西藏高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器发育和形态的影响

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587x.20180505

吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 914-918.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587x.20180505

西藏高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器发育和形态的影响

范东艳¹, 王苹², 任海龙¹, 周余来³, 石艳⁴

1. 西藏大学医学院临床医学系, 西藏拉萨 850000;
2. 吉林大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科, 吉林长春 130021;
3. 吉林大学药学院再生医学系, 吉林长春 130021;
4. 吉林大学药学院药学系, 吉林长春 130021

收稿日期:2017-10-08 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-11-20
通讯作者: 石艳,副教授,硕士研究生导师(Tel:0431-85619702,E-mail:shiyan@jlu.edu.cn) E-mail:shiyan@jlu.edu.cn
作者简介:范东艳(1973-),女,吉林省吉林市人,医学博士,副教授,主要从事低氧环境对机体健康影响方面的研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助课题（81660531）；中央财政支持地方高校发展专项资金资助课题（2017015）；西藏大学教学研究与改革项目资助课题（XZDJXYJ201724）

Influence of Tibetan plateau environment in development and morphology of main organs of offsprings of migrated rats

FAN Dongyan¹, WANG Ping², REN Hailong¹, ZHOU Yulai³, SHI Yan⁴

1. Department of ClinicalMedicine, School of Medical Sciences, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China;
2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
3. Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
4. Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

Received:2017-10-08 Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：探讨高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器发育及形态的影响，观察高原移居大鼠子代心、脑和肺组织病理学改变。方法：将生活在平原地区的8周龄Wistar大鼠移居到高原地区，适应1周后，56只大鼠按3：1雌雄比例合笼受孕，所有孕鼠均自然分娩。子代大鼠按月龄分为1、3和6月龄共3组，每组随机取仔鼠雌雄各5只采集心、脑、肺、肝和肾等主要脏器测定质量；每组随机抽取45只仔鼠通过水迷宫实验、旷场实验和拒俘反应实验进行大鼠的行为学检测；每组随机抽取雌雄各5只仔鼠行脑、心和肺组织石蜡包埋，HE染色检测大鼠上述组织器官的病理学变化。结果：平原移居高原的孕鼠饮食正常，无早产和死亡。孕鼠平均每窝产仔8~10只，共计产仔345只。仔鼠体质量增长为1.0~1.5 g·d^-1。有部分仔鼠出现采食量低和觅食困难现象，15只仔鼠在出生后3~5 d后陆续死亡，死亡率为4.3%。6月龄仔鼠体质量和肝脏质量/体质量比与1月龄仔鼠比较明显升高（P<0.05）。45只仔鼠在各时间点Morris水迷宫实验检测过程中未出现溺水和死亡，其中3月龄组有7只仔鼠找到水中平台的时间低于其他仔鼠（P<0.05），其他时间点各组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。旷场实验，1月龄组有6只仔鼠表现为中央区停留时间高于其他仔鼠（P<0.05），其他时间点各组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。拒俘反应实验中各时间点所有大鼠表现基本一致。心肌HE染色后可见1~3月龄仔鼠心肌炎性细胞浸润，小静脉淤血，胞核消失，细胞轮廓可见；6月龄仔鼠心肌血管淤血，心肌间隙扩大。脑HE染色后可见1月龄仔鼠脑内玻璃小体形成、胞核不能辨认或消失；3~6月龄仔鼠可见神经元胞体变形、血管扩张充血、空泡样变。肺HE染色后可见1~3月龄仔鼠肺泡壁增生变厚，淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润、肺毛细血管扩张充血；6月龄仔鼠肺泡壁增生变厚，淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润，肺泡毛细胞血管扩张充血，肺间质有水肿液，血管内部红细胞液化。结论：西藏高原环境对移居孕鼠仔鼠心、脑、肺发育及形态有影响，其原因可能与高原低压和低氧有关。

关键词: 高原缺氧, 高原移居, 行为学检测, 大鼠,Wistar

Abstract: Objective:To explore the influence of plateau environment in the development and morphology of the main organs of the offsprings of migrated rats, and to observe the pathological changes of heart, brain, and lung tissues of the offsprings of migrated rats. Methods:The 8-week Wistar rats who lived in the plain area were migrated to the plateau area. After 1 week, a total of 56 female and male rats were fertilized with a ratio of 3:1, and all the pregnant rats were natural childbirth. The offsprings rat pups were divided into three groups:1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Ten offsprings (5 female and 5 male) were randomly selected in each group to collect the heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney and other major organs to measure the weights. In each group, 45 offsprings were randomly selected to conduct water maze test, open field test and test of captive reaction. The brain, heart, and lung tissues from 5 offsprings in each group were collected for tissue section and the pathological changes of above organ tissues were detected with HE staining. Results:The pregnant rats moved from the plain to the plateau had normal feeding behavior, without preterm birth or death. On average, the pregnant rats had 8 to 10 babies per litter, with a total of 345 offsprings. The weight gain of offspring was about 1.0-1.5 g per day. Some of the offsprings had low intake and difficulty in foraging, and 15 offsprings died 3-5 d after birth, with a mortality rate of 4.3%.The weight and the ratio of liver weight to body weight of the 6-month-old offsprings were increased compared with the 1-month-old offsprings (P<0.05). In Morris water maze test there were no drowning and death in 45 offsprings at different time points; the time to find the water platform of 7 offsprings in 3-month-old group was lower than the others (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between various groups at other time points(P>0.05).In open field test,there were 6 offsprings in open fieled test in 1-month old group showed a longer stay time in the central region than other rats(P<0.05);there were no significant differences between various groups at the other time points(P>0.05). In spite of all the time points in the captive reaction experiment, all the animals behaved in a similar way. The HE staining results of myocardium tissue showed the myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration,venous congestion, nucleus disappearance,and visible cellular outline in the 1-3 month old offsprings and the myocardial vascular congestion and myocardial space enlargement in the 6-month-old offsprings. The HE staining results of brain tissue showed the glass body formation and nucleus disappearance in the 1-month-old offsprings and neuronal cell body deformation, blood vessel congestion and vacuolar degeneration in the 3-6-month-old offsprings. The HE staining results of lung tissue showed the thicker alveolar walls, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, pulmonary capillary expansion and congestion in the 1-3-month-old offsprings and the thicker alveolar walls,lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration,pulmonary capillary expansion and congestion, pulmonary interstitial edema and red blood cell liquefaction in the blood vessels in the 6-month-old offsprings. Conclusion:Tibetan plateau environment has an influence in the development and morphology of heart, brain and lung of the migrated rats, and the reason may be related to low pressure and hypoxia of plateau.

Key words: plateau anoxia, plateau migration, behavioral test, rats,Wistar

中图分类号:

R818.023

范东艳, 王苹, 任海龙, 周余来, 石艳. 西藏高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器发育和形态的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2018, 44(05): 914-918.

FAN Dongyan, WANG Ping, REN Hailong, ZHOU Yulai, SHI Yan. Influence of Tibetan plateau environment in development and morphology of main organs of offsprings of migrated rats[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2018, 44(05): 914-918.

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西藏高原环境对移居大鼠子代主要脏器发育和形态的影响

Influence of Tibetan plateau environment in development and morphology of main organs of offsprings of migrated rats

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