The filling history and accumulation process of oil and gas reservoirs were studied by using the data of oil and gas geochemistry, fluid inclusions,and tectonic evolution. There are three periods of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Shuntuoguole area of the Tarim basin, which were in the Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, and Himalayan. There are differences in the main reservoir forming periods between the different fault zones. The main hydrocarbon accumulation period in No.7 and No.5 fault zones in the west was in the Late Hercynian. In the Eastern Shunbei No.1 fault zone, not only the Late Hercynian hydrocarbon accumulation, but also Himalayan hydrocarbon filling occurred. The reasons for the change of physical properties of oil and gas are multi-stage oil and gas filling and Ordovician paleotectonic evolution. The oil and gas filling periods of the fault zone are controlled by the paleostructure. In the Late Caledonian period, the strike slip fault zone of the study area was located in the favorable area for charging of the oil and gas generated by the source rocks of Manjar depression in the eastern basin; in the Late Hercynian period, the charging opportunity with oil & gas from the Manjiaer depression in the west of the fault No.11 was low; In the Himalayan period, only the Shunbei fault No. 1 structural belt and its east obtained high-mature oil and gas filling.

In order to reveal the characteristics of micro pore structure and distribution of remaining oil in water drive low permeability carbonate reservoir, by taking a certain porous carbonate reservoir in the Middle East as an example, based on the reservoir physical property test, constant velocity mercury injection pore throat parameter statistics, CT scanning pore parameter analysis, and the micro distribution of water drive fluid, etc., the development of the micro pore and throat in porous carbonate reservoirs was studied. On this basis, the research results of the porous carbonate and sandstone reservoirs were compared, and the differences of the pore structure and remaining oil distribution between these two types of reservoirs were further clarified. The results show that compared with the low permeability sandstone reservoir, the low permeability carbonate reservoir presents the characteristics of "large pores but small quantities" and "large number and all types of throats". The characteristic model of pore throat development of porous carbonate reservoirs is established. In view of the particularity of the micro pore structures, the remaining oil in the large pores of the low permeability carbonate reservoir is worthy of further study, as well as the way to tap the remaining oil potential.

In the context of low-permeability reservoirs in the Huagang Formation in the Xihu depression, high quality reservoirs are often associated with the enrichment of chlorite. There are three different types of chlorites: Clay coating chlorite, pore-lining chlorite, and pore-filling chlorite. The clay coating chlorites with complex composition were formed in the syn-sedimentary stage through flocculation and adsorption of Fe and Mg. The pore-lining chlorites are the most common type:Among them,type I pore-lining chlorites were formed by recrystallization of clay coating chlorites during early compaction period, and the monocrystals are subhedral platelets with low Fe and Mg content and disorderly arrangement; Type Ⅱ pore-lining chlorites were formed by crystallization of pore fluid on clean grain surface, and the monocrystals are euhedral hexagonal platelets with higher Fe and Mg content and mainly arranged orderly on the surface of vertical particles. The pore-filling chlorites are in dispersive flake, booklet, and pompon aggregation, which are closely related to dissolution with the highest euhedral crystals and highest Fe and Mg content. The clay coating chlorites have little effect on reservoir physical properties, but can help the formation of pore-lining chlorites; The pore-lining chlorites are difficult to alleviate compaction, but can inhibit pressure solution and early quartz overgrowth to a certain extent. Type I-pore-lining chlorites are characterized by good continuity, disorderly arrangement, poor crystallization, and complex intergranular pores, and have obvious inhibition on quartz cementation, but type Ⅱ-pore-lining chlorites have limited inhibition on quartz cementation; The pore-filling chlorites only fill larger primary intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores, which have little effect on permeability and only reduce porosity to a certain extent. The physical properties of reservoirs are mainly controlled by the original sedimentary structure of reservoir sandstone and the transformation process of corresponding compaction and dissolution strength; And the chlorite enrichment plays an indicative role in high-quality reservoirs.

In this study,the major elements,trace elements, and rare earth elements of carbonate rocks from the Carboniferous Baishan Formation were analyzed, and the paleo-environment and paleo-climate of the Shibanquanxi of Yingen-Ejin Banner basin were discussed. The results of geochemical tests showed that the rock has low contents of typical continental elements,such as Al、Ti、Zr and Th,except for sample CH3; Combine with the ratio of Y/Ho(45.58), terrestrial input in the study area is limited. Additionally,there is no strong correlation between δCe and δEu, w(ΣREE), and (La/Sm)_N, and there is no positive Eu anomaly, indicating that the diagenesis and hydrothermal process had little impact on the sediments. The trace elements contained in the carbonate rocks are mainly self-generated by seawater, which can reflect the original sedimentary environment. The study of paleo-water depth,paleo-saltitude,paleo-climate,paleo-oxygen phase, and paleo-water temperature show that although the lithology of the carbonate section of the Baishan Formation is relatively simple,its geochemical characteristics can reflect the difference of sedimentary environment. The carbonate rocks of the Baishan Formation went through a huge transgression and regression cycle,and deposited in normal seawaterwith humid climate and weak oxidation-weak reduction environment. The paleo-water temperature was 8.51-27.10 ℃. The water temperature was low in the early stage,and increased in the late stage.

Based on the relative size distribution of the ancient activity rate in the different parts of the oil source fault during the hydrocarbon accumulation period, its dominant channel for transporting oil and gas was determined. Based on the fracture activity rate, the ancient dip angle, the paleo-burial depth of the target layer, and the paleo-remaining stratum pressure of the dominant transport channel, the comprehensive evaluation method of the oil and gas capacity of the oil source fault dominant channel during the hydrocarbon accumulation period was established, and applied to the comprehensive evaluation of the oil and gas capacity of the dominant channel in the middle and lower sub-members of the third member from Shahejie Formation in Daliuquan area of Langgu depressions in Bohai Bay basin. The results show that ten dominant channels developed during the sedimentary period of the six branch faults of the oil-bearing faults of the Jiuzhou oil source. The oil and gas transport capacity is relatively strong in the six dominant channels of F₁ and F₂ faults. Four dominant channels developed in F₃, F₄, F₅ and F₆ fractures developed, and their oil and gas transport capacity is relatively weak and not conducive to oil and gas migration. This evaluation result is consistent with the current status of oil and gas distribution in the middle and lower sub-members of the third member from Shahejie Formation in the vicinity of the Jiuzhou fault. This indicates that the method is feasible for comprehensive evaluation of oil and gas transport capacity of the dominant channel during the accumulation period of the oil source faults.

The Xiajiadian gold deposit, located in the South Qinling orogenic belt, is a large-scale gold deposit controlled by structure and strata. The ore is divided into three types: Breccia type, cataclastic type,and quartz vein type. The host rocks are mainly carbonaceous argillaceous slate, carbonaceous siliceous slate, siliceous rock and dolomite of the Cambrian Shuigoukou Formation, followed by breccia of the Devonian Xichahe Formation. In this paper, the content of trace elements and platinum group elements (PGE) of ores (brecciated carbonaceous siliceous slate, cataclastic silicified dolomite, cataclastic carbonaceous argillaceous slate,and quartz vein mineralized siliceous rock) and surrounding rocks (siliceous rock, silicified dolomite, and siliceous slate) in Xiajiadian gold deposit are determined, and then the source of ore-forming materials and the genesis of the deposit are discussed. The results show that: 1) Different types of ores and their surrounding rocks are highly similar, and they are rich in Sr, Ga, Zr and other elements; 2) The total amount of rare earth elements (REE) in different types of ores is higher than that in various types of surrounding rocks, but they have similar REE distribution patterns with light rare earth enrichment, heavy rare earth depletion, and negative δEu anomaly (0.51-0.63); 3) The total amount of PGE in different types of ores (7.71×10^-9-38.30×10^-9, average 23.00×10^-9) is significantly higher than that in various types of surrounding rocks (1.28×10^-9-2.44×10^-9, average 1.86×10^-9). Compared with the upper crust, the ores are obviously rich in Os, Ir, Pt, and Pd, and depleted of Ru and Rh; The surrounding rocks are rich in Os and depleted in Pt, Ru, Rh, and Pd, but PGE distribution curves of the two are highly similar, showing the V-type Ru deficiency, which is the (Os)-Pt-Pd type distribution model of the crust. The above characteristics indicate that different types of ores and surrounding rocks have obvious trace, REE and PGE geochemical inheritance, suggesting that the Lower Cambrian strata in Xiajiadian may be one of the important ore source strata. The Au/Ir ratio (4 821-299 666 and 406-8 050, respectively) and Pd/Ir ratio (16.9-588.0 and 15.2-47.5, respectively) of all ores and surrounding rocks vary widely, the Au/Ir ratios of both ores and surrounding rocks are much higher than those of carbonaceous chondrites and primitive mantle, the Pd/Ir ratios are much higher than those of magmatic ores, and the PGE distribution curves of ores and surrounding rocks of Xiajiadian gold deposit are consistent with those of the typical hydrothermal deposits, which show that Xiajiadian gold deposit has obvious hydrothermal genesis and is the product of tectonic hydrothermal fluid mineralization.

The pitchblende/uraninite of different types of uranium deposits has different composition of rare earth elements, which can be used as an important index to distinguish the types of uranium deposits. Using the Python language-based classification model combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machines (SVM), the data of 216 groups of pitchblende/uraninite rare earth elements collected from six known uranium deposits worldwide were studied. With the 216 groups of data as the training set, the SVM classification model was constructed through data cleaning, feature scaling, PCA feature extraction, grid search and cross-validation for parameter optimization, and 24 groups of syn-metamorphic Hujiayu uraninite were intelligently identified. The test accuracy of the 14-dimensional training set optimal model to determine the type of Hujiayu uraninite using only rare earth elements is 0.4%,and the test accuracy of the optimal model of the 17-dimensional training set composed of rare earth elements, total rare earth elements, ratio of light and heavy rare earth elements,and europium anomalies is 75.0%, an improvement of 74.6% over the 14-dimensional training set. The model has a strong generalization ability. But through traditional rare earth element distribution curve and the w(ΣREE)-(LREE/HREE)_N diagram, the type of Hujiayu uraninite cannot be determined effectively. This study shows that the PCA-SVM algorithm can effectively determine the genetic type of uranium oxides by mining the data set with the addition of traditional rare earth discriminating indicators, and the effect is significantly better than the pure rare earth element data set and the traditional rare earth distribution curve, w(ΣREE)-(LREE/HREE)_N diagram.

This paper reports the studies of petrography, zircon U-Pb dating,geochemistry and zircon Lu-Hf isotopic data of the Middle Triassic Fengqipu pluton and Kaolinggou pluton in Faku area in north Liaoning, Northern margin of Eastern North China craton. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that the mean weighted ages of Middle Triassic Fengqipu pluton and Kaolinggou pluton are (241±1) Ma and (243±1) Ma, respectively. The contents of Ba and Sr of Fengqipu pluton are from 290.00×10^-6 to 484.00×10^-6 and from 129.00×10^-6 to 338.00×10^-6, respectively, and the ratios of Sr/Y and Sr/Yb are from 13.27 to 28.17 and from 117.50 to 250.28,respectively. Similar to the geochemistry of high Ba-Sr granites, the samples of Kaolinggou pluton have high Ba and Sr contents, high ratios of Sr/Y and Sr/Yb, and low Rb, Y, and Yb contents. Furthermore, the samples of Fengqipu pluton are enriched in Rb, K(LILE) and depleted in Nb, P, Ti(HFSE) and Ba(LILE), while the samples of Kaolinggou pluton are enriched in Ba, K, Sr(LILE) and depleted in Nb, P, Ti(HFSE). All the sample’s ratios of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf range from 4.18 to 10.26, from 30.39 to 38.76, respectively, and the samples have low Ni, Co and Cr contents. Geochemecially, the source of Middle Triassic grantic rocks in Faku area was from crust. During the Middle-Late Trassic, Northern margin of Eastern North China craton was under the thickened crustal tectonic setting related to the sustainable orogeny. The Middle Triassic granitic rocks have postive ε_Hf(t) values and 949-555 Ma of two stage model ages, indicating that the magma source of Middle Triassic granitic rocks should be partial melting products of the thickened new-proterozoic lower crust.

The Indosinian period in South China experienced intense tectonic movement and magmatic activity, and the tectonic background of the Indosinian granite has always been a hot topic in earth science. A detailed study was conducted on the chronology, geochemical characteristics and genesis of zircon of the biotite monzogranite of Napeng in Yunkai area, Guangxi. The results show that the weighted average age of zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon is (257.8 ±1.2) Ma, and the chemical analyses show that the Late Permian granitoids are classified as alkali-calcic rocks, which are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREEs), large ion lithophile elements (LILEs), depletion of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and high field strength elements (HFSEs), and Ba, Sr, and obvious negative europium anomaly(δEu=0.41-0.66). All the geochemical characteristics suggest that the Napeng granitoid pluton experienced highly differentiated evolution. Through analyses, the material source of granite may come from the partial melting of the mixed sand-muddy source rocks in the ancient crust, and the tectonic environment may be formed in the post-mountain stage of the plate collision junction environment.

The granite body in Dishantou area belongs to the North Kunlun magmatic arc belt of the East Kunlun arc basin. It is located in the middle part of the East Kunlun orogenic belt in the Berkarik Xiangride metallogenic sub belt of the East Kunlun metallogenic belt. The main rock types are quartz diorite, syenogranite and monzogranite. To strengthen the study on the petro-geochemistry and diagenesis and metallogenic background of the granitic bodies in this area, the analysis on the major elements, trace elements, and mineral elements of the granitic bodies has been carried out. The quartz diorite has the characteristics of medium silicon (57.64% and 58.47%) and rich sodium (Na₂O/K₂O is 2.57) in the composition of the main elements. The syenogranite is characterized by high silicon (75.45%-75.99%) and rich potassium (Na₂O/K₂O is 0.74-0.94). The monzogranite is characterized by high silicon (66.80%-73.45%) and rich sodium (Na₂O/K₂O is 1.50-2.13). A/CNK of the granitic body is less than 1, indicating that it is aluminous magmatic rock. The alkali saturation index (NK/A) ranges from 0.26 to 0.69, belonging to calc-alkaline type. The light rare earth elements are relatively enriched in heavy rare earth elements (characteristics of magmatic differentiation), large ion lithophile elements (LILE) of Rb, K, Ba, Th, Sr and Nd, only syenogranite is depleted in Sr; Meanwhile, high field strength elements (HFSE) are rich in Zr, Hf and Ce, but Nb, P, and Ti are depleted apparently, indicating the source materials of crust-mantle mixing, formed under an extrusion stress environment with collision type I granite. In 11 kinds of elements analysis of data obtained from the rock mass, compared with the average element abundances of Qinghai Province, the East Kunlun metallogenic belt and its sub metallogenic belt, the granite types with different lithology and different ages are preliminarily divided, and the enriched ore-bearing elements are Au, Zn, Y, Pb, etc. Compared with the regional metallogenic facts and the genesis of I-type granites, the study area has a good prospecting potential.

The identification of minerals under the reflective polarizing microscope is the most commonly used, quickest, and effective method. However, the identification results are easily affected by personal subjective factors and conditions of the polished section. If we know the elements in the polished section in advance and relative content, we can conjecture the minerals based on geochemical methods and experiences, and the composition data combined with microscope observation can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of polished section identification. XRF semi-quantitative analysis technology has the characteristics of fast, non-destructive and simple in sample preparation. In the process of semi-quantitative analysis of the polished section, wedging and shadow effects can be avoided; although the gangue minerals such as silicate minerals cannot be avoided, and there may be even some other influencing factors such as chemical bond drift, the identification of gangue minerals is not very important. Using the results of XRF semi-quantitative analysis to conjecture the minerals, and then identify the minerals under a microscope, the efficiency and accuracy of polished section identification can be improved significantly. In order to illustrate the specific application of XRF semi-quantitative analysis technology in identification of polished section, several examples of polished section identification of polymetallic sulfide ores and uranium-containing polymetallic ores are listed.

As a special water-sensitive soil, dispersive soil has the characteristics of collapse and disintegration when encountering water, which isnot conducive to water conservancy projects and geotechnical engineering. In order to enhance the research on the mechanical strength as well as the influential mechanism of dispersive soil, in this paper, the dispersive soil in Qian’an area in the west of Jilin Province was taken as the research object,and the remolded soil samples with different water contents (5.0%-24.0%) were tested and observed respectively by direct shear test (under vertical pressures including 50, 100, 200 and 300 kPa) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results show that:1) The increase of water content led to the transformation of shear stress-shear displacement curve from strain-softening to strain-hardening, the corresponding water content in the transition zone was between 8.0% and 11.0%, and the strain-hardening occurred preferentially under higher vertical pressures. 2) With the increase of water content, the cohesion decreased as a whole with the inflection points at 17.0% and 23.0% of water content, while the internal friction angle showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing pattern, with the inflection points at 11.0% and 17.0% of water content; It is considered that the cohesion change is affected by both salt phase state and water content, while the change of internal friction angle is affected by cohesion and viscous resistance. 3) Affected by Na⁺, with the increase of water content, the clay bound water film thickened rapidly, the structural units disintegrated gradually, the cementation of some particles weakened gradually, the structural units evolved from large particles into smaller ones, and the size of pores reduced. 4) A good correlation exists between the soil shear strength and main morphological parameters of the soil microstructure units obtained from the quantitative analyses on the SEM images (p<0.05), indicating that the decrease of shear strength is the macroscopic manifestation of the changes in the soil microstructure units induced by water content due to soil dispersity.

The degree of saline soil in Qian’an area, western Jilin Province increases gradually with the change of climate. Especially in the rainy season in July and August, the local engineering buildings are easily damaged due to the long-term impact of rain erosion and river erosion. In order to prevent from this damage, a new type of hydrophobic material (CN) was used to treat saline soil, and the effect of CN on the mechanical strength of saline soil under different treatment conditions was studied, and the unconfined compressive strength of soaked soil and CN soil was compared. The results show that: 1) Under different water content, the unconfined compressive strength of CN soil has been greatly improved, and the maximum rate of increase is 98.90% at 14.86% moisture content. With the increase of water content, the stress-strain curves of plain soil and CN soil change from hardening type to softening type, and the threshold value is near the optimal water content. 2) With the increase of compactness, the unconfined compressive strength of saline soil improved by CN increased gradually, and the maximum improvement rate of 130.77% was achieved under the condition of 90% compactness. After CN treatment, the original plastic hardening type of plain soil is transformed into brittle softening type. 3) The increase of salt content can inhibit the unconfined compressive strength of CN soil, the maximum unconfined compressive strength of CN soil is 1.33 MPa at 0.3% salt content. Excessive salt crystallization will destroy the nanostructured hydrophobic membrane formed by CN, which makes the compressive strength of CN soil lower than that of plain soil under the condition of high salt content. 4) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) test was used to explore the micro mechanism of CN soil. After CN treatment, the soil particles agglomerate into large particles, the surface of particles is smooth, and the pore development is reduced. The analysis of structural units and pore units proves that the soil is connected more closely after treatment, thereby improving the compressive strength.

To improve the transformation efficiency of oil shale in-situ exploration and reduce the pollution of pyrolysis products, a method of sealing production areas,namely grouting technology, is introduced. Taking the geological conditions of Fuyu oil shale as an example, the optimum formulation of grout and its sealing effect in oil shale production area are determined. Based on the orthogonal test, the viscosity of grout is set as the main evaluation index, and the optimized formula of grout is water cement ratio of 0.85, sodium bentonite of 4.0%, silica powder of 6.0%, and poly-carboxylic acid super-plasticizer of 0.5%. In order to verify the sealing effect of the optimized grout, the permeability changes of the oil shale samples filled or not filled with the grout were compared and analyzed. When the confining pressure is equal to the in-situ stress of Fuyu oil shale, the permeability of all filling grouts samples is all about 0.1×10^-3 μm², which is much lower than that of the samples without the grout, indicating that the optimized grout can seal the fractures successfully.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient rock-breaking energy, low rate of penetration, and consumption of large number of bits when using a conventional screw drill in difficult-to-drill formations with strong abrasiveness and poor drilling ability, the concept of rotary-percussive drilling and the function of axial mechanical impact were introduced. Based on screw drill integrating bypass valve assembly, power assembly, transmission assembly, and impact assembly, the ZYXC-244 mechanical rotary-percussive tool was developed, and the function of fall prevention was also innovatively designed for the purpose of improving its reliability. Through analyzing the calculation model of the main performance parameters, the characteristic curve of the main performance parameters was obtained. Finally, the ZYXC-244 mechanical rotary-percussive tool based on screw drill was successively applied to Well Z203H1-3 and Well D4011-2 of Xujiahe Formation. When the drilling depth of the new type screw drill was 685.00 m and 72.53 m, the rate of penetration was improved by 38.2% and 31.5%, respectively, and two trips and two bits were saved, compared to those of the conventional screw drill. Through this research, an effective technical tool is provided for difficult-to-drill formations.

In order to explore the applicability of CMADS precipitation data in the hydrological simulation of reservoir-controlled watersheds in the temperate East Asian monsoon climate zone, the SWAT model was selected as the simulation tool, the CMADS precipitation data and the hydrological yearbook measured precipitation data were used as the model input, and the measured runoff was used to calibrate and verify the parameters of the model. The hydrological runoff was simulated with and without reservoir control in the Chaobai River basin, and the CMADS precipitation data was used as the model input for the hydrological runoff simulation in the Dongyang River basin with reservoir control. The result showed that in the Chaobai River over the period of calibration, the coefficients of determination of the two models were 0.64 and 0.83 with the Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.64 and 0.83, respectively; At the verification stage, the coefficients of determination were 0.61 and 0.83, with the Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.58 and 0.60, respectively. The CMADS precipitation data has applicability in the scenarios without reservoir control in the temperate East Asian monsoon climate zone. In the reservoir-controlled Bai River system, the coefficients of determination of the model under the support of the CMADS precipitation data and the measured precipitation data were 0.89 and 0.87, with the Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.87 and 0.86, respectively; at the verification stage, the coefficients of determination were 0.61 and 0.67, with the Nash-Sutcliffe of 0.61 and 0.65, respectively. The coefficient of determination of the control basin model rate of the Dongyang River reservoir supported by CMADS precipitation data was 0.84, and the Nash-Sutcliffe was 0.78; While the coefficient of determination at the verification stage was 0.87, and the Nash-Sutcliffe was 0.78. It shows that the CMADS precipitation data has good applicability in hydrological simulations of watershed scenarios with and without reservoir control. Therefore, the CMADS precipitation data can be used to establish a hydrological model of the reservoir controlled watershed in the temperate East Asian monsoon climate zone.

In view of the serious problem of groundwater overdraft in North China, the experimental river sections of Hutuo River, Fuyang River,and Nanjuma River in Hebei Province were selected to evaluate the effect of groundwater recharge. The evaluation index system of groundwater recharge effect was established by selecting indexes from the six aspects of groundwater level recovery rate, water surface area change rate, water quality improvement degree, water ecology improvement degree,and public satisfaction degree. With AHP,a simple and practical index calculation method was selected to calculate and analyze the changes of indexes before and after the river reach replenishment, and finally to assess the effect of ecological replenishment. The results show that at the end of the groundwater recharge, the average infiltration rate covering the three pilot sections of Hutuo River, Fuyang River,and Nanjuma River is 65%, the relative recovery rate of groundwater level is 36%, 17%, and 6% respectively, the degree of groundwater quality improvement is 51%, 34%, 90% respectively, the water surface area is increased by a total of 8.56 km², and the water ecological improvement degree is 46%, 87%, 94% respectively. In addition, the public satisfaction is 90%, 90%, and 80% respectively. The comprehensive assessment score of Hutuo River, Nanjuma River, and Fuyang River is 84, 64,and 47, respectively, and the corresponding evaluation grade is "very good" "good", and "normal", respectively. This results of the three pilot river sections are basically consistent with the actual water replenishment effect.

In order to explore the dynamic change law of groundwater depth in Gaocheng District in Shijiazhuang, based on the data of annual precipitation and artificial exploitation of groundwater from 2001 to 2018, we conducted a study on Gaocheng District. At first, the P-Ⅲ curve method is used to determine the high, normal and low flow years of precipitation by sequence, and the change law of groundwater depth under different precipitation conditions is analyzed; Secondly, the method of groundwater exploitation potential coefficient and the method of grey correlation degree are used to study the relationship volumes leves between the artificial exploitation volume and the depth of groundwater level. The results showed that: 1) The groundwater depth in Gaocheng District gradually increased from 2001 to 2016, decreased from 2016 to 2018, and 2016 was the turning point. Spatially, it showed the characteristics of smaller depth in the north and larger depth in the south in Gaocheng District, and the water level in the north was 5-10 m lower than that in the south in the same period. 2) Precipitation is an important factor to drive the change of groundwater depth in Gaocheng District. The variation range of groundwater level is 0.8-1.5 m in low flowyear, 0.3-1.2 m in normal flow year, and 0.3-1.1 m in high flow year. The increase rate of groundwater depth in the main irrigation period (March-June) is cm/d, and the decrease rate of groundwater depth in the non-main irrigation period (July-October) is mm/d. 3) Artificial exploitation is the main factor to drive the change of groundwater depth in Gaocheng District, while agricultural exploitation accounts for 80% of the total. According to the method of potential coefficient of groundwater exploitation, Gaocheng District has been under a condition of serious over exploitation since 2001. For every 100 million m³ of accumulated overexploitation of groundwater, the buried depth of groundwater increases by 0.45 m.

In order to obtain the distribution characteristics of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in coastal and inland areas of China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor, by using MOD13Q1 NDVI dataset, MERRA2 reanalysis data and AVHRR land cover data, the variation characteristics of NDVI in different distances from the coastline, different latitudes and different time in the eastern part of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corrido in recent years were studied, and the effects of temperature and precipitation on NDVI were analyzed. The results showed that from late May to September in 2015-2019, the growth state of vegetation in coastal areas was basically better than that in inland areas, and NDVI decreased significantly at about 500 km away from the coastline. The coastal (0-500 km) NDVI changed slightly over time. The NDVI time series change model of two representative vegetations (woodland and lush grassland) in coastal area has been established, and the fitting effect is better. Affected by the difference in precipitation and temperature between coastal and inland areas, with the increase of latitude, the difference of NDVI between coastal and inland areas gradually decreases during the peak period of vegetation growth (July 19-23), the NDVI in coastal areas enters saturation one month earlier than that in inland areas, and the decline period lags about 1 month; In low latitude area, these two vegetations are more sensitive to precipitation, and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.393(P<0.01), but in high latitude area, the two vegetations are more sensitive to temperature, and the correlation coefficient is up to 0.534(P<0.01).

In order to establish an soil quality evaluation method with special geological background in Yimeng Mountain area of Linyi City, Shandong Province, a total of 1 029 soil samples were collected in the southwest of Yinan County, and 29 indexes of N, P, K, B, Mn, Mo, Se, I, Ge, F, Zn, Cu, Co, V, As, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, organic matter, pH, Sr, Na, Ca, Si, Mg, Tl, Ti were analyzed. Based on the analysis and test results, the evaluation system composed of soil nutrient index and environmental index was established. The geochemical evaluation and research of spatial distribution of soil quality in this area were conducted. The results showed that most of the soil quality in the whole area are good and medium (the soil environment is clean, the soil nutrient is rich or medium), the soil fertility in the middle of the study area is good (w(N)>0.10%,w(P)>0.06%,w(K)>2.50%), the fertility in the mountainous areas in the southwest and northeast of the study area is poor (w(N)<0.075%), thus the overall soil quality grade is low. The content of N, B and organic matter in about 80% of the soil of the whole region is not enough to meet the needs of conventional agricultural production. However,the soil environmental quality level in the area is generally good, and the distribution of heavy metals is controlled by the geological background.

In order to explore the treatment of ofloxacin (OFX) pollutants by thermally activated persulfate(PS) technology in water, the effects of the reaction temperature, initial pH of the system, initial concentration of PS, and the initial concentration of OFX on its degradation were studied. And based on the single factor experiment, the response surface optimization experiment was carried out by selecting four factors: Reaction time, initial pH of the system, initial concentration of PS, and the initial concentration of OFX. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: The reaction temperature was 60 ℃, 4.0 mmol/L PS, pH=4.7, 0.03 mmol/L OFX, and the degradation rate of OFX was 81.29% in 60 minutes. All the four factors had an effect on the degradation of OFX, and the significance of its effect from large to small was the reaction time, initial concentration of OFX, initial concentration of PS, and the initial pH. The degradation rate of OFX under optimal conditions was 93.78%, which was basically consistent with the best predicted result of 95.00%, indicating that the model was reliable and effective.

By using the large dynamite shots data of deep seismic reflection, the key information of the structure details of the lower crust and Moho as well as their lateral variations can be obtained accurately, and the tectonic pattern and deep process of the lithospheric scale can be revealed. The eastern segment of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) is in the superimposed area of the three major tectonic domains, the Paleo-Asian Ocean, the Mongolian-Okhostsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean. The demise process of the ocean was recorded by its lithospheric structure, especially the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the deep process of continental accretion. In this paper, 24 large dynamite shots data and two medium shots data from the deep seismic reflection profile traversing the eastern segment of the CAOB (from East Ujimqin Banner to Naiman Banner, about 400 km long) are selected for data processing, and one large dynamite shots single profile of near-vertical reflection is obtained. The fine structure of the lower crust and Moho discontinuity beneath the eastern segment of the CAOB are revealed, and the polarity of the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the deep accretionary orogeny processing of the CAOB are described as follows: The Xar-Moron suture and the Hegenshan suture constitute double sutures related to the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean: The Paleo-Asian Ocean plate below the Xar-Moron suture may be primarily subducted southward; While the Paleo-Asian Ocean plate below the Hegenshan suture may be primarily subducted northward, and the latter is larger than the former in scale. Between the two sutures, several large-scale arc-shaped reflections are presumed to be residual micro-blocks in the ocean. They were spliced together during the demise of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, after collision, compression, and post-orogenic extension. A near-horizontal Moho structure is located at around TWT 12 s (about 36 km thick), which is relatively flat along the profile. The flat Moho should be related to the post-orogenic extension of the crust.

The Doppler effect in earthquakes can be used to determine the rupture surfaces of earthquakes,which implies that the study of Doppler effect has practical significance. However, the method to determine whether there is a Doppler effect in earthquakes is not yet mature. On the basis of studying the spatial distribution of Doppler effect, a wavelet transform method is proposed to determine whether a Doppler effect exists in earthquakes. In this study, some stations located in front of the fault slip of Wenchuan earthquake were selected for wavelet transform on the seismic records in the initial period, it was found that with the increase of epicenter distance, the high frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum was obviously larger than the low frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum,which indicates that although there was the effect of the media on the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves, the high frequency amplitude of the wavelet spectrum increased due to the existence of a Doppler effect. Several stations located in the vertical direction to the Wenchuan earthquake were selected for wavelet transform on the seismic records in the initial period, it was found that with the increase of epicenter distance, the high frequency amplitude of wavelet spectrum decreased rapidly. When the epicenter distance was large to a certain extent, the amplitude of wavelet spectrum in the low frequency part was obviously larger than that in the high frequency part. In this direction, the medium played a major role in the high frequency absorption and attenuation of seismic wave, and the Doppler effect did not occur.

The additional conductivity of clay complicates the mechanism of rock conductivity and affects the accuracy of saturation calculation in logging interpretation. With the development of petroleum exploration, logging interpretation researchers proposed many kinds of conductive models for the saturation calculation of specific areas and reservoir conditions. Based on the three-dimensional digital core of Berea sandstone, a series of digital cores of clay-bearing sandstones were constructed. The finite-element method was used to simulate the electrical characteristics of the cores saturated with brine. We compared the numerical simulation C₀ with the calculation C₀ of five models to analyze the applicability of these conductive models. The results show that with the decrease of clay content and clay cation exchange capacity and the increase of rock porosity, the model calculation C₀ is closer to the numerical simulation C₀. The Doll formula and Indonesia formula are closer to the numerical simulation results, and are basically applicable to different porosity, clay volume, and cation exchange capacity.

We conducted rock physical modeling to investigate the effect of complex pore space on elastic properties of tight gas sands. Two ways for the characterization of pore spaces were compared in the rock physical model. The modeling results show that the complex velocity-porosity relationships from well log data can be interpreted by both the two models. The rock physical inversion using well log data shows that compared to the single pore aspect ratio model, the dual-porosity model gives better prediction in shear wave velocity. It reveals that the dual-porosity model may be a more realistic representation of tight sands, and the obtained parameter of the proportion of soft pores can reflect heterogeneity of pore spaces. The proposed rock physical model is used to evaluate elastic modulus of the tight sand dry frame using logging data. Compared with the conventional empirical formulas such as Krief or Pride, this method considers mineralogy, porosity and complex microstructural pore structures,so it is more rigorous to determine the elastic properties of dry frame. The analysis on the obtained results indicates that a small amount of micro-cracks may play an important role in determining elastic behaviors of dry frame of tight sands, and round pores provide the main storage space for gas. The obtained dry frame modulus can be used to calculate many rock physical parameters for formation evaluation such as the Biot coefficient, and provide key parameters for the Gassmann fluids substitution theory and BISQ theory.

Traditional lithology identification methods, such as cuttings logging, drilling coring, and logging data interpretation techniques, are highly dependent on logging quality, have low identification accuracy and efficiency, and have poor generalization capabilities. With the rapid development of computer technology, combining logging data with computer technology to carry out lithology research has become an effective means of lithology identification. This paper proposes a lithology recognition method based on gradient boosting algorithms XGBoost and LightGBM. Taking the lower carbonate reservoir in Block 41-33 of Sudong gas field in Sulige gas field as an example, test and verify it, using the acoustic time difference, natural gamma, photoelectric absorption cross-section index, density, and deep lateral resistivity in the logging data. Lithology identification is carried out with six parameterssuch as compensation neutron, and compared with traditional algorithms such as KNN, naive Bayes and support vector machine. The results show that the accuracy of lithology identification of the three traditional algorithms is 78.45%,74.43% and 78.72%, the recognition accuracy rates of XGBoost and LightGBM based on gradient boosting algorithms reached 98.90% and 98.72% respectively, which are much higher than traditional algorithms.

Lithology identification has always been an important project in oil and gas exploration of volcanic rocks, and based on logging data, it has become a need for volcanic rock research. Machine learning algorithms under the background of big data provide a new direction for logging lithology identification. In order to improve the lithology recognition accuracy of volcanic rocks in the study area, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and adaptive boosting (Ada Boosting) various classic machine learning algorithms are used here to identify six types of volcanic rocks,which consist of basalt, non-compacted basalt, trachyte, non-compacted trachyte, gabbro and diabase. Five types of well logging parameters sensitive to the lithology of the study area are selected from the conventional logging series as input vectors. 1 440 logging data points are selected from five wells with core samples or segmented data, 960 of them are used as training samples, and the remaining 480 are used as test samples. Using recognition accuracy and time as evaluation indicators, the recognition results of the three algorithms are compared and analyzed. The experiments show that the classification accuracy of the Ada Boosting algorithm is the highest with an average recognition rate of 82.10% for six types of lithology; The SVM algorithm performs well with an average recognition rate of 81.04%; The recognition rate of KNN algorithm is 76.04%.