吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 982-988.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210824

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

吸能与压溃位移约束下的轨道车辆前端结构抗撞性优化

李本怀1(),刘艳文1,2,王璐1,陈雪乾3,左文杰3()   

  1. 1.中国中车股份有限公司 长春轨道客车股份有限公司，长春 130062
    2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，成都 610031
    3.吉林大学 机械与航空航天工程学院，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 左文杰 E-mail:lbh1008@163.com;zuowenjie@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李本怀（1978-），男，高级工程师.研究方向：车辆结构强度、疲劳、碰撞.E-mail：lbh1008@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0713604);国家自然科学基金项目(12172148)

Crashworthiness optimization for frontal⁃end structure of rail vehicle constrained with absorbed energy and crushed displacements

Ben-huai LI1(),Yan-wen LIU1,2,Lu WANG1,Xue-qian CHEN3,Wen-jie ZUO3()   

  1. 1.CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. ，Ltd. ，Changchun 130062，China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China
    3.School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Online:2023-04-01 Published:2023-04-20
  • Contact: Wen-jie ZUO E-mail:lbh1008@163.com;zuowenjie@jlu.edu.cn

RICH HTML

 3   

PDF (PC)

76

摘要：

中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司于2021年完成了世界首次在轨工况下的整列动车组被动安全碰撞试验，但是对轨道车辆前端吸能结构碰撞优化方法的研究还有待深入。本文首先对结构碰撞优化所采用的等效静态载荷法进行了介绍。其次，建立了前端吸能结构的参数化有限元模型，并进行了试验验证。最后，采用等效静态载荷法对吸能结构进行了碰撞工况下的优化设计，优化目标为整体结构质量最小，设计变量为部件的板厚，约束条件为结构吸能达到指定值时，压溃位移不超过许可值。工程算例表明：等效静态载荷法可高效求解轨道车辆吸能结构的抗撞性优化问题，为动车的被动安全设计提供了解决方案。

关键词: 轨道车辆, 碰撞优化, 等效静态载荷法, 轻量化设计

Abstract:

In 2021， CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.， Ltd. completed the passive safety crash test of the whole electric multiple unit in rail for the first time in the world. However， the crashworthiness optimization method of the front-end energy-absorbing structure of rail vehicles needs to be further studied. Firstly， this paper introduces the equivalent static load method（ESLM） for structural crashworthiness optimization. Secondly， the parametric finite element model of the front-end energy-absorbing structure is created and then verified by experiments. Finally， the ESLM is used to optimize the energy-absorbing structure under the impact condition. The optimization objective is to minimize the mass of the whole structure， the design variables are the plate thickness of the components. The constraint condition is that the collapsed displacement does not violated the allowable value when the absorbed energy of the structure reaches the specified value. The engineering example shows that the ESLM can efficiently solve the crashworthiness optimization problem of the energy-absorbing structure of rail vehicles， which provides a solution for the passive safety design of rail vehicles.

Key words: railway vehicles, collision optimization, equivalent static load method, lightweight design

中图分类号: 

  • U271.91

图1

等效静态载荷法示意图"

图2

等效静载荷的定义"

图3

等效静态载荷法优化流程"

图4

轨道车辆吸能结构有限元模型"

图5

准静态碰撞试验"

图6

准静态碰撞试验装置"

图7

用于试验标定的标准有限元模型"

图8

试验与仿真压溃变形对比"

图9

仿真和试验的碰撞力历程曲线"

图10

吸能结构爆炸视图及其设计变量"

表1

轨道车辆吸能结构抗撞性优化结果"

参 数优化前优化后

吸能

结构

各组

件板

厚

t1/mm32.5
t2/mm62.4
t3/mm31.2
t4/mm52.0
t5/mm33.6
t6/mm31.2
t7/mm34.8
t8/mm83.2
t9/mm68.4
t10/mm62.4
t11/mm62.4
t12/mm42.3
t13/mm104.0
t14/mm58.0
吸能80%时位移/mm850770
质量/kg600516

图11

压溃位移迭代过程"

图12

目标函数迭代过程"

图13

吸能结构最优结果压溃仿真云图"

1 张君媛, 纪梦雪, 王楠, 等. 汽车正面25%重叠率碰撞车身前端结构设计[J]. 吉林大学学报: 工学版, 2018, 48(1): 57-64.
Zhang Jun-yuan, Ji Meng-xue, Wang Nan, et al. Design of automotive body frontal structure for 25% overlap frontal collision[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2018, 48(1): 57-64.
2 佟鑫, 张乐乐, 刘文, 等. 新型纵向卧铺结构被动安全性仿真分析与评估[J]. 吉林大学学报: 工学版, 2020, 50(1): 147-155.
Tong Xin, Zhang Le-le, Liu Wen, et al. Simulation analysis and evaluation on passive safety of the longitudinal berth[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2020, 50(1): 147-155.
3 Xie C, Wang D F. Multi-objective cross-sectional shape and size optimization of S-rail using hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2020, 62(6): 3477-3492.
4 李兆凯, 余强, 赵轩, 等. 汽车前部结构低速碰撞耐撞性与轻量化优化[J]. 中国公路学报, 2016, 29(10): 149-158.
Li Zhao-kai, Yu Qiang, Zhao Xuan,et al. Crashworthiness and lightweight optimization for frontal structure of automobile under low-speed impact[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2016, 29(10): 149-158.
5 龙述尧, 陈仙燕, 李青. 矩形截面锥形薄壁管关于能量吸收和初始碰撞力峰值的优化[J]. 工程力学, 2007, 23(11): 70-75.
Long Shu-yao, Chen Xian-yan, Li Qing. Optimization for energy absorption and initial peak force of tapered thin-walled tubes with rectangular cross-section[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2007, 23(11): 70-75.
6 Choi W S, Park G J. Structural optimization using equivalent static loads at all time intervals[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering 2002, 191(19): 2105-2122.
7 Kang B S, Choi W S, Park G J. Structural b optimization under equivalent static loads transformed from dynamic loads based on displacement[J]. Comput & Struct, 2001, 79(2): 145-154.
8 Park K, Kwon Y, Song K, et al. Structural optimization for non-linear behavior using equivalent static loads by proportional transformation of loads[J]. Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A, 2005, 30(1): 66-75.
9 Jeong S B, Yoon S, Xu S, et al. Non-linear dynamic response structural optimization of an automobile frontal structure using equivalent static loads[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2010, 224(4): 489-501.
10 Lee H A, Park G J. Nonlinear dynamic response topology optimization using the equivalent static loads method[J]. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 2015, 283: 956-970.
11 Ma Y, Chen X, Zuo W. Equivalent static displacements method for contact force optimization[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2020, 62(1): 323-336.
12 陆善彬, 蒋伟波, 左文杰. 基于等效静态载荷法的汽车前端结构抗撞性尺寸和形貌优化[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(7): 56-61.
Lu Shan-bin, Jiang Wei-bo, Zuo Wen-jie. Size and morphology crashworthiness optimization for automotive frontal structures using equivalent static loads method[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(7): 56-61.
13 Ren C, Min H, Ma T, et al. An effective topology optimization method for crashworthiness of thin-walled structures using the equivalent linear static loads[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2020, 234(14): 3239-3255.
[1] 孙琳琳,王春生,高欣悦,任宇欣,董庆伟,郭莉莉. 基于创新理论的轨道车辆车体多维基准测量[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2021, 51(2): 486-492.
[2] 刘钊,程江琳,朱玉田,郑立辉. 轨道车辆垂向振动建模及运动关联分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2020, 50(5): 1600-1607.
[3] 谷诤巍,陈琳,赵立辉,徐虹,李欣,于歌. 轨道车辆窗下补强板冲压成形模拟[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2020, 50(2): 504-511.
[4] 石舟,寇淑清. 36MnVS4裂解连杆性能分析及轻量化设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(6): 1992-2001.
[5] 刘玉梅,乔宁国,庄娇娇,刘鹏程,胡婷,陈立军. 基于多传感器数据融合的轨道车辆齿轮箱异常检测[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(5): 1465-1470.
[6] 牛治慧, 苏建, 张益瑞, 徐观, 谭富星. 基于转向架试验台的轨道不平顺模拟试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(2): 400-407.
[7] 王启明, 苏建, 张兰, 陈秋雨, 徐观. 基于L-M算法的正交Stewart平台位姿正解的初值补偿[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2017, 47(1): 97-104.
[8] 蒋荣超, 王登峰, 秦民, 蒋永峰. 基于疲劳寿命的轿车后悬架扭转梁轻量化设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2016, 46(1): 35-42.
[9] 刘玉梅, 赵聪聪, 熊明烨, 郭文翠, 张志远. 基于物元模型的高速轨道车辆传动系可靠性评价[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2015, 45(4): 1063-1068.
[10] 那景新, 何洪军, 闫亚坤, 陈立军. 基于构件内力优化的车身结构轻量化设计[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2010, 40(06): 1492-1496.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
版权所有 © 《吉林大学学报(工学版)》编辑部
地址：长春市人民大街5988号　电话：+86-431-85095297　传真：+86-431-85094074　E-mail: xbgxb@jlu.edu.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发