The geochronology and geochemical studies were carried out on the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic rocks and the Liaoji granite from Jiao-Liao-Ji mobile belt in North China craton to understand the~2.2 Ga magmatic event and its geodynamic setting. The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analyses on the meta-andesites yield ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of (2182±6) Ma and (2229±22) Ma. These zircons exhibit oscillatory and sector-zoning and high Th/U ratios (>0.5), the typical magmatic origin; thus the ages probably represent the formation ages of the protolith of the meta-volcanic rocks. The zircons from the Paleopr oterozoic Liaoji granite share the similar magmatic characteristics with those from the meta-volcanic rocks, e.g., oscillatory and sector-zoning, and high Th/U ratios (>0.3). The zircon U-Pb isotopic dating by using the LA-ICP-MS method on the Paleoproterozoic Liaoji granite reveals that they formed at (2199±10) Ma, which are regionally comparable to those of the Paleoproterozoic meta-volcanic rocks. Our age data suggest a synchronism for the two rock units, rather than that the Paleopreoterozoic Liaoji granites were the basement of Liaohe Group volcanic rocks as considered previously. The recognition and the nature of the ~2.2 Ga magmatic event in Liaodong Peninsula are critical for understanding the evolution of Jiao-Liao-Ji mobile belt. Our new data, coupled with recent studies on lithology, metamorphism, geochemistry, and geochronology of Archean-Paleoproterozoic basement rocks, support the Paleoproterozoic arc-continent collision model.

Controlled by the uplift of Qilian Mountains and the change of climate, a set of clastic rocks are developed in Early Cretaceous in the continental basins in front of Qilian Mountains. The Cretaceous strata are developed and outcropped well in Lanzhou basin, which are made up of particular sedimentary facies successions under the framework of the unconventional system tracts, and are very important to the study of the Qilian Mountains uplift and their impacts on the Asian environment. The Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group can be divided into 5 third-order sequences (S.1-S.5), and every third-order sequence contains LAST and HAST unconventional systems. Alluvial fan facies and fluvial facies coarse clastic rocks constitute the LAST;while the HAST is composed by alluvial fan facies. The eolian sandstones in the Upper Part of Hekou Group are the products of "foehn effect" caused by the Qilian Mountains uplift. In the transition period of Early to Late Cretaceous, Qilian Mountains uplifted fast and intensively, which caused the denuded zone of the study area;so the Upper Cretaceous strata were not developed. The Lower Cretaceous sequences of Lanzhou basin are the material records of not only the Qilian Mountains uplift, but also the reconstruction of the pattern of the atmospheric circle in East Asia.

Based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology theory, in combination with the data of Ruishuihe outcrop profile, 42 drilling cores, and hundreds of well logging, the authors studied the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Yanchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin. The results show that Yanchang Formation can be divided into 4 large-scale cycles, and 11 intermediate-scale cycles. The highest base level of the four large-scale cycles are basically corresponded to Chang 9, Chang 7, Chang 4+5, and Chang 1 respectively. According to the study, three kinds of main cyclical structures of Yanchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos basin are proposed, include asymmetry form deepening upwards when A/S<1 symmetric form when A/S≈1, and asymmetry form of descending half cycle when A/S>1. With the analysis of the NS and EW framework of high-resolution sequence chronostratigraphy, there is no sedimentary discontinuity and unconformity within Yanchang Formation, however the top strata of Yanchang Formation were denuded to different extent, among which the southwest part was denuded seriously, and the middle and northwest strata were preserved well, and both of them contacted with the overlying Jurassic strata unconformably.

The structural characteristic of Nanpu sag basin is complex, and the sandbody distribution varies in time and space. In order to determine the sandbody distribution pattern, the analysis of core facies with structural and sedimentary background in gentle slope zone was conducted to identify and interpret the braided delta front sandstone. According to the establishment of the sequence stratigraphy framework, sedimentology, and seismic geological interpretation, the distrution of sandbodies in Nanpu sag was controlled by two kinds of synsedimentary fault slope-break belts, including the source direction fault slope-break belts that controlled the sediment transport channel and the sedimentary enrichment space, and the reverse source fault slope-break belts that changed the flow direction and prevented lateral sediment transport. Thus, the sandbody development model of the First Member of Shahejie Formation in Paleogene in the south area of Nanpu sag is concluded and characterized as "Shaleitian salient providing the sands source, the groove and faulted trough transporting sands, the reversed slope-break zone and convex limiting the space, the distributary channel underwater in the braided delta front controlling the spatial distribution, and the slope-break zone determining the gathering of sands".

Besides Chang 7 Member, Chang 9 Member is the other important shale gas horizon however its resource potential is unknown. The shale layer with high gas content was found in Chang 9 Member of Well Huangtan-1, whose resource potential is preliminarily confirmed.Based on the drilling results of the well Huangtan-1, and combined with the data of adjacent wells, the development feature, organic matter abundance, organic type, thermal maturity, mineral and petrophysic characteristics, and gas content of shale, the shale gas potential of the study area is preliminarily analyzed. The deep and semi-deep lacustrine facies are deposited during Chang 9 Member deposition period. The total organic content (TOC) of Chang 9 Member is as high as 3.98%, with humic Ⅱ₂ organic type, at the high-mature gas-prone stage. The mineral composition is mainly quartz and feldspar. The average gas content is 2.92 m³/t, which shows the great gas generation potential of Chang 9 Member in south Ordos basin.

Permian Lucaogou Formation is one kind of the most important hydrocarbon source rocks and exploration targets in East Junggar basin. Heavy oil is discovered in Permian Lucaogou Formation in well JZK1, which was drilled in 2013 at the northern foot of Bogeda Mountain in Xinjiang by Oil & Gas Survey, China Geological Survey. According to the organic geochemical data of the heavy oil and core samples from JZK1 well, the heavy crude oil, which mainly exists in rock fissure, is in moderate evolution stage and experienced later biological degradation. Based on the correlation between oil and source rocks, the crude oil is from Lucaogou Formation itself. The result indicates that this is a kind of self-generated reservoir. Lucaogou Formation extends from Yamalike Mountain in Urumqi in the west to Baiyanggou in Qitai in the east, which covers an area about 20000 km² with 136 km in length and 2-10 km in width. It is favorable exploration target in the near future in the region. According to the drilling and seismic interpretation results from seismic lines across wells, the strata above and below a nappe is predicted to be the two key exploration regions. The primary reservoir located in the lower wall of thrust anappe is buried deeply in a large scale, which is a significant target for future exploration.

The tight sandstone samples from Fuyu oil layer in Daan oilfield of Songliao basin were studied. In order to further study on the mechanism of seepage, a 3D digital core model with real pore throat structure was constructed by combining VGStudio MAX with Avizo, which has the advantages of non-destructive to samples, visualized results, and abundant data. Combining with ESEM Maps image splicing technology, the casting thin sections, and a constant speed mercury penetration analysis, the micro pore structure quantitative characterization of Daan oilfield was studied in Fuyu oil layer in the southern Songliao basin. The research showed that at micro-scale, the reservoir space types are mainly dissolution pores and micro cracks, the samples of different porosity and permeability have different pore throat size.The pore structure morphology is characterized by the two main forms of globular and stripped, and their pore throat distribution are two forms of contiguous and isolated; at nanoscale, reservoir space types are dissolution pores with mineral particles inside or on the surface and micro cracks, the pore throat morphology is characterised by the two forms of small globular and tubular, and the micro cracks have very good connection with nanoscale pore. Narrow throat radius is the main cause of low permeability of the samples.

The three key isssues of the assessment of lacustrine tight oil or shale oil plays are:firstly, where it is (spatial distribution)? secondly, how much original oil existed in-place? and thirdly, how much oil can be produced (mobility of residual hydrocarbon). This paper discusses the geological theory and key technology to solve the forementioned three questions. The key to delineate lacustine tight oil or shale oil plays is refined as the characterization of organic-rich source rock intervals and oil sandwiche. Various source rock intervals can be identified by integrated well logging and geochemical assessment technology with SR-logR, an improved ΔlogR algorithm, and to represent the heterogeneity of lacustrine source rocks by using the positive correlation between hydrogen index I_H and w(TOC). Hydrocarbon in lacustrine tight oil or shale oil plays can be splitted into two parts:free oil and adsorbed oil. The former mainly occurs in the various scale interbedded tight reservoir layers within the shale plays, and minor exists in the organic matters enriched intervals; the latter is mainly located in the organic matters enriched intervals in the shale plays. Only free oil has an economical value because the adsorbed oil cannot be produced according to the present exploitation technology. The quantitative model of free oil and adsorbed oil in source rock can be calibrated with practical geochemical data to calulate the amount of free oil, adsorbed oil, and original oil in-place. The recovery ratio of tight oil or shale oil depends on the hydrocarbon mobility, which is controlled by maturity or hydrocarbon conversion rates. Hydrogen index of organic-rich source rocks (w(TOC) more than 2%) and the modified models are recommended to refine maturity or conversion rate. A case study from Biyang basin has been provided to show how to predict hydrocarbon mobility trend from hydrocarbon generation model and practical Rock-Eval data.

Liuju copper deposit is one of the typical terrestrial sandstone-type deposits, and which is located in the Meso-Cenozoic red-bed basin of South China. The mineralization occurred in the interface between the purple and grey beds of medium-fine grained sandstone strata. Besides, Hematite, chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite coexist in this transitional zone from the purple bed to grey bed, a horizontal metallic mineral zone. Aiming at the ore-forming fluid evolution and mineralization mechanism, this paper focuses on the characteristics of fluid inclusions on the basis of mineralization types and mineralizing periods. The fluid mineralization of Liuju deposit can be divided into diagenesis period and tectonic-reworked period; the latter can be further divided into early and late stages. In the two stages, fluid inclusions are predominated by pure-liquid type aqueous inclusions and gas-liquid aqueous inclusions with rich liquid. The homogenization temperatures of the three stages experienced an evolution trend as follows:increased from 96-164℃ to 108-227℃, then decreased to 94-159℃; while the salinities(w(NaCl)) were slightly decreased from 2.7%-16.7% to 2.1%-13.8%, then 1.2%-13.5%, showing little difference. Generally, all the three stages of the ore-forming fluid were medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity basin brine. By the petrographic feature observation and the laser raman spectroscopy test of the gas component in fluid inclusions, it was confirmed that small amounts of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were contained in the diagenesis period; while small amounts of three-phase CO₂ inclusions were found in the tectonic-reworked period. Besides, their grouped fluid compositions are different. The ore-forming fluid experienced a trend as follows:the gas component changed from the reducing organic-rich end (CH₄) to the relatively oxidizing end (CO₂) in the N₂-CH₄-CO₂ triangular diagram; meanwhile, the ionic component changed from the rich SO₄^2-(-Cl^-)-Ca²⁺-K⁺ type to the rich Cl^--Na⁺ type. Different properties of ore-forming fluids played different roles in the mineralization of bedded orebodies and veined orebodies. During the ore-forming fluid evolution, the disseminated or laminated ores in sandstone-type copper deposits were formed in the diagenesis period; while, the high-grade banded, veined ores on the base of bedded orebody controlled by the fracture are formed during the further evolution in tectonic-reworked period.

Lanzhichang iron deposit is the first medium-scaled iron deposit ascertained in a basalt construction of the Emeishan large igneous province. The deposit has a close spatial-temporal and genesis relationship with the basalt construction that is significantly of synsedimentary stratabound mineralization characteristics. The orebodies mainly occurred in the contact zone between the basaltic breccia basalt and the compact massive basalt of the lower section of Emeishan basalt controlled by Kuangshanliangzi caldera structure with multi-layers, and the ores developed fabric structure such as strawberry-like structure, rhythmic and laminar structures, banded structure, dense massive structure, rope structures, brecciated structure and so on, as well as iron tuberculosis and iron jasper. The major and trace elements of rock and ore show that the mineralization was affected by the hydrothermal sedimentary, magmatic evolution following the Fenner differentiation trend. The geological and geochemical characteristics indicate that Lanzhichang iron deposit is a continental syndepositional iron ore deposit with volcanic eruption or overflow. The discovery of this new type of iron deposit is a breakthrough to the ideological restraint in China that no such scaled iron deposit can be found in an igneous area. It provides a lot of inspirations and references for looking for iron ore in similar geological environments.

Datong pluton is located between Kegang-Kudi-Qimanyute ophiolite belt and Mazha-Kangxiwa ophiolite belt in the western Kunlun orogen. This paper presents the study of petrography, major and trace elements, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb chronology, and Hf isotopic data of the adakitic rocks, which are in and surround Datong pluton. The adakitic rocks consist of biotite monzonitic granite and quartz monzonitic granite, occurring in small isolated plutons and dykes in the shoshonitic Datong pluton. The adakitic rocks are characterized by high SiO₂ (≥60.34%), Al₂O₃ (≥14.73%), total alkali(w(K₂O+Na₂O)≥6.40%), low MgO(≤2.35%)and high Sr(≥504×10^-6), low Y(≤17.20×10^-6), and high Sr/Y(average 70.88). They are prominently enriched in LREE and LILE, depleted of HREE and HFSE, with variably negative Eu anomalies and Ta, Nb, P, and Ti depletion. The zircon U-Pb dating for the adakitic rocks from both isolated and within Datong pluton yields the weighted mean ages of (443.6±1.4) Ma-(462.0±1.0) Ma, which are consistent with the formation of Datong pluton. The zircon ε_Hf (t) values for the adakitic rocks are in the range of -7.28-4.56 (average -0.84). Combined with the regional tectonic evolutionary history, the adakitic rocks eventually emplaced in the shallow level of crust after partial melting of the oceanic crust and the overlain terrigenous sediments during the southward subduction and interaction with the overlain mantle wedge subsequently. The comparison between the shoshonitic Datong pluton with the adakitic rocks is of important significance to understand the formation and geological evolution of the early Paleozoic magmatic arc of the western Kunlun orogen.

This paper presents a detailed research work on LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope of the Houtougou monzogranite in Wulonggou area of the eastern Kunlun orogen. The LA-ICP-MS zircon dating of the Houtougou monzogranite yields an average ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of (419.0±1.9) Ma, belonging to Late Silurian. Its geochemical features show that the Houtougou monzogranite belongs to a high-K calc-alkaline series of A₂-type granite, and is characterized by high SiO₂, high K₂O, high Y (>33×10^-6) and Yb, low Al₂O₃ and Sr (<100×10^-6), with a significant negative Eu anomaly, enriched in Rb, Th, U, La, Ce, and Nd, depleted of Nb, Ta, Ba, Sr, P, and Ti. The zircon Hf Isotopic data demonstrate that their ε_Hf(t) values range from 0.2 to 5.1 with the model ages (T_DM2) of 1066 to 1371 Ma. It implies that their primary magma was likely derived from partial melting of lower Mesoproterozoic mafic crust. The trace elements and their characteristic ratios show that the Houtougou monzogranite emplaced in the post-orogenic stage of the eastern Kunlun orogen in Late Silurian. In view of the above facts, the closure of Proto-Tethys occurred in Late Silurian (~419 Ma) rather than Early Devonian in the eastern Kunlun orogen.

Gejiumu Lithosome located in the western Yunnan alkali-rich porphyry band, which belongs to the southern section of Jinshajiang-Red River alkali-rich intrusive lithosome. An analysis is conducted to figure out the geochemical characteristics of the rock mass. The result shows that Gejiumu Lithosome is characterized by high potassium, alkali, and belongs to a high potassium calc-alkali or potassium basalt series. The trace and lanthanon elements analysis show that the ratios of LREE/HREE and (La/Yb)_N are 12.60-19.25 and 17.02-34.87 respectively, belonging to the light lanthanon enrichment type, with the delta Eu of 0.73-0.98, a slight negative Eu anomaly. The magma of Gejiumu Lithosome should come from a high-pressure environment of the upper mantle or the lower crust, with mantle metasomatism experienced and alkali-rich magma mixed. The weighted average age of the zircon U-Pb dating (LA-MC-ICPMS) is (37.91±0.35) Ma (n=27 MSWD=0.99). The studies show that Gejiumu Lithosome formed in the late India-Eurasia collision of tectonic transformation stage, also known as the early stage of the post collision.

This paper reports the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of detrital zircons from Hongshan and Heilonggong Formations in Lesser Xing'an Range in order to constrain their formation age and provenance. Most of the detrital zircons are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display striped absorption or oscillatory zoning in CL images, implying their magmatic origin. The dating results of the magmatic zircon indicate that 42 detrital zircons from clayslate stones in Hongshan Formation yield age populations of 747 Ma, 807 Ma, 849 Ma, 903 Ma, 956 Ma, 1167 Ma, and 1811 Ma, implying that the sedimentation of Hongshan Formation could take place after 747 Ma. 97 detrital zircons from clayslate stone in Heilonggong Formation from Yichun yield the age populations of 700 Ma (Pb losing occurred), 805 Ma, 902 Ma, 1764 Ma, 2446 Ma, and 2467 Ma; which suggests that the sedimentation of Heilonggong Formation could take place after 805 Ma because of the Pb losing. Combined with the detrital zircon dating results (wide occurrence of 561 Ma age population) from the Late Paleozoic strata in the study and the adjacent areas, we conclude that the formation ages of Hongshan and Heilonggong formations are between 747 and 561 Ma and between 805 and 561 Ma, respectively; i.e., Neoproterozoic rather than Late Paleozoic as believed previously. Based on the comparison between the age populations of the detrital zircons from the two formations and the geochronological data in the study area, the sediments of the two formations were mainly sourced from the Neoproterozoic stones. Furthermore, the Neoproterozoic magmatic zircons have been identified in this study, to be the evidence of the Neoproterozoic magmatic events in the area. Meanwhile, the presence of detrital zircons with Meso-Paleoproterozoic ages reveals the existence of ancient Precambrian remnants at or near the surface.

Laodaokou unit is located in Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, the east of Xing'an Mongolian orogenic belt, northern Great Xing'an Range. The unit is mainly composed of diorite, adamellite, and dioritic porphyrite. SIMS U-Pb dating of zircon of the diorite provides the age of (126.09±0.95) Ma, indicating that the plution was formed in Early Cretaceous instead of Cambrian as thought before. The major element data show that the diorites contains 56.13%-57.91% of SiO₂, 0.97%-0.99% of TiO₂, 2.00%-2.12% of MgO, 6.73%-7.41% of TFe₂O₃, 36.00-38.00 of Mg^#, 4.29%-4.53% of Na₂O, 1.38%-1.59% of K₂O, 17.95%-18.36% of Al₂O₃. The K₂O/Na₂O ratios range from 0.31 to 0.37. The diorites are rich in alumina and sodium relatively. The rare earth elements chondrite standardized curves show that they are rich in light REE and depleted of heavy REE with weak negative δEu (0.85-0.87). Laodaokou plution is rich in large ion lithophile element (LILE)(e.g., Ba、K、Rb、Th、U), but depleted of high field strength elements (HFSE) (e. g., Nb、Ta、Ti、and P). The geochemical signatures above imply a characteristic related to subduction, and this suggests that the magmatic source of Laodaokou diorites were from the lithospheric mantle, which was metasomatosed by subduction fluid. Combining with the geochemical characteristics of Laodaokou plution and its regional tectonic settings, we conclude that the plution might be formed under a lithospheric extension after the closure of Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean.

The three boreholes (NP3, CH110, and BT113) distribute from north to south along the west coast of Bohai bay. Through sampling the materials of the upper beds of the three cores deposited during Holocene, the authors analyze lithology, ages of AMS ¹⁴C, the assemblages of benthic foraminifera, and ostracoda to rebuild the Holocene sedimentation environment, and discuss the relative sea level changes quantificational. The results indicate that influenced by land-ocean interaction, the study area went through various stages of environmental development from swamp, tidal flat, shallow sea, prodelta, delta front to delta plain. At the beginning of Holocene, swamps developed in the mid to north parts of the study area; the south part, however, was exposed without deposition and unconformable contact with the underlying fluvial sediment deposited during Late Pleistocene. In Early Holocene, tidal flat developed overall with about 1m sediment only which took about several hundred years to more than a thousand years. Around 7000 cal BP, the sedimentation environment was transformed into shallow sea followed increasing water depth in Mid-Holocene, and at 6000 cal BP, changed into delta regime at north and south ends along the present shoreline. But, at mid of shoreline, delta regime began at 1500 cal BP. The environmental change in the west coast of Bohai bay reflects the relative sea level change in Holocene. At the beginning of Holocene, the relative sea level rose close to 21.3-20.4 m. At ca.8000 cal BP, the relative sea level was 18.6-17.0 m, and below 6.8 m at ca.6000 cal BP. At ca.5000-1000 cal BP, the relative sea level was above 2.5 m. It was between 1.3 m to 0.4 m during 1000-800 cal BP. During the period of 8000-5000 cal BP, the sea level rose about 15.0 m with a faster rate of 5 m/1 ka.

In order to effectively increase the amount of available groundwater resources, a method of artificial recharge is innovated. Based on the analysis of subsurface drip irrigation techniques and the method for artificial recharge of groundwater, the constructive idea of underground pipe artificial recharge system was put forward. The groundwater reservoir in Tailan River was taken as a case to calculate the quantity of artificial recharge. The advantages, disadvantages, and the main points of structure design of the underground pipe artificial recharge system were discussed. The results show that the new method can reduce the soil moisture of the surface soil and land evaporation effectively. At the same time, the case study in Tailan groundwater reservoir shows that the amount of infiltrating water can reach about two million and two hundred thousand cube through a 10 kms subsurface pipe, which provides a powerful guarantee for artificial recharge of groundwater reservoir. In general, the system is a new method for effective utilization of water resources, it is of vast importance to the security of water use and the achievement of reasonable allocation of water resources.

To evaluate the hot dry rock (HDR) resource under different conditions in Xujiaweizi area in Daqing, based on the real logging data of one deep well we divided the existing conditions into several types. For each formation type, we proposed the corresponding fracturing strategy and created 3D fracturing model. Based on the stimulated reservoir, the hydro-thermal simulations were performed by using TOUGH2, and the extracted thermal energy was evaluated. The results indicate that Yingcheng formation is the most suitable reservoir for HDR development at present; the target formation based on feature fracture could be divided into tight and fractured formation; based on stress confinement condition, it could be subdivided to confined and unconfined formation; after 20 years operation (horizontal part length is 2000 m), the heat production from the confined and unconfined formation are 3500-5350 kJ/s and 5600-7760 kJ/s respectively, when the injection rate are 20 and 32 kg/s respectively; whereas the heat from naturally fractured formation is much higher than that from tight formation (injection rate is 30 kg/s, heat production is 17000-18500 kJ/s). Above all, the horizontal technique makes the tight formation also have the HDR resource development potential.

The method of intercepting water with compressed air for a landslide is mainly based on the unsaturated seepage theory, through filling the trailing edge of slope with compressed air to expel some groundwater, to form the unsaturated curtain belt, to intercept the groundwater seepage from the trailing edge of slope, and then to lower the groundwater level in a potential landslide. The multiphase seepage is quite complex, so the simulation technology is often the effective research method. Based on the groundwater level and the seepage quantity in the landslide model test, it's easy to get the soil parameter through numerical inversion analysis. To study the effects of groundwater level in potential landslide caused by different inflatable positions through constructing the numerical model, the authors get the conclusions as follows:the groundwater level of potential landslide area can be lowered by filling and inflating the trailing edge of slope with compressed air; a better inflatable position should be closed to the potential landslide area. The greater the pressure of the inflatable point is, the more the groundwater level of the potential landslide area drops. When choosing the depth of the inflatable point, we should select a deeper one, so that a larger air pressure can be used.

In order to reduce the influence of seasonal drought on agricultural production in west Jilin Province, the standardized precipitation index(SPI) was selected as meteorological drought index based on the monthly precipitation data collected from six sites in west Jilin Province during 1957 to 2010. Daubechies wavelet method, rescaled range analysis(RIS), and drought frequency method were applied to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SPI. The results indicate that:winter drought of all over these sites presented a downward trend, while autumn drought was just opposite to the trend of winter drought. The six sites show the persistent drought characteristics as follows:summer and autumn drought in Qian'an, summer drought in Qianguo, spring, summer and autumn drought in Tongyu, and summer drought in Changling. Fuyu is prone to spring drought, Fuyu and Baicheng to summer drought, Baicheng, Tongyu, Qian'an, Qianguo and Changling to autumn drought, and Fuyu, Changling and Baicheng to winter drought. This paper provides a meteorlogical drought referrence for the western Jilin Province.

In order to grasp the forms and accumulation of cadmium in the soils of karst area, three calcareous soil samples collected from Maocun, Guilin, were analyzed.Their cadmium concentration was tested by an atomic spectrometer, and the cadmium was tested by an improved. Tessier assay, for its different existing status as it is in the five forms of EXC(exchangeable), CAB(carbonate combined), OXI(Fe-Mn oxide combined), ORG(organic combined) and RES(residual). Moreover, its risk to the environment and implications were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the relative cadmium contents of the three calcareous soil are:Black calcareous soil> Brown calcareous soil> Red calcareous soil;Cadmium in Black calcareous soil and Brown calcareous soil present mainly in Fe-Mn oxide combined form, and the chance to find it in other forms is reduced by the order of OXI> RES> EXC> CAB> ORG.In Red calcareous soil, the relative contents of cadmium in different chemical forms reduced in the order of RES> OXI> EXC> CAB> ORG. The results of RSP and RAC showed that cadmium contents of the three calcareous soil are:Black calcareous soil> Brown calcareous soil> Red calcareous soil. The ecological and health risks of cadmium of the three calcareous soil are:Black calcareous soil> Brown calcareous soil> Red calcareous soil. The results provide basic data for remediation and control of cadmium in karst area.

In order to obtain the pattern of variation of PM2.5 concentrations in the atmosphere in Beijing City, we build a EEMD-SVR hybrid model that can predict the PM2.5 level in a short term. Firstly, according to the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to analyse the PM2.5 of Beijing City, the original time series is decomposed into the series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and trend items; then, the periodic variation characteristics of PM2.5 is revealed through the periodic analysis of each intrinsic mode function;finally, we use support vector regression (SVR) to forecast all IMFs and trend items, which reflect the rationality of using SVR model. The results show that the prediction accuracy of mixed EEMD-SVR model is higher than single SVR model.

On the basis of analyzing the geological and geophysical characteristics of Dajingpo airborne geophysical test site which is the first airborne geophysical integrated test site in China, three typical profiles were selected for the research on the geological, topography, remote sensing, magnetic, gravity, and electromagnetic data in the test site. By taking the resistivity sounding data as the constraint, a physical-geological model was set up through 2.5D polygon prism model combination. The integrated interpretation on typical profiles was carried out through joint forward and inversion of gravity and magnetic data. The characteristics of fault and tectono lithology of the test site were mastered. The near EW trending faults in the middle and the northern NEE trending fault separate the test site into three regions:the southern fold zone, the central fault uplift zone, and the northern depression zone. All of the research results could provide bases and constraints for further comprehensive interpretation mapping of the test site.

Due to the impact of air waves, marine CSEM response to oil reservoir is weak in shallow water. Data processing and interpretation in shallow water have long been a hotspot in marine electromagnetic theoretical research. In recent years, with the development of marine CSEM theory, EM data interpretation in shallow water has been improved. However, it is still subject to restriction of fundamental theory. Under this situation, we carry out the research on the effect of electrical anisotropy to MCSEM data in shallow water. We use Euler rotation to establish different anisotropic models for seabed media. Through using the staggered grid finite-difference method to calculate marine CSEM responses in shallow water, we analyze the characteristics of amplitude, phase of inline E_x component, and current density. The physical mechanism of the anisotropic effect on the response of oil reservoir has also been analyzed. We conclude that the characteristics of marine CSEM responses in shallow water are different from that in deep water, and attentions should be paid to the differences when interpreting and inversing the marine CSEM data in shallow water. This research can provide a guideline for marine CSEM data interpretation in shallow water and promote marine CSEM data interpretation in shallow water.

Seismic signal will decay when spreading under the ground, which will decrease the resolution ratio of seismic data. The attenuation compensation of seismic wave is an important step in seismic datum processing. The proposed attenuation compensation method is based on the local time-frequency transform (LTFT) which allows the user to choose a range or sample interval of the frequency. As a result, it performs well in time-frequency analysis and solves the problem of fixed-windows STFT and the precise estimates of the frequency, which cannot be provided by expansion coefficients in a wavelet frame. The spectrum ratio method is widely used for its convenience and effectivity. Besides we choose the earth filtering operator based on the Kolsky attenuation model. The result of theoretical model and real data trials show that the seismic wave compensation method based on LTFT can compensate the attenuation of seismic signal especially in a deep stratum and improve the resolution of seismic data efficiently.

The similar image of rock rupture process was recorded clearly in laboratory by the broadband tiltmeter of Linfen station before the 2010 Hejin M_S4.8 earthquake.In 2009, the observation data from April to July, were based on almost all linear variation; Nonlinear variation deviating linear appeared in August; Data began to drop slowly after the peak reaches in October, and that is a stage of sub-instability; Data appeared quick drop in December and turned flat on Dec.21. 35 days later, the earthquake of M_S4.8 occured 89 km away from the observation station. In the stage of quasi-linear (stress accumulation stage of rock rupture test), seismogenic fault and Benioff strain curve accelerated at the same time, indicating that the sub-instability phenomena recorded by VP-type broadband tiltmeter of Linfen station was from the hypocenter. The sub-instability can be proved through outdoor observation data.

It is still very difficult to determine the seepage characteristics and evolution pattern of a low permeable heterogeneous reservoir after many years' development by water injection, especially those reservoirs that have been dealt with by many different methods to increase their productivity. In this paper, the reservoir models of the low permeable fractured reservoirs in Huoshaoshan oilfield are identified, and the evolution patterns of the reservoir flow systems in different development stages are also analyzed. There are many natural fractures in Huoshaoshan oilfield, and a lots of them are developed by use of fracturing mode;therefore the reservoir models in initial development are mainly manufacturing fractures or dual pore model. During development, the flow characteristics of production well change to single pore model and the flow characteristics of injection well change to radial fitting model caused by decreasing of formation pressure and the application of deep profile control technology. The evolution of flow systems changes the effective permeability of reservoir, and makes it decrease gradully over the whole process. The initial reservoir effective permeability field fits to water channeling characteristics of oil well, and the decreasing tendency of the effective permeability also fits to the decrease of rising rate of water in the research area. The above results provide important bases for further adjustment and development to the feasibility of reservoir evaluation.

MISR multi-angular data have been built through 9 cameras combination, and the infulence on land use and land cover mapping by multi-angular observing and traditional nadir approach has been explored in the lower Tarim River. In addition, SVM (support vector machine) and conventional MLC (maximum likelihood classification) were respectively implemented to observe the differentiation of Confusion Matrix. The findings are presented as follows:Multi-angular oberservation achieved higher classification accuracy compared to nadir approach no matter MLC or SVM classifiers being used; Although the lower resolution, MISR obtains abundent information, and thus has a great impact on the classification of vegetation;the classification by SVM shows a higher accuracy than that by MLC no matter which data set is used;different cameras lead to different results, but camera C and D paly more important roles than the others.