塔里木盆地古城低凸起古-中生界构造演化特征与油气成藏关系

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20170259

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 古城低凸起是塔里木盆地东部地区的重要勘探领域，古城6、8、9井的相继成功证实了其良好的勘探前景。塔里木盆地多年勘探实践表明，断裂对储层的形成和成藏有着重要的控制作用，对于油气发现具有重要意义。本文立足于本区二、三维地震资料，从分析断裂剖面的几何特征入手，建立了古-中生代的断裂发育样式，结合多窗口倾角扫描技术识别了隐蔽走滑断裂的平面特征，系统剖析了不同演化阶段断裂的变形机制，详细研究了构造演化对油气成藏的影响。研究表明：古城地区主要发育7类不同断层的构造样式，包括张性正断层、张扭性负花状构造、正"Y"字形构造、反"Y"字形构造、压扭性正花状构造、近直立的共轭走滑断层及张扭性走滑正断层；平面上主要发育NW向、NE向和NNE向3个方向的断裂。根据断裂的几何要素和动力特征，将断裂活动期次分为早加里东期、中加里东期、晚加里东-早海西期和印支-燕山期。其中：中加里东期断层奠定了本区堑垒相间的构造格局，是油气和下部流体向上运移重要通道；印支-燕山期形成的"羽状"断裂带是晚加里东-早海西期断裂再次活化形成的，距离其在3.0 km以内的井普遍钻探效果较差，对成藏有着重要的破坏作用。

关键词: 塔里木盆地, 古城低凸起, 构造演化, 变形机制, 油气成藏

Abstract: The Gucheng lower uplift is an important exploration area in eastern Tarim basin, and its good prospect has been proved by the success of the Gucheng Well 6, Well 8 and Well 9. Years of exploration practices in Tarim basin show that the faults play an important role on controlling the formation and accumulation of reservoirs, are of great significance for oil and gas discovery. Based on the analysis of geometric characteristics of faults, the authors established the Paleo-Mesozoic fault development pattern based on the 2D-3D seismic data of this area. Based on the Multi-window angle sweep technique, the planar characteristics of the concealed strike-slip faults were identified. The deformation mechanism of the faults in different stages was analyzed systematically. The influence of the tectonic evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation was studied in detail. The study shows that there are seven different tectonic styles in this area, including extensional normal faults, torsional negative flower structure, positive "Y" structure, inverse-"Y" structure, compresso-shear structure, near vertical strike-slip faults, torsional strike-slip positive fault. The faults have three plane development directions, NW, NE and NNE. According to the geometric elements and dynamic characteristics, the faults activity period is divided into Early Caledonian stage, Middle Caledonian, Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian stage, and Indo-Yanshan stage. The Middle Caledonian faults are important channels for the upward migration of oil, gas and the lower fluid through establishing the framework of graben block and horst block structure. The "pinnate" faults zone formed in the Indosinian -Yanshanian were caused by the re-activation of Late Caledonian-early Hercynian faults, which has a strong damaging effect on the reservoirs.

Key words: Tarim basin, Gucheng lower uplift, tectonic evolution, deformation mechanism, hydrocarbon accumulation

中图分类号:

P631.2

李昂, 鞠林波, 张丽艳. 塔里木盆地古城低凸起古-中生界构造演化特征与油气成藏关系[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2018, 48(2): 545-555.

Li Ang, Ju Linbo, Zhang Liyan. Relationship Between Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Paleo-Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution Characteristics of Gucheng Lower Uplift in Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(2): 545-555.

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