Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 333-344.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240837

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Effects of altitude variation on diesel engine transient characteristics with consideration of particulate filters and ash

Gui-sheng CHEN1(),Na-jun-zhe JIN1,Guo-yan LUO1,Hang GONG2(),Sen YANG1,Yi-yuan PENG3   

  1. 1.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China
    2.Engineering Training Centre，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650500，China
    3.Yunnan Filter Environment Protection Science & Technology Corporation Limited，Kunming 650300，China
  • Received:2024-07-24 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-03-17
  • Contact: Hang GONG E-mail:cgs_yly@163.com;834319423@qq.com

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Abstract:

A one-dimensional transient model of a China VI diesel engine equipped with a diesel particulate filter （DPF） was developed using GT-Power. This study explores the effects of DPF on diesel engine transient characteristics under varying altitudes， specifically focusing on constant-speed， varying-torque scenarios. It also examines how changes in ash layer permeability impact engine transient performance and DPF operation， while optimizing the DPF substrate ratio and diameter range. The results show that the DPF reduces transient intake flow， torque， and thermal efficiency compared to the original engine， while increasing fuel consumption， particularly at high altitudes and in the later stages of constant-speed， increasing-torque conditions. Calcium-based ash has the most significant impact on transient characteristics. During the later stages of these conditions under varying altitudes， magnesium- and zinc-based ash cause a shift in DPF pressure drop. When the substrate ratio exceeds 1.2 and the substrate diameter exceeds 190 mm， the impact on additional fuel consumption stabilizes， although increased carbon loading intensifies this trend.

Key words: power machinery and engineering, diesel particulate filter （DPF）, China VI diesel engine, transient characteristicse, ash

CLC Number: 

  • TK422

Fig.1

DPF pressure drop composition diagram"

Table 1

Primary technical parameters of the engine"

名 称参 数
发动机机型直列4缸
燃油喷射系统电控高压共轨系统
进气形式增压中冷
压缩比16.60
排量/L2.97
额定功率/kW125/（2 800 r·min-1）
最大转矩/（N·m）500/（1 200~2 200 r·min-1）

Table 2

DPF technical parameters"

名称参数
材质碳化硅
直径/in7.5
长度/in5
孔密度/cpsi300
体积/L3.62
壁厚/mil10
配比/%1.22

Fig.2

Comparison of experimental and simulated torque values under constant speed increasing torque conditions"

Fig.3

Comparison of experimental and simulated torque values under constant speed decreasing torque conditions"

Fig.4

Impact of constant speed increasing torque on diesel engine performance"

Fig.5

Impact of constant speed decreasing torque on diesel engine performance"

Table 3

Ash permeability formed by different lubricating oil additives［17］"

灰分层类型润滑油添加剂灰分层渗透率/m2
Ca基灰分层Ca基润滑油1.67×10-14
Zn基灰分层Zn基润滑油8.56×10-14
Mg基灰分层Mg基润滑油5.74×10-13

Fig.6

Impact of ash layer permeability on diesel engine performance under constant speed increasing torque"

Fig.7

Impact of ash layer permeability on diesel engine performance under constant speed decreasing torque"

Fig.8

Impact of DPF wall thickness on DPF pressure drop under constant speed increasing torque"

Fig.9

Impact of DPF wall thickness on DPF pressure drop under constant speed decreasing torque"

Fig.10

Impact of ash layer permeability on DPF pressure drop under constant speed increasing torque"

Fig.11

Impact of ash layer permeability on DPF pressure drop under constant speed decreasing torque"

Table 4

Different carrier parameters of DPF"

参数配比
1.11.21.351.441.53
直径/mm143.8190.5170.2190.5170.2
载体长度/mm203.2127.0177.8152.4203.2
载体体积/L3.303.604.054.344.60
总灰分量/g0/300/300/300/300/30
总碳载量/g0/180/180/180/180/18

Fig.12

Impact of substrate ratio on additional fuel consumption at different altitudes"

Fig.13

Impact of substrate diameter on additional fuel consumption at different altitudes"

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