed jet and weakenes the erosion in the outer walls of the bottom and top plates of the fluidic element to avoid significant erosion pits.

In order to study the tube effect on defoaming capacity for foaming breaking device, the authors carried out laboratory tests at three different lengths (1 m, 2 m and 8 m). The results show that the length of the tube can affect on defoaming rate; as the tube length decreases, the foam stability and the defoaming rate increase. When the tube length is 1 m and its diameter is 20 cm, the defoaming rate is highest, reaching about 73%. In addition, the gas-liquid ratio (α) also affect on the defoaming rate. When α is 100-200, the defoaming rate was highest. Meanwhile, FLUENT software was used to simulate pressure distribution and foam velocity inside the tube. The simulation results indicate that the foam velocity is independent with the length and diameter of the tube. But the foam pressure is more stable with the decreasing of the tube length, which is beneficial to improve defoaming effect. The VOF model simulation results is in a good agreement with the previous experimental results.

To guarantee the accuracy of results of source apportionment, the database of atmospheric particulate matter source profiles was established on the basis of inorganic chemical component analysises of major emission sources by XRF, such as from the road dust, fugitive dust, construction dust, soil dust and coal-fired boiler dust respectively of typical cities in Jilin Province. The results show that, though the concentration of elements of source profiles was different, the main elements were the main elements of the earch crust. The concentration of SiO2 was the highest in soil dust, while the smallest was in road dust. The concentration of Ca in construction dust was considerable than in the other sources. According to the enrichment factors analysis, the enrichment of Pb in road dust was highly contributed by anthropogenic sources, which was exhausted by vehicle emission. The enrichment of elements such as Pb, Zn and As in fugitive dust was higher,which indicated that fugitive dust had an obvious character of road dust and coal-fired boiler dust. Higher enriched of Ca in construction dust, and soil dust was affected mainly by natural sources. The enrichment factor(EF) values of As in coal-fired boiler dust was larger than 60,which showed it was highly influenced by human beings.

In an attempt to enhance the effectiveness of air sparging, series experiments were designed to investigate the influencing factor of surfactant-enhance air sparging（SEAS） in order to conform the surfactant selection method. The results show that foamability and foam stability are decisive factors of air saturation in SEAS when the mode of injected air is bubbles, nevertheless, the value of capillary pressure caused by surface tension is the decisive factor of air saturation in SEAS when the mode of injected air is channels. By comparing the adsorption of Tween-80,TritonX-100,SDS and SDBS in medium, it found that TritonX-100 suits for medium sand and SDBS suits for gravel.

In recent years, there is a trend of low C/N ratio in municipal domestic wastewater, which   results in serious problems of denitrification of wastewater. This paper presents the experimental study on ABR & Biocontact Oxidation Process to treat low C/N ratio domestic wastewater, determines the experimental operating parameters, and the result shows that in the range from 2 to 7 of the COD/N ratio of influent, when HRT=10 h, R=2.5, T=30 ℃, the removal rate of TN shows the satisfactory performance. The average denitrification rate decreases rapidly as the COD/N ratio of influent reduce, which is due to the lack of carbon source. Under the satisfactory operating conditions, when the COD/N ratio of influent is 6-7, the average denitrification rate reaches more than 80%, and the concentration of TN in effluent is lower than 15 mg/L, which meets the first A standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Based on the cosine transform method, and using the method of upward continuation and computed base depth of the basin using the inverse technique of even (density) and single interface, the authors had processed the Hulin basin Bouguer gravity anomalies and inversed the base depth. At the same time, by analyzing integrated interpretation results of gravity and magnetotelluric sounding profile in Hulin basin and neighbouring geologic information in Russia, We studied differences of underlying structure between south and north of the basin reflected by geology and geophysics, and redistricted its structural units. It is shown that the south fracture of Dunmi fault, which was composed of two faults, is vertical and strike-slip fault, it controls strike-slip movement of its bilateral fault block and the formation and evolution of the basin. If let Dunmi south fault as dividing line, the Hulin basin can be divided into two basins, i.e. south basin and north basin, and their geology and geophysics properties are totally different. The north basin is part of large Sanjiang basin, whereas the south basin is an independent basin system.

Tailings pond is one of the major hazard installations in safety production and the detection of mined-out areas is the key to investigate and control potential safety hazard to tailings pond. In order to verify the effectiveness of detection, explore the anomalous characteristics and obtain its interpretation with transient electromagnetic method（TEM）. Firstly, three known tunnels, which depth is from 11 m to 106 m, and a tunnel are simulated on the spot and achieve all the anomaly response of high resistance correspondingly. Secondly, the 10 probe profiles of total 2 975 m length on ground of the tailings pond were laid depend on the simulation results  and obtained a similar result of high resistance anomalies. Finally, the profiles No.Ⅰand No.Ⅱ were taken as examples after the data processing, and the anomaly results were explained. According to the report of mineral exploration and the mining design, the results of interpreting agreed with location of ore occurrence and mining technology. The results show that TEM be applied to find hidden dangers of the tailings pond and detect mined-out area is economic, fast and effective, and this method even has an obvious response for the “semi-blind” area of less than 20 m depth if the collapse of the consequences will be serious.

It often occurs that drilling according to IP anomaly missed the target. The reason is that in the actual survey, terrain changed the underground electric field,therefor changed and shifted the amplitude of IP anomaly.In order to overcome this problem, three-dimensional tetrahedral finite element numerical method is employed. We prudently selected and simulated a typical geological model.The results show that: ①Undulating terrain does not produce a fake IP anomaly, only has an impact on the distribution pattern and the amplitude of IP anomaly;②The tetrahedral finite element method is feasible and effective for the IP simulation under a complicated terrain condition.

We present a method for automatic events extraction based on fourth-order cumulant in the case of that events can’t be identified under the condition of powerful stochastic noise in seismic exploration. This method makes use of fourthorder cumulant to estimate the time delay, and to avoid correlative Gaussian noise. And in the selection of reference trace, the principle of setting multiple reference trace in certain interval reduced the cumulate error of events extraction. The theoretical model computation result shows that this method has more powerful ability to restrain the correlative Gaussian noise than cross-correlation method, the signal-to-noise ratio reaches -5 dB. In the implementation of real data, the parameters related to events such as events position and formation dip had extracted. The parameter provides a basis for attribute analysis and quantitative interpretation of this seismic data.

In order to accurately calculate the cation exchange capacity Q_v of shaly sand reservoirs, a Q_v calculating method using NMR logging data was presented, a correlation model between Q_v and synthesized index was established by analyzing 56 core samples with porosity, permeability and CEC, considering the problem that it was difficult to accurately calculate synthesized index, the novel method was presented to calculate Swanson parameter from NMR T₂ geometric mean value and to obtain the synthesize index from Swanson parameter. At the same time the data of four wells at the southern margin of Junggar Basin were processed using Q_v calculated by three different methods of NMR logging, natural gamma ray logging and spontaneous potential logging, and comparative analysis was carried out. It is showed that Q_v can be simply and efficiently calculated by these three methods in thick layers of shaly sand, compared with the core analysis results, the relative error based on NMR logging, natural gamma ray logging and spontaneous potential logging respectively is 13%, 19% and 22%; in thin alternating layers of shale and sandstone, Q_v calculated using NMR logging is more reliable than that calculated by the other two methods, and better reflects the true situation of formations.

According to the problem of array laterolog inversion being affected by the given initial value, a new algorithm based on improved difference evolution inversion is proposed. The inversion of array laterolog response is transformed into an unconstrained nonlinear global optimization problem. Compared with improved differential evolution algorithm and differential evolution algorithm in 30 times randomly calculation, the results show that the searching optimization success rate of the improved algorithm reach to 93.3%, while the average evolutional generation decrease to 1/8 of the original, and the optimum fitness is also only half of the difference evolution inversion method. The inversion results for array laterolog model show that the improved difference evolution algorithm can meet the needs of electric logging inversion. This method is more independent of the initial value than the traditional optimal algorithm.

Airborne laser scan technique is able to acquire the three dimensional geographic information of areas and objects on the ground quickly with the form of point clouds. Based on LiDAR data and topographic information of objects, the model of building can be determined. We classify the point clouds into terrain and off-terrain points based on region segment polynomial approximation and the least squares adjustment, and then extract edge of building with the method of RANSAC and topographic knowledge. The experiment result shows that this method can delete noisy points and preserve feature points efficiently which the total error rate is less than 3%.

In order to improve the algorithmic theory and make the hierarchical cluster analysis be able to find nonlinear clusters in a data set, the authors develop a kernel-based hierarchical cluster analysis method by integrating kernel functions with the hierarchical cluster analysis algorithm. The procedure of the new cluster algorithm can be described as follows. The input samples in the low-dimensional input space are nonlinearly mapped to a high-dimensional image space where the samples are linearly separable, and then a kernel function is applied to implicitly execute the hierarchical cluster analysis in the image space. The authors conduct an experiment on the unsupervised classification of eight geochemical anomalies according to the contents of Pb, Bi, and Mo. The eight geochemical anomalies are obviously divided into the three clusters, (1, 3, 8), (2, 4), and (5, 6, 7), according to the three pair-wised scatter plots derived from the contents of Pb, Bi, and Mo. Kernel hierarchical cluster analysis is able to properly differentiate these three clusters while the conventional hierarchical cluster analysis improperly classifies the eight geochemical anomalies into the two classes, (1, 3, 8, 6) and (2, 4, 5,7). Therefore, the clustering ability of the new method exceeds that of the conventional hierarchical cluster algorithm.

As an important and new dating method, cyclostratigraphy is extensively used on analyzing data of deep sea core and terrestrial well logs. According to the procedure of data processing during cyclostratigraphic analysis, we write a program to recognize Milankovitch cycles in sediments by combining Matlab functions such as filter, interp1, mean, detrend, variance and pwelch. When used to estimate the power spectra of time series, a better estimation result could be gotten if the parameter settings satisfy certain conditions. These conditions are parameter window should be about equal to the wavelength of the lowest frequency signal among useful signals, parameter noverlap  be equal to 50% of the window length and parameter nfft be equal to the smallest power of two and must be great than the whole length of time series. The program can not be used to estimate the background red noise spectra as well as to estimate the confidence level of spectra peaks should be the shortcomings of the program.