吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 351-360.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20190826

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

清选筛运动参数对玉米芯轴堵筛规律的影响

程超1,2(),付君1,2(),郝付平3,陈志2,3,周德义2,任露泉1,2   

  1. 1. 吉林大学 工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春 130022
    2. 吉林大学 生物与农业工程学院,长春 130022
    3. 中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-20 出版日期:2020-01-01 发布日期:2020-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 付君 E-mail:chengchao17@mails.jlu.edu.cn;fu_jun@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:程超(1991-),男,博士研究生. 研究方向:仿生收获技术与装备. E-mail:chengchao17@mails.jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170204016NY);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD070190103)

Effect of motion parameters of cleaning screen on corn cob blocking law

Chao CHENG1,2(),Jun FU1,2(),Fu-ping HAO3,Zhi CHEN2,3,De-yi ZHOU2,Lu-quan REN1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
    2. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
    3. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2019-08-20 Online:2020-01-01 Published:2020-02-06
  • Contact: Jun FU E-mail:chengchao17@mails.jlu.edu.cn;fu_jun@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对玉米联合收获机清选作业过程中芯轴堵塞清选筛的问题,本文利用自制清选筛堵塞性能试验台研究了振幅、振频和方向角3个关键运动参数对玉米芯轴堵筛规律的影响,并利用改装玉米联合收获机进行验证试验。通过单因素试验揭示了清选筛加速度和芯轴堵塞质量随运动参数增大的变化规律。通过正交试验建立了运动参数对玉米芯轴堵筛影响规律回归模型,得到了清选筛运动参数最优组合:振幅50 mm、振频7 Hz、方向角55°。验证试验表明,清选筛运动参数最优组合具有良好的筛分性能,堵塞玉米芯轴质量为10.39 g,籽粒含杂率为0.9%,清选损失率为1.09%,能够满足玉米联合收获机清选作业的要求。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 玉米联合收获机, 清选筛运动参数, 玉米芯轴, 堵筛规律

Abstract:

Screen blocking during cleaning operation of combine by corn cob seriously affects the yield of corn grain. Amplitude, vibration frequency and vibration angle of the screen are three key motion parameters. In order to explore the influence of three key motion parameters on screen blocking, single-factor test, orthogonal test and verification test were carried out by self-made vibration test bench and modified combine prototype respectively. The change rules of acceleration and mass of blocked corn cob with the increase of motion parameters were revealed through single factor test. The regression model of the influence of three motion parameters on screen blocking was established through orthogonal test. Then the optimal combination of three motion parameters was amplitude of 50 mm, vibration frequency of 7 Hz, direction angle of 55°. The validation test showed that the average mass of blocked corn cob was 10.39 g, the grain impurity rate was 0.9%, and the cleaning loss rate was 1.09%. The optimal combination of motion parameters has good screening performance and meets the production requirements of grain cleaning in combine.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, corn combine, screen motion parameters, corn cob, screen blocking law

中图分类号: 

  • S225.5

图1

清选筛与玉米芯轴碰撞运动过程示意图"

图2

清选筛堵塞性能试验台"

图3

清选筛堵塞造成籽粒堆积"

图4

玉米芯轴结构特征"

图5

玉米芯轴长度和角度分布比例"

图6

收集堵塞的玉米芯轴"

图7

振幅对玉米芯轴堵筛规律的影响规律"

图8

不同振幅水平下清选筛的加速度曲线"

图9

振频对玉米芯轴堵筛规律的影响规律"

图10

不同振频水平下清选筛的加速度曲线"

图11

方向角对玉米芯轴堵筛规律的影响规律"

图12

不同方向角水平下清选筛的加速度曲线"

表1

试验因素编码"

编码 因素
振幅x 1/mm 振频x 2/Hz 方向角x 3/(°)
r 50.0 8.0 60.0
1 48.5 7.7 57.1
0 45.0 7.0 50.0
-1 41.5 6.3 42.9
-r 40.0 6.0 40.0

表2

正交试验方案及结果"

试验编号 试验因素 堵塞玉米芯轴质量y/g
x 1 x 2 x 3
1 1 1 1 9.40
2 1 1 -1 11.60
3 1 -1 1 6.68
4 1 -1 -1 11.48
5 -1 1 1 8.91
6 -1 1 -1 11.84
7 -1 -1 1 13.19
8 -1 -1 -1 14.29
9 r 0 0 6.31
10 -r 0 0 11.23
11 0 r 0 7.94
12 0 -r 0 13.31
13 0 0 r 8.67
14 0 0 -r 13.19
15 0 0 0 6.97
16 0 0 0 8.79
17 0 0 0 7.45
18 0 0 0 7.57

图13

双因素响应面"

图14

验证试验样机"

表3

验证试验结果"

序号 堵塞玉米芯轴质量/g 籽粒含杂率/% 清选损失率%
1 10.36 0.89 1.09
2 10.25 0.88 1.11
3 10.41 0.91 1.08
4 10.51 0.93 1.06
5 10.43 0.90 1.10
平均值 10.39 0.90 1.09

图15

堵塞玉米芯轴质量随时间变化情况"

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