基于渗流理论的港城交通网络特征分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240712

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了识别港城交通网络瓶颈路段、厘清城区与港区的物理边界，基于渗流理论对港城交通网络特征进行分析。首先，首次将土壤渗透模型Van-Genuchten应用于交通领域研究，建立适用于港城交通网络的路段渗流概率模型。其次，基于实际港城交通网络和渗透模型参数，分析网络的瓶颈路段和周期特征，将路网划分为城区、港区和融合区3个特征区域。最后，建立基于分区网络特性的港城交通网络优化策略。实验结果显示：相比于整体的路网瓶颈路段识别优化策略，分区优化策略在将瓶颈路段通行能力提升5%~30%的过程中，平均临界阈值始终高于整体优化策略；此外，分区优化策略在通行能力仅提升5%时，改善效果便十分明显，而整体优化策略在通行能力提升15%时，改善效果才逐渐显现。本文对缓解港城区域交通网络拥堵问题，以及分区域制定交通改善方案提供了理论指导。

关键词: 交通运输规划与管理, 渗流理论, 港城交通网络, 瓶颈识别, 分区优化策略

Abstract:

To pinpoint bottleneck sections in the port-city transportation network and delineate the physical boundaries between urban zones and port zones， this paper analyzes the characteristics of the port-city transportation network based on percolation theory. Firstly， the Van-Genuchten soil permeability model was applied to transportation research for the first time， formulating a road section seepage probability model tailored for port-city transportation networks. Secondly， based on actual port-city transportation network data and penetration model parameters， the bottleneck roads and periodic characteristics of the network were analyzed， which categorized the road network into three characteristic regions： urban， port， and fusion areas. Finally， an optimization strategy for the port-city transportation network based on the characteristics of zonal network is established. Results revealed that the partition optimization strategy consistently surpassed the overall optimization strategy， achieving a higher average critical threshold when enhancing bottleneck capacity by 5%-30%. Notably， the partition strategy demonstrated remarkable improvements even with a 5% capacity boost， whereas the overall strategy's benefits became evident only at a 15% increase. This paper offers theoretical guidance for alleviating traffic congestion in port-city regions and shaping effective regional traffic enhancement plans.

Key words: transportation planning and management, percolation theory, port and city transportation network, bottleneck identification, regional optimization strategy

中图分类号:

U491.1

孙峣,白东轩,姚宝珍,白子建. 基于渗流理论的港城交通网络特征分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(1): 199-208.

Yao SUN,Dong-xuan BAI,Bao-zhen YAO,Zi-jian BAI. Characteristics analysis of port and city transportation network based on percolation theory[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(1): 199-208.

图/表 13

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表3

工作日和休息日分区域典型临界阈值"

临界阈值 $P c$	城区工作日	城区休息日	港区工作日	港区休息日	融合区工作日	融合区休息日
最大临界阈值时间段	0.82 03：30 am	0.80 04：00 am	0.74 03：30 am	0.69 02：00 am	0.71 03：00 am	0.72 03：30 am
最小临界阈值时间段	0.37 08：00 am	0.58 15：30 pm	0.36 19：00 pm	0.33 7：30 am	0.29 17：30 pm	0.35 19：30 pm
最大、最小临界阈值差值	0.45	0.22	0.38	0.36	0.42	0.37
平均临界阈值	0.62	0.67	0.58	0.57	0.50	0.55

表3

图9

表4

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车型	折算系数
小型客车	1
小型货车	1
中型货车	1.5
大型客车	1.5
大型货车	3
集卡	4
其他	2

道路属性	单车道	双车道	三车道	四车道
高/快速路	1 318	2 491	3 519	4 375
主干道	1 120	2 116	2 990	3 718
次干道	770	1 455	2 055	2 556
支路	504	952	1 345	1 673

通行能力提升比例/%	策略一（分区域）	策略二（整体）
0	0.57	0.57
5	0.61	0.58
10	0.63	0.59
15	0.65	0.63
20	0.66	0.64
25	0.66	0.65
30	0.66	0.65