吉林大学学报(地球科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 704-722.doi: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20200099
曾志杰, 陈雷
Zeng Zhijie, Chen Lei
摘要： 夏家店金矿床位于南秦岭造山带内，是一个受构造和地层控制的大型金矿床，矿石类型为角砾岩型、碎裂岩型和石英脉型3种类型，赋矿围岩主要为寒武系水沟口组的炭泥质板岩、炭硅质板岩、硅质岩及白云岩，次为泥盆系西岔河组的角砾岩。本文对夏家店金矿床中矿石（角砾状炭硅质板岩、碎裂硅化白云岩、碎裂炭泥质板岩和石英脉状矿化的硅质岩）和围岩（硅质岩、硅化白云岩和硅质板岩）的微量元素、铂族元素（PGE）质量分数进行测试，进而探讨成矿物质来源以及矿床成因。结果表明：不同类型的矿石与其各自的围岩具有高度的相似性，均富集Sr、Ga、Zr等元素；不同类型的矿石稀土总量均高于各类围岩，但是两者具有相似的稀土配分模式，轻稀土富集，重稀土亏损，均表现出负Eu异常（δEu值为0.51~0.63）；不同类型的矿石PGE总量（7.71×10-9~38.30×10-9，平均值23.00×10-9）均明显大于各类围岩PGE总量（1.28×10-9~2.44×10-9，平均值1.86×10-9），相比上地壳，不同类型的矿石均明显富集Os、Ir、Pt和Pd，亏损Ru、Rh，而各类围岩均富集Os，亏损Pt、Ru、Rh、Pd，但两者的铂族元素配分曲线具有高度相似性，呈Ru亏损的V型，为地壳的（Os）-Pt-Pd型配分模式。以上特征表明不同类型的矿石和围岩具有明显的微量、稀土元素和PGE地球化学继承性，暗示夏家店下寒武统有可能是重要的矿源层之一。同时，所有矿石和围岩的Au/Ir值（分别为4 821~299 666）和406~8 050）及Pd/Ir值（分别为16.9~588.0和15.2~47.5）变化范围均较大，两者Au/Ir值远高于炭质球粒陨石和原始地幔值、Pd/Ir值远高于岩浆成因矿石值，且夏家店金矿床矿石和围岩的PGE配分曲线与典型热液成因矿床一致。这些特征显示夏家店金矿床具有明显的热液成因，是构造-热液流体成矿作用的产物。
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