珠江口盆地西江主洼油气差异分布机制

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200140

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 西江主洼是珠江口盆地一个低勘探程度洼陷，油气差异聚集特征明显，但其机理不清。本文在断陷盆地油气成藏理论指导下，利用研究区地质、地球物理和地球化学等资料，开展了烃源岩、断盖组合、储集体系和运聚模式等方面的研究。结果表明，裂陷期沉降、沉积中心有序迁移，造成主力烃源岩自东向西由文四段迁移至文三段、文一+二段，控制东、西部油气差异分布。恩平组区域性泥岩发育且晚期断裂缺乏，导致油气纵向上更易聚集于下构造层；区域泥岩减薄尖灭或晚期断裂切开盖层的区域，上构造层有一定油气分布。"源-汇"类型从宏观上控制储层优劣，影响下构造层油气富集程度；"仓储"运移是控制上构造层油气规模聚集的主要模式。下构造层古近系应作为重点部署方向，东部围绕文四段、西部围绕文三段、文一+二段烃源岩构成的含油气系统展开；上构造层勘探需关注珠海组，在隆起周边寻找具备"仓储"运移模式的有利区带。

关键词: 珠江口盆地, 珠一坳陷, 西江主洼, 断陷盆地, 油气差异聚集, 主控因素, 成藏模式

Abstract: Xijiang main sag is one of the low exploration sags in the Pearl River Mouth basin. The existing oil and gas traps have obvious differential accumulation patterns, whose formation mechanisms are unclear. Under the guidance of hydrocarbon accumulation theory of fault basins, the source rocks, faults and cap rocks combinations, reservoirs, migration and accumulation patterns are studied by using geological, geophysical and geochemical data. The subsiding centers and primary source rocks transferred from east to west, from the WC 4 Member to the WC 3 Member and the WC 1+2 Member, in the rifting periods. These transferences control the differences of oil-gas distribution between the east and the west. The mudstones in Enping Formation have good quality and large volume. Vertically, high grade source rocks and the lack of later active faults make the oil and gas accumulate in the lower structural layer more easily. In the area where the the mudstone become thinning regionally or the cap rocks are cut partly by later active faults, oil and gas distribute in upper structural layers. The types of "source-to-sink" controls the quality of reservoirs and impacts on the oil and gas accumulating to the lower structural layer. "Storage" migration is the primary mode of the oil and gas accumulating to the upper structural layer. The lower Paleogene structural layer could be one of the key exploration directions, which are the petroleum system around source rocks of the WC 4 Member in the east and the WC 3 & WC 1+2 Members in the west. In the upper structural layers, explorationist should pay more attention on Zhuhai Formation, and find the potential oil and gas zones with "storage" migration mode around the uplifts.

Key words: Pearl River Mouth basin, Zhu 1 depression, Xijiang main sag, faulted basin, differential enrichment of oil and gas, main controlling factors, accumulation model

中图分类号:

TE122

刘培, 张向涛, 林鹤鸣, 杜家元, 冯进, 陈维涛, 梁杰, 贾培蒙. 珠江口盆地西江主洼油气差异分布机制[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2021, 51(1): 52-64.

Liu Pei, Zhang Xiangtao, Lin Heming, Du Jiayuan, Feng Jin, Chen Weitao, Liang Jie, Jia Peimeng. Distribution Mechanism of Oil and Gas in Xijiang Main Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2021, 51(1): 52-64.

参考文献

[1] 蒋有录,卢浩,刘华,等. 渤海湾盆地饶阳凹陷新近系油气富集特点与主控因素[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(5):791-796. Jiang Youlu, Lu Hao, Liu Hua, et al. Enrichment Characteristics and Major Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbons in the Neogene of Raoyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(5):791-796.
[2] 赵贤正, 金凤鸣. 陆相断陷洼槽聚油理论与勘探实践[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2009. Zhao Xianzheng, Jin Fengming. Theory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Troughs in Continental Faulted Depressions and Its Application[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2009.
[3] 胡见义, 黄第藩. 中国陆相石油地质理论基础[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,1991. Hu Jianyi, Huang Difan. The Bases of Nonmarine Petroleum Geologyin China[M]. Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press, 1991.
[4] 曹爱武. 西江主洼生油潜力分析[J]. 中国海上油气,1999,13(3):196-198. Cao Aiwu. The Analysis of Hydrocarbon Potential in Xijiang Main Sag[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 1999, 13(3):196-198.
[5] 丁亮,郭刚,郝建荣,等. 珠一坳陷西江主洼古近系文昌组烃源岩特征及生烃潜力[J]. 中国海上油气,2015,27(5):21-25. Ding Liang, Guo Gang, Hao Jianrong, et al. Characteristics of Paleogene Source Rocks of Wenchang Formation and Hydrocarbon Potential in Xijiang Sag,ZhuⅠDepression[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2015, 27(5):21-25.
[6] 刘培,张向涛,杜家元,等.低地温断陷构造-热演化过程及其石油地质意义:以珠江口盆地西江主洼为例[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):149-156. Liu Pei, Zhang Xiangtao, Du Jiayuan, et al. Tectonic-Thermal Evolution Process and Petroleum Geological Significance of Relatively Low Geothermal Gradient in a Rift Basin:An Example from Xijiang Main Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2018,37(2):149-156.
[7] 杜家元,施和生,朱明,等. 西江主洼相对低地温条件下油气成藏特征和勘探潜力分析[J]. 中国海上油气,2008,20(5):287-292. Du Jiayuan, Shi Hesheng, Zhu Ming, et al. An Analysis of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Exploration Potential Under a Lower Geothermal Condition in Xijiang Sag[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2008, 20(5):287-292.
[8] 朱文奇,梁建设,郭刚,等. 珠江口盆地西江主洼油气运聚主控因素及运聚模式[J]. 中国海上油气,2014,26(6):14-20. Zhu Wenqi, Liang Jianshe, Guo Gang, et al. Main Control Factors and Models of Hydrocarbon Migration-Accumulation in Xijiang Major Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2014, 26(6):14-20.
[9] 李三忠,曹现志,王光增,等. 太平洋板块中-新生代构造演化及板块重建[J]. 地质力学学报,2019, 25(5):642-677. Li Sanzhong, Cao Xianzhi,Wang Guangzeng, et al. Meso-Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Plate Reconstruction of the Pacific Plate[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2019,25(5):642-677.
[10] Wang Pengcheng, Li Sanzhong, Suo Yanhui, et al. Plate Tectonic Control on the Formation and Tectonic Migration of Cenozoic Basins in Northern Margin of the South China Sea[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2020, 11(4):1231-1251.
[11] 陈长民,施和生,许仕策.珠江口盆地(东部)第三系油气藏形成条件[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2003. Chen Changmin,Shi Hesheng,Xu Shice. Formation Conditions of Third Series Oil and Gas Reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (East)[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[12] 施和生, 舒誉,杜家元,等.珠江口盆地古近系石油地质[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2017. Shi Hesheng, Shu Yu, Du Jiayuan, et al. Petroleum Geology of Paleogene in Pearl River Mouth Basin[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2017.
[13] 施和生.论油气资源不均匀分布与分带差异富集:以珠江口盆地珠一坳陷为例[J]. 中国海上油气,2013,25(5):1-8 Shi Hesheng. On Heterogeneous Distribution and Differential Enrichment by Zones of Hydrocarbon Resources:A Case in Zhu I Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(5):1-8
[14] 施和生,代一丁,刘丽华,等. 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷油气藏地质特征与分布发育基本模式[J]. 石油学报,2015,36(增刊2):120-132. Shi Hesheng, Dai Yiding, Liu Lihua, et al. Geological Characteristics and Distribution Model of Oil and Gas Reservoirs in Zhu I Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(Sup. 2):120-132.
[15] 操应长,徐琦松,王健. 沉积盆地"源-汇"系统研究进展[J]. 地学前缘,2018,25(4):116-131. Cao Yingchang, Xu Qisong, Wang Jian. Prpgress in "Source-to-Sink" System Research[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2018,25(4):116-131.
[16] Alexander C,Walsh J,Orpin A.Modern Sediment Dispersal and Accumulation on the Outer Poverty Continental Margin[J]. Marine Geology,2010,270:213-226.
[17] Carter L, Orpin A, Kuehl S. From Mountain Source to Ocean Sink:The Passage of Sediment Across an Active Margin,Waipaoa Sedimentary System,New Zealand[J]. Marine Geology,2010,270:1-10.
[18] 朱筱敏,张守鹏,韩雪芳,等.济阳坳陷陡坡带沙河街组砂砾岩体储层质量差异性研究[J].沉积学报,2013,31(6):1094-1104. Zhu Xiaomin, Zhang Shoupeng, Han Xuefang, et al. On the Difference of Reservoir Quality of Shahejie Formation in Steep Zones of Jiyang Sag[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca, 2013,31(6):1094-1104.
[19] 朱筱敏,赵东娜,姜淑贤,等. 渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇低孔低渗储层成岩序列[J].地球科学与环境学报,2014,36(2):1-6. Zhu Xiaomin, Zhao Dongna, Jiang Shuxian, et al. Diagenetic Sequence of Low Porosity and Permeability Reservoirs from Nearshore Subaqeous Fan of Shahejie Formation in the Steep Slope Zone of Chezhen Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2014, 36(2):1-6.
[20] 邹才能,侯连华,杨帆,等.碎屑岩风化壳结构及油气地质意义[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(12):2652-2664. Zou Caineng, Hou Lianhua, Yang Fan, et al. Structure of Weathered Clastic Crust and Its Petroleum Potential[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2014, 44(12):2652-2664.
[21] 刘培,于水明,王福国,等. 珠江口盆地恩平凹陷海相泥岩盖层有效性评价及应用[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(3):452-459. Liu Pei, Yu Shuiming, Wang Fuguo, et al. Cap Rock Effectiveness Evaluation and Application of Marine Mudstone in Enping Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(3):452-459.
[22] 邓运华. 裂谷盆地油气运移"中转站"模式的实践效果:以渤海油区第三系为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(1):18-24. Deng Yunhua. Practical Effect of the"Transfer Station" Model for Oil-Gas Migration in Rift Basin:A Case Study on the Tertiary in the Bohai Oil Province[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012,33(1):18-24.
[23] 周心怀,牛成民,滕长宇.环渤中地区新构造运动期断裂活动与油气成藏关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(4):469-482. Zhou Xinhuai, Niu Chengmin, Teng Changyu. Relationship Between Faulting and Hydrocarbon Pooling During the Neotectonic Movement Around the Central Bohai Bay[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(4):469-482.
[24] 张善文,王永诗,石砥石,等. 网毯式油气成藏体系:以济阳坳陷新近系为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):1-9. Zhang Shanwen,Wang Yongshi, Shi Dishi, et al. Meshwork-Carpet Type Oil and Gas Pool-Forming System-Taking Neogene of Jiyang Depression as an Example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(1):1-9.
[25] 龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏[J]. 地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):513-517. Gong Zaisheng. Neotectonics and Petroleum Accumulation in Offshore Chinese Basins[J]. Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2004,29(5):513-517.
[26] 刘培,蒋有录,刘华,等. 渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷断层活动与新近系油气成藏关系[J]. 天然气地球科学,2013, 24(3):541-547. Liu Pei, Jiang Youlu, Liu Hua, et al. The Relationship Between Fault Activity and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Neogene in Zhanhua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2013, 24(3):541-547.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed