The Xinlin Town pluton locates in the northern Great Hinggan Mountains. Lithologically, it comprises granodiorite, adamellite, quartz-monzodiorite and alkaline-feldspar granite, with locally fine-grained gabbroic and dioritic enclaves. Petrological and geochemical characteristics indicate that the pluton is high-K calc-alkaline I-type granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of two granodiorites yielded emplacement ages of (132±3)Ma and (131±3)Ma. The ages indicate that the pluton was the product of the Early Cretaceous magmatic event. Though Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the samples are relatively uniform, their ε_{Hf(t) values are relatively varied, ranging between 1.32 and 8.32; the yielded Nd and Hf model ages are Neoproterozoic. The isotopic data indicate that the granitic magma mainly originated from the juvenile Neoproterozoic accreted crustal materials with the involvements mantle components. The isotopic characteristics indicate that the Erguna terrain accreted in Neoproterozoic at least,}

The granitoid gneisses in the northern Jiamusi massif is suitable for dating by Chemical Th-U-Total Pb isochron method （CHIME）.Monazite dating of 415 Ma indicates a magmato-thermal event in the Late Silurian. The dating results of （494.36 ± 23.6 ）Ma,（506.96 ± 52.20）Ma and（481.04±23.19）Ma provide the conclusive evidence for a 500 Ma Late Pan-African high-grade metamorphic event in the northern Jiamusi massif. Combined with the SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating results from the southern Jiamusi massif, it is concluded that the entire Jiamusi massif has undergone a 500 Ma high-grade metamorphic event. The Jiamusi massif and Songnen massif could have amalgamated and linked together before and were affected variously by metamorphic event during 500 Ma.

Four types of primary fluid inclusions developed in quartz that intergrowth with goldbearing pyrite in the Linglong gold deposit, namely, Ⅰ aqueous two-phase; Ⅱ carbon dioxide-bearing three-phase; Ⅲ carbon dioxide and Ⅳ only liquid aqueous phase, respectively. The laser Roman spectroscopic analysis for composition and the microthermometric study of fluid inclusions indicate that: ①type Ⅰa fluid inclusions, in which the vapor volumes occupy 10%-15%, their homogenization temperature is 162.7-235.6℃, salinity is 4.65%-7.59% NaCl, the average composition of vapor phase is 96.48 mol% H₂O and 2.4 mol% CO₂; ② type Ⅰb fluid inclusions, in which the vapor volumes occupy 30%-45% , their homogenization temperature is 266.9-349.2℃, salinity is 10.8%-13.4% NaCl, the average composition of vapor phase is 69.75 mol% H₂O and 24.74 mol% CO₂; ③ type Ⅱ fluid inclusions, with a wide range of 20%-90% for the carbon dioxide volumes in fluid inclusions, their homogenization temperature is 193.5-321.6℃, salinity is 2.9%-5.3% NaCl, the average composition of the carbon dioxide phase is 27.72 mol% H₂O and 70.60 mol% CO₂. Comprehensive study of compositional and microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions leads to the conclusion that fluid mixing between meteoric water-derived and mantle-derived hydrothermal solutions existed in the metallogenetic process of Linglong gold deposit. The former are mixed with CO₂-rich fluids separated from mantle-derived solutions and then captured at different ratios formed type Ⅱ fluid inclusions; whereas mixed with CO₂-unsaturated fluids which was the remnants of mantle-derived solutions after CO₂ separation, could be captured to form type Ⅰb fluid inclusions. The changes in physico-chemical conditions of ore-forming solutions resulted from two kinds of fluid mixing have great significances to gold mineralization.

Based on the trace element analysis of different rock(ore) types in the Xiaoshiren gold deposit in Jilin Province and viewed from data structures, the authors discuss the geochemical characteristics of these trace elements. Statistical parameters showed that the trace elements studied are of apparent concentration and enrichment features in deposit area. Different rock(ore) types have the different trace element distribution characteristics, and based on which the authors classify the rocks(ores) in the deposit into three types-normal, weak-altered and strong-altered(or mineralized). The multivariate statistical analysis results indicate that all the trace elements studied had taken part in the gold mineralization processes. However, their behavior was quite different. Based on the multivariate statistics characteristics, the authors divided the trace elements into three assemblages: namely Au, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Mn; Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Co, Ni, V. The first assemblage is oreforming and halo-forming elements, the second assemblage polymetallic mineralized elements and the third assemblage is the elements related to pyritization. These assemblages are also related to different mineralization stages, revealing gold metallogenic processes and corresponding features. The trace element profiles of soil and rock show that their spatial correlation except Mn that is negatively related to Au and was abnormally enriched in the outer zone of the Au mineralization.

Gold is a commodity being mined and of great potential in the Laoling precious metals polymetallic metallogenic belt. The quartz vein and altered rock types of gold deposits, with similar geological environments, ore-constraints and distribution laws, predominate in the belt. Take the gold deposits as the research object, the relationship between the geological, geochemical and geophysical data were studied and the ore-prospecting model of the gold deposits consisting of direct and indirect information is established.

Carbonate rock strata in well Xichen-1, Xisha islands consist of 3 layers of dolostone and 4 layers of limestone. In dolostone layers, the micritic dolomite, containing 91.1%-100% of dolomite, can distribute in all kinds of contents such as framework grains and inter-grain fillings. Isotopes of the dolomite are as follows, δ¹³C varies from 0.80‰ to 3.16‰, averaging 2.24‰; δ¹⁸O varies from 0.56‰ to 5.23‰, averaging 2.56‰. These characteristics reflect that dolomitization occurred in synsedimentary heavy brine environment when paleosalinity is 36.88% and paleotemperature is 1.07℃. The limestone layers with dominant calcsparite contain dolomite in general less than 25%, in which dolomite are concentrated in pore or fissure fillings and absent in framework grains. The fluid inclusion homogenization temperature measured in domolite range 102.5-296℃ with an average of 156.3℃; the salinity is 0.55%-6.25%, averaging 3.75%; the density is 0.95-0.99 g/cm³, averaging 0.97 g/cm³; the pressure is 20.65-42.65 MPa, averaging 33.65 MPa. These characteristics reflect that dolomitization may be in connection with post diagenetic hydrothermal event.

There is a unique succession of tempestite, with typical geological characteristics and special sedimentary sequence, from the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation of Yutang area in northwestern of Hunan Province. Erosional bases at the tempestite sequences are clear. Thickness variation of each section is great, grain size of clastic sediments is finingupward. Superposed hummocky cross-lamination, parallel bedding and ripple-bedding are common. All of these features indicate sedimentation in an offshore environment. The succession of tempestite had important fundamental implication for us to creat sedimentological section and proble into the space variation characteristics of tempestite sedimentary pattern and make sure metallogenical environment or metallogenical geological characteristics.

By means of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and with comprehensive study of core section, cuttings, well-logging, seismic informations, fossils and geochemistry data the authors recognized three kinds of unconformities and classified the Paleogene into seven seismic sequences of third grade, vertical section of which is transgression, regression and aggradation respectively. Tectonic subsidence play dominant role in their geometric shapes, basin fillings, sequence evolution and sediment distribution in the Wushi Sag. Outline of the sequences are in shape of box-wedge or sheet-wedge and boundaries of sequences are varied from bilateral fault to monoclinal fault overlap, so that the sequences show distinct semigrabens which overlay in different ways. Seven sequences were formed in different stage of tectonic evolution. The sequence of SQ₁ formed in initial rift stage and deposited alluvial sequence. Sequences SQ₂-SQ₄ developed in intense rift stage and sediment lacustrine sequence. Sequences SQ₅-SQ₇ formed in late period of rift before thermal subsidence and deposit mere and delta sediment. The place adjacent to the synsedimentary fault is the subsidence center and depocenter; meanwhile, controlling fracture migrates in horizontal made subsidence and sedimentary center of the sag changed.

Situated in Northeast of Songpan-Ganzi terrain, the Zoige Basin is a significant sedimentary area of this terrain from Middle to Late Triassic. 37 greywacke samples of Middle and Late Triassic collected from Hongcan well in Zoige were analyzed by ICP-MS for REE and trace elements. The result shows that these samples were originated continental crust because they enriched in Cs,Rb,Th and high REE contents and depleted in Sr,Nb and Ta. Negative Eu anomalies and strong differentiation between heavy and light REE are significant. Both the contents and ratios of the inactive trace elements and the results based on discriminant diagrams indicated that the sedimentary tectonic setting of Zoige Basin was dominated by continental island arc and the sediment in this basin was strongly affected by continental island arc between Middle and Late Triassic. The change of REE composition between the upper and lower samples from Hongcan well implied the tectonic setting and property of the sediment provenance in Zoige Basin were altered obviously between late-period of Middle Triassic and mid-period or late-period of Late Triassic. This change was probably due to elevation and erosion of the matured continental crust on the east of Zoige Basin, and lots of clastic materials transported into the basin in late-period of Late Triassic.

Yuqi block is an important oil & gas exploration target of Tahe oilfield in Akekule arch, Tarim Basin. The research results indicate that the oil & gas in Yuqi block are from Cambrian to lower Ordovician source rocks in the south of the Akekule arch. Halahatang Formation in Yuqi block has definite exploration potential. The crude oil density of Halahatang Formation is low, the content of sulfur is also low, and the content of wax is high, the gas in Halahatang Formation belong to typical mixed gas. The trap types are mostly tectonicly controlled, which are low scope, the oil & gas distribution is mostly faultbounded. There are at least three episodes of oil/gas charges, i.e., Jurassic-Cretaceous, late Palaeocene-Eocene and early Oligocene-Miocene. The oil & gas accumulation model in Yuqi block is outward source-bidirectional expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation or hydrocarbon sourced from the old rocks and preserved in the young rocks-bidirectional expulsion of hydrocarbon-multistage accumulation. and its evolution has two stages.

As the typical structural fissured water pour-in deposits, the groundwater pour-in mechanism of Xiadian gold deposit, Zhaoyuan City in Shangdong Province, is evidently influenced by Zhaoping mineralizing structure. It is particular for the study of groundwater pour-in mechanism controlled by the structure. The structural information and evolution of the fissured-water pour-in on the basis of theory about Zhaoping structure mineralized dynamic system are analyzed. Meanwhile in virtue of the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater pourin characteristics, the mode of structural control about groundwater pour-in mechanism in Xiadian gold deposit is discussed, and made the conclusion that the structural fissured water dominated by Zhaoping structure dynamic system is the primary source of pit water.

Large quantity of continuously groundwater pumping in an area forms regional groundwater depression cone, and overexploitation leads to a series of environmental and geological problems. Groundwater level can be recovered by artificial regulation of water resource in the empty underground space of the depression cone. Artificial regulation in groundwater depression cone is significant to Daqing, where groundwater is the main water supply resource. The authors designed and simulated four artificial regulation projects in the depression cone zone in west of Daqing, which are current pumping, reduced pumping, and artificial recharge based on current and reduced pumping. The result indicates that reducing the exploitation quantity and using artificial recharge methods can accelerate the recovery of depression cone. When reducing the quantity of groundwater pumping by 5% every year and executing artificial recharge(0.45×10⁸m³/a), the recovery effect of groundwater level is more obvious than other projects, and groundwater level of the centre of depression cone will be recovered by 7.7-10.3 m up to the end of 2010.

To avoid the excessive subjectivity influenced by the conventional determination methods of weight factor, the rough set was introduced to the solution of the weight factor in the extenics evaluation. The problem of the weight factor was transformed to the evaluating of the attribute significance. The decision table was established by the rough set theory to make the knowledge reduced and determine the relevant evaluating indexes. According to the significance of evaluating indexes, the weight factor can be calculated. By comparing the weight factors figured out by the rough set theory and by the dependent function method in the practical engineering, its known that the weight factor based on rough set is more reasonable and with higher reliability.

To improve properties of saline soil, different proportions of lime or cement was mixed with saline soil according its physical and chemical properties.By shot-solid testing, anti-shear strength testing and anti-press strength testing, the results show that the maximum dry-density, the optimum water-ratio and strength of mixture were all increased, in particular, the cohesion was rapidly improved. The properties of the mixture of soil-cement or soil-lime are greatly improved, and they can be used to construct the bank of salt field.

Samples from Changchun-Siping highway, Changchun-Songyuan highway and North Changchun-Jilin highway were studied.Studied from microstructure of frozen soil, combining physicochemical tests and mechanical tests, the influence of properties of seasonally frozen soil in Changchun area on moisture movement is evaluated，which provides the experimental evidence for study of moisture movement of seasonally frozen soil and the road frost heaving and mudding in Changchun area. It is concluded from the experiments that the diameter of pore of seasonally frozen soil in Changchun area is mostly less than 5 μm, which is benefit for the migration of gravitational and capillary water. With high content of mineral substance, large cation exchange capacity, rich clay content, regular particle shape and great hydration specific surface area, it is benefit for the formation of hydration membranes. The external loads influence the moisture movement.And sample 3 has the largest quantity of moisture movement, then sample 1,and sample 2 the lest.

To study the stability of surrounding rock of joint arch tunnels in partial pressure, the authors introduce SIGMA module of GeoStudio program to simulate it and adopt the calculation result as the guideposts. Pressure cells were installed and monitoring data were treated by the method of weighted regression analysis, which got the steady pressure of the monitoring spots. Contrasting calculation result and monitoring data, it is gotten that the surrounding rock of tunnel is stable. The results indicate that the FEM and weighted regression analysis have a good result for judging the stability of surrounding rock of joint arch tunnels in partial pressure.

A new city zone will be built on a large area of backfill, and according to the complex engineering geology conditions, the CFG pile composite foundation scheme was finally selected. The isolated foundation and strip foundation were calculated and piles were designed after comprehensive analysis and comparison on economy, technique and construction period of various approaches like natural foundation and compound foundation etc. The CFG pile composite foundation is a kind of composite foundation that consists of CFG pile, soil among the piles and broken stone underlay. The CFG pile body is of good quality, short construction period, fast construction speed and big bearing capacity which can be more than 350 kPa. The CFG pile composite foundation should be adopted,if the maximum load of a pile is not more than 4 000 kN or there is a sand and gravel bed which is of high hydraulic permeability in the soil stratum.

The contents of fluoride in tea leaves and the distribution of fluoride in tea garden soils as well as their relationships were discussed in this paper by sampling the tea leaves and soils from the twelve tea gardens located South Center and Southwest China. The contents of fluoride in tea plants ranged from 221 mg/kg to 1504 mg/kg for old leaves and 49.0 mg/kg to 602 mg/kg for young leaves, respectively, the fluoride contents in old leaves were 2.5-8.1 times higher than that in young leaves. There were not a unified changing tendency for each form of fluoride in different soil layers, but the concentrations of different F forms for each soil layer were all in the order of residualFe-Mn oxide＞organic＞water＞exchangeable. The distribution of fluoride in tea garden soils was obviously related to the soil properties. The concentrations of fluoride in the tea leaves increased significantly with the water soluble fluoride, but other forms of fluoride were not of the same correlations with the contents of fluoride in tea leaves.

Effects of treatment and storage methods, including refrigerating, freezing, freezedrying, oven drying and air-drying on the partitioning patterns of metals in surficial sediments, were investigated through the modified sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that there were different affections for the partitioning patterns of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb by the five methods, and the effect of the five methods on partitioning pattern of Fe (<3.3%) was found lowest among the metals of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb, and Mn the highest (up to 10.2%);The lowest effect of the methods on partitioning patterns of all the metals was the freeze-drying (<4.6%). It was also observed that the effects of oven drying and air-drying on distribution of Cu, Zn and Pb in exchangeable fractions (Ⅰ+Ⅱ) or non-residual fractions (Ⅰ-Ⅴ) were higher compared to the other three treatment methods. Thus, it was concluded that the method of freeze-drying was the most suitable treatment and storage method while investigating the partitioning pattern and bioavailability of metals in surficial sediments.

Through the lab study on Pb²⁺ in water adsorbed by green algae in fresh water，such as stigeoclonium, cladophora and spirogyra， it opens out the adsorbing relationship between green algae and Pb²⁺ and the main influence factors. The experiment showed that the green algae in fresh water had a strong adsorption on plumbum, and the adsorptive efficiency would be 40% when pH was 4,the temperature reached 28℃ and the 2 g algae adsorbed the 20 mL liquor which contained Pb²⁺ of 100 mg/L.

The method of three-dimensional-electrode was used to study the pretreatment of sorbic acid wastewater. The operational parameters that affected the efficiencies of the wastewater treatment were discussed, including electrode material, applied voltage, pH value, electrolysis time, and so on. The experimental results showed that the removal ratio of COD reached to 48% and the BOD/COD increased to 0.40, when the voltage was 20 V, the working electrodes distance was 11 cm, the electrolysis time was 20-30 min, the pH value of wastewater was 4.0±0.2, under the condition of stainless steel as anode, graphite as cathode and cylindrical activated carbon as particle.

The rule and mechanism that total organic carbon, clay content and soil water content affected PHEs’ vertical distribution and migration were shown by testing and analyzing soil samples from vadose zone and aquifer in the typical environment district-Zhangshi irrigated area. The research of representative sampling spots indicated that the tend of the total content of PHEs decreased generally with the depth of the profile section; while that of upper soil varied slowly from 5 cm to 20 cm beyond the plough pan.Then,the relationship between PHEs and total organic carbon, clay content and water content was analyzed separately by two variable correlation analysis, and the findings calculated by Pearson coefficient demonstrated that the total organic carbon, clay content were the important factors influencing the PHEs’ vertical distribution and migration, but soil water content was neglected. SPSS factor analysis is further used to ensure that total organic carbon is the key factor which limits the PHEs vertical distribution.

Taking into consideration of the information of vegetation zoning, reflectance spectral signatures of land cover and field investigations, the estuarine and coastal wetland distribution information of Shanghai region is extracted from multiple Landsat-5 TM images on the basis of the determination of pixel threshold for land cover classification. With ArcGIS, spatial data of the wetlands both of tidal flat and terrain beneath water are integrated. Therefore the wetlands distribution in the past and present and changes are analyzed. Results show that the reclamation of the wetlands kept an increased trend for the past 15 years. Although the tidal flat still grows, the deposition speed obviously decreases and it does not catch up with the reclamation activities. Thus the size of wetlands of middle to high elevation has a decreasing tendency.

Window curve method, a simple method to quickly locate a polarizable body from time-domain induced polarization (TDIP) method is addressed. In the method, the shape and depth of a polarizable body can be calculated from the horizontal derivatives of TDIP abnormal. And window curves can be generated from the functions of different shape factor and depth. From the cross point of different window curves, a final shape factor and depth information of a polarizable body can be estimated. The method has been applied to theoretical data with or without noise, as well as experiment and field data. The results shows that the derived shape and top buried depth of abnormal body agrees well with the known information. The relative error between the interpretation results and the theoretical values is basically less than 10%.

The authors present an electromagnetic(EM) technique which can efficiently measure the sea ice thickness. Due to the rather large resisitivity contrast between sea ice and water, EM method can readily determine the distance between EM antenna and ice/water interface. And after subtracting the height of EM antenna from sea ice surface, the sea ice thickness can be estimated. A formula to estimate the apparent conductivity and sea ice thickness has been obtained after the correlation analysis of the EM apparent conductivity and drill-hole data. The sea ice thickness estimated by the formula agrees well with drill data. Application of the method to an Antarctic test shows that the level ice distribution in the Antarctic Neila Fjord ranges from 0.8 m to 1.4 m in the summer of 2005-2006.

To overcome the problems of the interpolation of the velocity and velocity derivative on non-grid during wavefront construction, a more accurate interpolation algorithm, called bicubic convolution interpolation, has been presented. Numerical results show that the interpolation method can get more accurate rays. And comparing with the double 3-order polynomial interpolation method, the velocity and velocity derivative on non-grid in wavefront construction can be computed more accurate and faster by the bicubic interpolation method.

A new time-frequency signal analysis method, Rihaczek distribution, based on local correlation distribution of signal energy between time and frequency domains is proposed. The distribution has an evident physical significance. This method was provided with the abilities to distinguish and identify different kinds of lithologies and structural responses. And the Rihaczek distributions of array acoustic logging signal have evident differences for different rocks and structural fractures zones. Using the corresponding pattern recognition method, the lithologies and structures can be distinguished and identified effectively.

GPR method has been used to detect active faults under shallow overlay. The best parameters of data gathering and optimal processing procedure of the method have been obtained through experiments. The upper conformation and the depth of the top broken points of active faults, as well as the soil structure, can be revealed from the final GRP profiles. With the help of logging information, the activity of active faults can be analyzed and estimated through the GPR profile comprehensive analyzation of the Quaternary structure and the layer position of the top brokenpoints of active faults.