Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 2287-2297.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211145

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Influence of lighting and speed limit on visual search ability at highway intersections

Hong-tao LI1(),Lin-hong WANG1(),Jun-da LI2   

  1. 1.Transportation College，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
    2.China Auto Research Software Evaluation （Tianjin） Co. ，Ltd. ，Tianjin 300300，China
  • Received:2021-10-30 Online:2023-08-01 Published:2023-08-21
  • Contact: Lin-hong WANG E-mail:2385289244@qq.com;wanghonglin0520@126.com

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Abstract:

To improve the nighttime safety level of the unsignalized highway intersections that near villages， and reduce the likelihood of crashes between vehicles， bicycles and pedestrians， we used the attention distribution theory and combined with Logistics regression to construct the quantitative model of visual search ability. We selected the pixel brightness of drivers' visual field pictures， gaze area， one-time Markov stationary distribution and cumulative fixation time percentage as the attention distribution indicators. A simulation experiment scenario was built based on simulated driver， and the eye movement data of drivers under six speeds and four lighting schemes were collected to verify the model. The results show that the overall correct percentage of classification of the model is 93.45%. The maximum speed limit of highway intersections near villages should be set at 50 km/h， and the average road surface illuminance should not be less than 10 lx.

Key words: engineering of communication and transportation system, visual perception, attention distribution theory, ambient lighting, maximum speed limit at night, visual search ability

CLC Number: 

  • U491.25

Fig.1

AOI division"

Fig.2

Scenarios of four lighting schemes"

Fig.3

Scenario when pedestrian and bicycle appear"

Table 1

Trigger distances of two emergencies at different vehicle speeds"

车速/（km·h-1）自行车触发距离/m行人触发距离/m
80118448
70100386
6088333
5078271
4062223
3048166

Table 2

Inter group effect test of GA under different emergencies"

突发事件类型检验对象组自由度统计量F显著性p
自行车照明30.4090.747
速度577.5440.000
照明-速度150.3330.992
行人照明33.8610.010
速度575.8610.000
照明-速度150.3380.991

Fig.4

Average GA of bicycle group at different vehicle speeds"

Fig.5

Average GA of pedestrian group at different vehicle speeds"

Fig.6

Average GA of pedestrian group at different lighting schemes"

Table 3

Group effect of stationary distribution probability under different emergencies"

突发事件类型检验对象组自由度统计量F显著性p
自行车照明30.6690.571
速度54.7170.000
照明-速度150.8320.641
行人照明310.4510.000
速度523.8020.000
照明-速度150.9900.465

Fig.7

Average stationary distribution probability of bicycle group at different vehicle speeds"

Fig.8

Average stationary distribution probability of pedestrian group at different vehicle speeds"

Fig.9

Average stationary distribution probability of pedestrian group at different lighting schemes"

Table 4

Description statistics of cumulative fixation time percentage of bicycle group"

兴趣区域最小值/%最大值/%均值/%合计/%
道路左侧外侧2.1720.346.719.28
内侧08.022.57
道路中央远方9.3455.3131.7165.35
前方15.2250.2833.64
道路右侧内侧014.174.2919.65
外侧7.1934.4915.36
仪表盘012.525.715.71

Table 5

Description statistics of cumulative fixation time percentage of pedestrian group"

兴趣区域最小值/%最大值/%均值/%合计/%
道路左侧外侧1.1512.715.738.73
内侧08.593.00
道路中央远方19.6262.1343.4079.60
前方22.3766.8436.2
道路右侧内侧05.222.137.33
外侧2.1811.785.20
仪表盘015.914.274.27

Table 6

Bicycle group verification results"

样本正确预测数错误预测数总测数正确百分比/%
合计1571116893.45
安全143815194.70
危险1431782.35

Table 7

Pedestrian group verification results"

样本正确预测数错误预测数总测数正确百分比/%
合计1571116893.45
安全147915694.23
危险1021283.33

Table 8

Statistics of dangerous experiment times at different lighting schemes and vehicle speeds"

照明方案限速/（km·h-1）自行车组行人组危险总次数
危险次数Ave（P）Sd（P）危险次数Ave（P）Sd（P）
无照明80250.7150.270230.6160.23848
70190.8980.126120.8590.13931
6090.9500.05280.9360.06717
5050.9970.00300.9950.0042
4000.9980.00200.9990.0020
3000.9990.00101.0000.0000
较暗照明80120.7750.31660.7850.16718
7060.9430.08940.9320.06510
6000.9750.04050.9260.1151
5000.9930.01000.9980.0030
4000.9990.00100.9990.0010
3001.0000.00001.0000.0000
正常照明8060.8880.11240.9890.01710
7040.9690.03400.9950.0124
6000.9910.01000.9950.0120
5000.9960.00600.9990.0020
4000.9990.00100.9980.0040
3001.0000.00001.0000.0000
较亮照明8020.9290.15400.9940.0132
7000.9830.02000.9940.0100
6000.9950.00701.0000.0000
5000.9980.00301.0000.0000
4000.9990.00101.0000.0000
3001.0000.00001.0000.0000
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