面向城市轨道交通接驳的模块化公交调度方法

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250456

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对接驳城市轨道交通的固定容量公交存在资源浪费和效率不足的问题，提出了模块化公交主路线动态调度方法。通过设计解离耦合点确定机制和动态发车模式，构建以车辆购置、运营成本和乘客时间成本最小化为目标的调度模型，采用改进麻雀搜索算法求解该模型。基于武汉市地铁1号线东吴大道站服务区域案例，结合DBSCAN算法确定合乘点并利用A^*算法规划主接驳路线。实例验证表明：模块化公交主路线运行模式较固定公交运行模式和独立运行模式，系统总成本分别降低了11.59%和4.54%，座位利用率分别提高了23.45%和11.50%，能够在一定程度上改善公共交通的资源配置问题。

关键词: 城市交通, 模块化公交, 接驳调度, 解离耦合, 改进麻雀搜索算法

Abstract:

To address the issues of resource waste and operational inefficiency faced by fixed-capacity buses serving as feeders for urban rail transit systems， a dynamic scheduling method for modular bus main routes was proposed. By designing a decoupling-coupling point determination mechanism and a dynamic dispatching mode， a scheduling optimization model was established with the objectives of minimizing vehicle procurement costs， operational costs， and passenger time costs. The model was solved using an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm （ISSA）. A case study was conducted in the service area of the Dongwu Boulevard Station on Wuhan Metro Line 1. The DBSCAN algorithm was applied to identify shared stops， and the A^* algorithm was utilized to plan the main feeder route. Results demonstrate that compared to the fixed bus operation mode and the independent operation mode， the modular bus main route operation mode reduces the total system cost by 11.59% and 4.54% respectively， and increases the seat utilization rate by 23.45% and 11.50% respectively， which can improve the resource allocation of public transport to a certain extent.

Key words: urban traffic, modular buses, feeder scheduling, decoupling-coupling, improved sparrow search algorithm

中图分类号:

U491

赖元文,陈培源,朱新运,陈艳生,王书易. 面向城市轨道交通接驳的模块化公交调度方法[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(10): 2587-2596.

Yuan-wen LAI,Pei-yuan CHEN,Xin-yun ZHU,Yan-sheng CHEN,Shu-yi WANG. Modular bus scheduling methods for urban rail transit connection[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(10): 2587-2596.

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乘客编号	经度	纬度	与地铁站距/m	到达时间	上下车类型
1	114.097 675 7	30.614 631 0	1 651.28	08：01：24	O
2	114.097 738 7	30.620 264 9	1 189.55	08：03：33	O
3	114.118 783 1	30.619 968 9	935.96	08：12：16	O
4	114.112 618 0	30.623 591 7	2 056.02	08：14：40	O
5	114.113 063 3	30.621 224 9	2 540.87	08：19：49	O
6	114.118 829 0	30.621 942 1	1 276.75	08：22：55	D
7	114.101 718 9	30.627 618 1	1 517.71	08：24：32	O
8	114.115 653 0	30.621 754 6	1 631.25	08：25：03	D
9	114.097 708 0	30.620 271 0	2 570.18	08：42：24	O
10	114.123 628 7	30.616 384 8	1 335.06	08：59：03	D

班次	车辆编号	运营时间	行驶距离/km	接送乘客数
1	M₁	08：13：04~08：27：45	8.86	11
1	M₂	08：13：04~08：27：45	8.58	7
2	M₁	08：23：45~08：40：34	7.92	12
	M₂		8.59	8
	M₃		7.60	8
3	M₁	08：35：40~08：48：14	6.23	12
	M₂		6.22	7
	M₃		6.65	9
4	M₁	08：47：50~09：03：11	7.43	11
4	M₂	08：47：50~09：03：11	7.07	11
5	M₁	08：59：57~09：15：28	7.89	12
5	M₂	08：59：57~09：15：28	8.84	9

指标	固定容量公交运行	独立运行	主路线运行
公交企业运营成本/元	180.39	223.68	185.68
乘客出行时间成本/元	899.23	776.29	768.86
座位利用率/%	58.50	73.50	81.95
系统总成本/元	1 079.62	999.97	954.54