吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1736-1746.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250631

• 综述 • 上一篇    

脱氧核酶活性调控及其在生物医学领域中应用的研究进展

李园媛1,刘新1,徐廷双2()   

  1. 1.吉林大学第一医院艾滋病与病毒研究所,吉林 长春 130021
    2.吉林大学第一医院公共实验平台,吉林 长春 130021
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05 接受日期:2024-10-20 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 徐廷双 E-mail:xuts@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李园媛(1981-),女,吉林省长春市人,主管技师,理学硕士,主要从事生物化学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金专项项目(82341062);吉林省科技厅省自然科学基金项目(20210101284JC)

Research progress in regulation of deoxyribozyme activity and its application in biomedical field

Yuanyuan LI1,Xin LIU1,Tingshuang XU2()   

  1. 1.Institute of AIDS and Virology,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
    2.Public Experimental Platform,First Hospital,Jilin University,Changchun 130021,China
  • Received:2024-09-05 Accepted:2024-10-20 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-12-15
  • Contact: Tingshuang XU E-mail:xuts@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

RNA裂解型脱氧核酶是一类具有催化RNA切割活性的DNA分子,其能够以高特异性切割任意RNA底物,并具有高特异性、对基因组无永久影响、设计简单和序列可编程等优点,在生物传感以及疾病治疗方面具有巨大潜力。但脱氧核酶在体内或复杂生物环境中的脱靶激活问题限制了其在应用中的灵敏度和选择性。目前研究主要集中于脱氧核酶的化学修饰改造,通过引入特定的化学基团,来实现对其催化活性的精确控制,并通过将脱氧核酶与适配子结合,以实现其对目标分子的精确识别和高效切割。脱氧核酶序列经过设计后,可用于逻辑运算及分子计算机的开发。现概述脱氧核酶的多种改造和设计方法,结合近年经化学修饰、结构改造的RNA裂解脱氧核酶在疾病治疗及传感领域的应用实例,阐述其在生物传感和基因治疗中的独特性及优越性。探讨RNA裂解脱氧核酶在疾病诊断和治疗中的作用,旨在为该类脱氧核酶在相关领域的进一步应用提供参考。

关键词: 脱氧核酶, 生物传感器, 基因治疗, DNA纳米结构, 荧光探针

Abstract:

RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) are the DNA molecules with catalytic RNA cleavage activity, abd they can cleave the RNA substrates with high specificity with the advantages such as high specificity, no permanent impact on the genome, simple design and sequence- programmable, giving them great potential in biosensing and disease therapy. However, off-target activation of deoxyribozyme in vivo or complex biological environments limits their sensitivity and selectivity in various applications. Recent studies have focused on the chemical modification of deoxyribozymes, precise control for their catalytic activity its performed by introducing specific chemical groups; in addition, by combining deoxyribonucleases with aptamers, their precise recognition and efficient cleavage of target molecules can be realized; and the deoxyribozyme sequences can be used for logical operations and the development of molecular computers after suitable design. In this review, various approaches to the modification and design of DNAzymes were comprehensively discussed, with their unique advantages and superiority in biosensing and gene therapy, including examples of chemically and structurally modified RNA-cleaving depxurobozyme for therapeutic and sensing applications in the recent years.Ultimately, the review discussed the challenges and prospects of RNA-cleaving DNAzymeby for its applications in disease diagnostic and therapy, aiming to provide the reference farthe further application of deoxyribozyme in related fields.

Key words: Deoxyribozyme, Biosensor, Gene therapy, DNA nanostructures, Fluorescence probe

中图分类号: 

  • Q554