下刚果盆地白垩系盐构造的形成演化

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20190082

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 下刚果盆地具有巨大的油气资源和潜力，盐构造控制着油气成藏和分布。其盐岩流动的不规律性，增加了盐构造的形成演化和演化期次分析的难度，前人主要通过平衡剖面恢复的方法对断裂等构造形态进行定量恢复，但对盐构造形成演化过程的认识及变形期次刻画的准确性明显不足。本文基于数值模拟手段，通过沉积地层的分时期加载方法，正演了下刚果盆地的构造演化过程，探讨并明确了盐构造的演化阶段。数值模拟结果表明，下刚果盆地盐构造的形成主要分为3个阶段：盐岩初始流动阶段、盐构造形成阶段和构造稳定阶段。形成底辟构造的主要时期是古新世-中新世。其中，古新世-渐新世开始形成底辟构造，中新世多个大规模底辟构造形成，且该时期是盐构造活动最强烈时期。在此基础上进一步完成了下刚果盆地盐构造活动变形与重力作用流动、上覆沉积地层厚度不均一以及沉积扇体的进积作用关系分析。

关键词: 下刚果盆地, 数值模拟, 盐构造, 构造演化

Abstract: The Lower Congo basin contains a large amount of oil and gas resources, and the salt structure controls the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution. The flow of salt rocks is irregular, therefore, it is difficult to analyze the formation and evolution of the salt structures. The former studies of the basin tectonic evolution by means of balanced sections method cannot accurately describe the formation and evolution of the salt structures in different ages. The flow of salt rock and the deformation of salt structures in the Lower Congo basin is not clear. A discrete element numerical simulation experiment was carried out, and the method of phased loading of sedimentary strata was adopted. The results are consistent with the geological conditions of the Lower Congo basin and the existing geological understanding of the basin. The results show that the formation process of the salt structure in the Lower Congo basin is mainly divided into three stages:The initial flow stage, the formation stage, and the stable stage. The main period of formation of the salt diapir structure is the Paleocene-Miocene. In the Paleocene-Oligocene period, the salt diapir structure began to form. During the Miocene period, the salt diapir structure was obvious in quantity and scale, and the Miocene was the most intensive period of salt tectonic activity. Compared with the previous research results, the main evolution stage of the salt structure is clarified based on the forward modeling of tectonic evolution process of the Lower Congo basin in this study.

Key words: Lower Congo basin, numerical simulation, salt structure, tectonic evolution

中图分类号:

P548

李一赫, 王殿举, 于法浩, 刘志强. 下刚果盆地白垩系盐构造的形成演化[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2020, 50(6): 1628-1638.

Li Yihe, Wang Dianju, Yu Fahao, Liu Zhiqiang. Formation and Evolution of Cretaceous Salt Structures in Lower Congo Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2020, 50(6): 1628-1638.

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