吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1615-1621.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20190194

• • 上一篇    

选区激光熔化304L不锈钢的组织结构及力学性能分析

佟鑫1,2,3(),张雅娇3,黄玉山3,胡正正2,王庆1,2,张志辉1,2()   

  1. 1. 吉林大学 工程仿生教育部重点实验室，长春 130022
    2. 吉林大学 生物与农业工程学院, 长春 130022
    3. 广州恒尚科技有限公司，广州 510705
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-04 出版日期:2019-09-01 发布日期:2019-09-11
  • 通讯作者: 张志辉 E-mail:tongxin_gz@husun.com.cn;zhzh@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:佟鑫（1982-）,男,高级工程师,博士.研究方向:金属增材制造与激光表面改性.E-mail:tongxin_gz@husun.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发专项项目(2016YFB1100201)

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting

Xin TONG1,2,3(),Ya-jiao ZHANG3,Yu-shan HUANG3,Zheng-zheng HU2,Qing WANG1,2,Zhi-hui ZHANG1,2()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
    2. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022
    3. Guangzhou Husun Technologies Co. , Ltd. ，Guangzhou 510705, China
  • Received:2019-03-04 Online:2019-09-01 Published:2019-09-11
  • Contact: Zhi-hui ZHANG E-mail:tongxin_gz@husun.com.cn;zhzh@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

采用选区激光熔化技术成形304L不锈钢，研究了成形后的显微组织和形貌特征，以及不同构建方向对力学性能的影响。结果表明：304L不锈钢组织中无明显气孔和夹杂缺陷；试样的表面粗糙度随倾斜角度的增大而减小。获得准确完整成形几何特征的前提是，薄壁试样厚度的设计值大于0.3 mm，无支撑圆孔试样直径设计值在1~12.5 mm之间，试样外尖角角度设计值大于5°，试样的内尖角垂直摆放时设计值大于15°，水平摆放时设计值大于8°。不同构建方向对试样的抗拉强度和屈服强度影响不明显，当试样的构建方向与基板呈0°时，试样抗拉强度达到最大值684.7 MPa，当构建方向与基板呈30°时，试样的断后伸长率达到最大为47.7%，同时冲击功达到最大值196.3 J，断裂机制均为韧性断裂。

关键词: 选区激光熔化成形, 304L不锈钢, 组织结构, 力学性能, 形貌特征

Abstract:

304L stainless steel was prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The microstructure, morphology and mechanical properties of as-fabricated parts were characterized. The results show that no obvious pores and inclusion defects are found in the metallographic structure. The surface roughness of the sample decreases with the increase in the inclination angle during the SLM process. To keep the geometrical characteristics of as-fabricated SLM parts, the thickness of thin-walled specimen should be more than 0.3 mm; the diameter of circular hole without support should be controlled in the range of 1 mm to 12.5 mm; the designed outer sharp angles of the specimen should be more than 5°; the inner sharp angles should be more than 15° when placed vertically to the base plate, and more than 8° when placed horizontally. It is found that the orientation of the specimen axis with respect to the working platform does not influence the tensile strength and yield strength. When the build direction of the specimens is 0° with the base plate, the maximum tensile strength of the specimens reaches 684.7 MPa. When the build direction was 30° with the base plate, the maximum post-fracture elongation of the specimens reaches 47.7%. Meanwhile, the impact energy has the maximum value of 196.3J, and the fracture mechanism is ductile fracture.

Key words: selective laser melting, 304L stainless steel, microstructure, mechanical properties, morphology

中图分类号: 

  • TG430.40

表1

304L不锈钢粉末的化学成分"

元素 质量分数%
C 0.02~0.08
Si ≤1.0
Mn 1.0~2.0
Cr 18.0~20.0
Ni 8.0~12.0
S ≤0.03
P ≤0.045
Mo -
Fe 余量

图1

力学试样尺寸及成形角度设计"

图2

304L试样显微组织"

图3

不同倾斜角度试样表面粗糙度R a的变化曲线"

图4

不同倾斜角度试样三维表面形貌图"

图5

不同 SLM成型角度的力学性能"

图6

不同角度室温拉伸断口扫描形貌"

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