关键词: 吉林省, 抽样调查, 出生缺陷, 先天性心脏病

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the situation and distribution characteristics of birh defects among the children aged 0-5 years old in Jilin province,and to discuss the intervention countermeasures of birth defects. Methods: The subjects were selected through multi-stage proportional cluster random sampling method.In the eastern,central and western regions of Jilin province,a total of 90 townships (towns,streets) in 15 counties (cities,districts) were selected as the survey sites.A retrospective study was conducted on all the children born from 1 October 2008 to 30 September 2013 in all the survey sites.A total of 48 720 samples were collected from 0-5 years old children in Jilin province,291 samples were excluded,and 48 429 were valid samples.The self-designed questionnaire was used for survey, Epi Data 3.1 software was used for the entry of data,SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for the statistical analysis.χ² test was used to compare the incidence of birth defects of the children. Results: There were 48 429 effective samples and 517 cases of them were defected children.The total incidence of birth defects of the children aged 0-5 years in Jilin province was 10.68 ‰. The incidence of boys(11.52‰) was higher than that of girls(9.56‰)(χ²=83.768,P<0.01).The incidence of birth defects of the children in countryside(11.87‰) was higher than that in town(9.64‰)(χ²=5.651,P=0.017).The top five kinds of diseases with high incidence of birth defects were congenital heart disease,polydactyly (toe),congenital hydrocephalus,cleft lip and cleft palate,and spina bifida. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects of the children aged 0-5 years old in Jilin province is at a low level,and the differences in the incidence of birth defects between genders and urban and rural is significant. Congenital heart disease has the highest detection rate in birth defects in Jilin province.

Key words: congenital heart disease, birth defects, Jilin province, sample survey